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CFD Analysis of CD Nozzle

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30 views7 pages

CFD Analysis of CD Nozzle

Uploaded by

Abhiv Gs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Aerospace Engineering

Propulsion Lab - 21AS63L

MINI PROJECT REPORT

in

CFD ANALYSIS OF CD NOZZLE

By

ABHINAV GS - 21BTRAS001
ADAN RIZWAN NAYEEM - 21BTRAS026

Under the guidance of


Dr. K. Raja Sekar
Asst. Professor
Department of Aerospace Engineering
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 3

INTRODUCTION 4

DESIGN OF CD NOZZLE 5

METHODOLOGY 5

ANALYSIS 6

RESULTS 7
ABSTRACT

The objective of this mini-project is to investigate the flow behavior through a


convergent-divergent (CD) nozzle using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The CD nozzle,
critical in applications like rocket engines and supersonic jets, manipulates fluid flow to achieve
supersonic speeds through a controlled expansion process. This study employed the ANSYS
FLUENT software to simulate and analyze the airflow through a CD nozzle under varying
operational conditions.

The geometry of the CD nozzle was designed and meshed using ANSYS FLUENT. Key
parameters varied in the simulations included inlet pressure, temperature, and the throat diameter
of the nozzle. Results from the CFD analysis demonstrated the ability of the CD nozzle to
accelerate subsonic flow to supersonic speeds, evidenced by the Mach number exceeding 1 in the
divergent section of the nozzle.

This project enhances the understanding of the flow dynamics in CD nozzles and provides a
foundation for optimizing nozzle design to maximize performance in specific applications. The
study's findings also have implications for the design and operation of propulsion systems where
precise control over the flow regime is critical.
INTRODUCTION

Convergent-Divergent (CD) nozzles, also known as de Laval nozzles, are designed


to manage the flow of a compressible fluid, typically gasses, and convert subsonic
flow into supersonic flow. These nozzles are a crucial component in a variety of
high-speed aerodynamic and propulsion systems, including rockets, jet engines,
and supersonic wind tunnels. The design and operation of CD nozzles play a
pivotal role in determining the efficiency and performance of these systems.

A CD nozzle consists of three primary sections: a convergent section, a throat, and


a divergent section. In the convergent section, the cross-sectional area decreases,
causing the velocity of the gas to increase (according to the continuity equation)
and the pressure and temperature to decrease, as long as the flow remains subsonic.
At the throat, which is the narrowest part of the nozzle, the gas reaches the speed of
sound (Mach 1). Beyond the throat, in the divergent section, the area increases,
allowing the now supersonic flow to expand, further accelerating the gas and
decreasing its pressure and temperature.
DESIGN OF CD NOZZLE

To design our CD Nozzle we used FUSION 360 for CAD Modelling of the following
dimensions.
1. Inlet diameter: 60mm
2. Outlet diameter: 40mm
3. Throat diameter: 19mm
4. Convergence half angle: 45 degrees
5. Divergence half angle: 15 degrees

METHODOLOGY

The CFD analysis is carried out on a 2D sketch in following steps:

1. 2D DESIGN
2. MESHING
3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
4. ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
1. STATIC PRESSURE:
As seen from the analysis, the nozzle has the maximum pressure in the convergence section and
gradually decreased. As the flow is accelerating, from Bernoulli's principle, the pressure is
decreasing resulting in converting the potential energy (pressure) into kinetic energy (velocity).

2. MACH NUMBER
The analysis shows the exhaust velocity that goes up to 3.15 Mach (super-sonic). The throat
section has a velocity of 1 Mach (trans-sonic) As required, the hot gasses are expanding in the
divergence section to increase the velocity.
RESULTS
The Convergent Divergent Nozzle is obtained and analysis has been done. Detection of shock
wave occurrences and flow instabilities informs adjustments to nozzle design and operational
parameters, aiming to minimize negative impacts on performance and reliability.

The CFD analysis of the CD nozzle shows expected supersonic flow characteristics with critical
insights into shock behavior and efficiency under varying operational conditions. The analysis
shows the importance of nozzle design optimization.

These findings, derived from a simulated CFD study, would typically be detailed with specific
figures, plots, and comparative tables in a comprehensive report. Such detailed reporting helps in
refining designs and improving the performance predictions of CD nozzles in practical
applications.

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