EOCO

Course Objectives
diagrams- losses and efficiency — OC and SC tests. Equivalent circuits-
1. To understand the basic concepts of different types of electrical machines and their efficiency calculations- maximum efficiency— all day efficiency—
performance. simple numerical problems. Auto transrormers constant voltage
2. To know thedifferent methods of starting D.C motors and induction motors. transrormer- instrument transformers.
3. To introduce the controllers for automation three phase induction motors- slip ring and squirrel cage types- 15%
principles of operation — rotating magnetic field- torque slip
IV 7
characteristics- no load and blocked rotor tests. Circle diagrams-
Syllabus
methods of starting — direct online — auto transformer starting
DC Machines, transformers, three phase induction motor, single phase induction motor, stepper
SECOND INTERNAL EXAMINATION
motor, controllers for automation. Single phase motors- principle of operation of single phase induction 20%
motor — split phase motor — capacitor start motor- stepper motor-
Expected outcome universal motor Synchronous machines types emf equation of
V 8
The students will be able to alternator — regulation of alternator by emf method. Principles of
1. Selecta drive fora particular application based on power rating. operation or synchronous mritors- methods of starting- V curves-
2. Selecta drive based on mechanical characteristics fora particular drive application. synchronous condenser
3. Discuss the controllers used forautomation Stepper motors: Principle of operation, multistack variable reluctance 20%
motors, single-stack variable reluctance motors, Hybrid stepper motors,
Text Books: Linear stepper motor, comparison, Torque-speed characteristics,
1. Kothari D. P. and I. J. Nagrath, Electrical Machines, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004. control of stepper motors
2. Nagrath .I.J. & Kothari .D.P, Electrical Machines, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1998 VI Controllers for automation, servo control, Digital controllers, 8
3. Richard Crowder, Electrical Drives and Electromechanical systems, Elsevier, 2013 Advanced control systems, Digital signal processors, motor controllers,
Axis controllers, Machine tool controllers, Programmable Logic
4. Mehta V. K. and R. Mehta, Principles of Electrical and Electronics, S. Chand & Company
Controllers
Ltd., 1996.
5. Theraja B. L. and A. K. Theraja, A Text Book ofElectrical Technology, S. Chand & END SEMESTER EXAM
Company Ltd., 2008.
6. Vedam Subrahmaniam, Electric Drives (concepts and applications), Tata McGraw- Hill, QUESTION PAPER PATTERN:
2001
References:
1. H.Partab, Art and Science and Utilisation of electrical energy, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, 1994 Maximum marks: 100 Time:3 hrs
2. M. D.Singh, K. B. Khanchandani, Power Electronics, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1998
The question paper should consist of three parts
3. Pillai.S,K A first course on Electric drives, Wiley Eastern Limited, 1998
Part A
There should be 2 questions each from moduleI and II
Course Plan Each question carries 10 marks
Sem. Students will have toanswer any three questions out of4 (3X 10 marks =30 marks)
Module Contents Hours Exam
Marks PartB
DC Machines-principle of operation-emf equation-types o1" There should be 2 questions each from module III and IV
excitations. Separately excited, shunt and series excited DC Each question carries 10 marks
I 6 15%
generators, compound generators. General idea of armature reaction, Students will have toanswer any three questions out of4 (3X 10 marks =30 marks)
OCC and load characteristics - simple numerical problems.
Principles of DC motors-torque and speed equations-torque speed PartC
characteristics- variations of speed, torque and power with motor There should be 3 questions each from module V and VI
II current. Applications of dc shunt series and compound motors. 6 15% Each question carries 10 marks
Principles o1" starting, losses and efficiency — load test- simple Students will have toanswer any four questions out of6 (4X10 marks =40 marks)
numerical problems.
FIRST INTERNAL EXAMINATION Note: in all parts each question can havea maximum of four sub questions
III Translormers — principles of operations — emf equation- vector 7 15%
 PARTA PARTA
Answer any threefull questionc, each carries JO marks. Marks Answer anythreefull quections, each carries 10 marks. ^<
*) With neat sketches explain armature reaction ina dc machine. (6) $) Give the classification of the DC generators depending upon their field (4)
b) Derive the emf equation ofa dc machine. (4) excitation with neat diagrams.
2 a) Compare self-excited and separately excited dc generator. (5) Explain armature reaction in a DC generator? Write any two methods to (6)
b) Compare short shunt and long shunt compound wound generators with (5) compensate it.
necessary equations. The magnetization characteristics fora 4-poIe,110V,l000rpm shunt generator is (1 0)
3 a) Derive the condition to maximize thepower developed ina motor. Also list the (4) Ir (A) 0 0.5 5 2 2y5 3

limitations to achieve the maximum power. Eo (V) 5 0 102 112 116 120

b) Explain the losses that occur ina dc motor. (6)

Armature is lap-connected with 144 conductors. Field resistance is 45 f2.
4 a) Compare the mechanical characteristics ofa d.c series motor and d.c shunt (6)
Determine i. Voltage the machine will build up at no load.
mOtOt
ii. The critical resistance.
b) What makes d.cmotora self-regulating machine? Explain. (2)
iii. The speed atwhich themachine just fails to excite.
c) Ina brake test on a small shunt motor, the speed was 1800 r.p.m, the load on (2)
iv. Residual flux per pole
one side of the brake band was 29.8N and on the other side 2.54 N. The '}’ a) Draw thepower now diagram ofa DC motor. (3)
diameter of the brake pulley was 15.4 cm. If the input current was 2.5A at b) What isthenecessity of starter in do motor? (4)
220V, calculate (i) the brake horse power and (ii) the efficiency. c) What is meant by back emf? Explain its significance. (3)
PART A 4 a) A 230 V DC series motor has an armature circuit resistance of 0.2 f2 and field (4)
Answer anythreefull questions, each carries IO marks. Marks resistance of 0.1 f2. At rated voltage, the motor drawsa line current of 40A and

I a) Explain the effect of demagnetization effect and cross magnetization effect on a (6) runs ata speed of 1000 rpm. Find the speed of the motor fora line current of

dc machine with neat figures. 20A at 230 V. Assume that the flux at 20A line current is 60% of the flux at
40A line current.
b) A separately excited generator when running at 1000 rpm supplies 220 A at (4)
With the help of speed-armature current characteristics, explain why the series (4)
l20V toa circuit of constant resistance. If the field current remain unaltered
motors should not be started without any load.
what will be the load current when the speed drops to 800 rpm? Armature
List out any two applications of DC shunt and series motors. (z)
resistance 0.04f2 and total drop atbrushes 2V. PART A
2 a) A 4 A nswei• ariy th seefzrIIqcrey4(oits, ezrcly coy•rres1 O party. Marks
pole lap wound dc shunt generator has flux per pole of 0.05Wb. The (5)
* °) What aretheapplications of dc generator? (2)
armature winding consists of 200 turns, each turn havinga resistance 0.004f2.
b) Give the classification of dc generators based on their field winding excitation (4)
Calculate the terminal voltage when running at 1000 rpm ifthearmature current
with diagrams
is 60A.
•) Derive an expression for the e.m.f. generated in a dc se e rator. (4)
b) Explain the steps involved in determining the critical speed and shunt field (5) 2 a) Draw theclifferent characteristics of a dc shunt generator and name them. (3)
resistance ofa generator with necessary figures. b) Vhat are the effects of armature reaction in dc generator? (3)
3 a) A dc shunt machine when runasa motor on no-load takes 440W andruns at (8) A 6 pole dc shunt generator with 780 wave connected armature conductors ancl (4)
1000 r.p.m. The field current and arrriamre resistance are lA and 0.5f2 running at 500rpm suppliesa load ofl 2.5 ohms resistance at a terminal voltage

respectively. Calculate the efficiency of the machine when (i) running asa of 250 V..The armature resistance is 0.25 ohms and field resistance is ISO
ohms. find the following i) Armature current ii) induced EMF ii i) Flux per
generator delivering 40A at 220V and (ii) as a motor taking 40A froma 220V
pole.
supply.
3 a) With thehelp of a neat sketch explain theI oad test of a dc shunt motor. (3)
b) Explain the necessity of starters in motors. (2) b) With thehelp of block diagram explain the power stages of dc motor (2)
4 a) A 500V, 35 kW, 1000 rpm dc shunt motor has on full-load an efficiency of 88%. (4) c) A 220 V dc shunt motor carries an armature current of 40 A and runs at a speed (5)
The armature circuit resistance is 0.24 ohm and there isa total voltage drop of of 500 rpm. The arrriature resistance is 0.25 f2.II the flux is rectuced by 5° o and

2V atthe brushes. The field current is 2A. Determine fit full load line current fii4 the torque remains the same, find the new speed of the motor.
4 a) With the help of a neat ctiagram, explain the electrical and mechanical (5)
full load shaft torque (iii) total resistance in motor starter to limit the starting
characteristics of dc shunt motor.
current to 1.5 times the full load current.
b) Explain the different losses in a d.c. machine and derive the condition for (5)
b) Compare theelectrical characteristics of dc shunt motor and dc series motor. (6)
maximum efficiency.
 PARTB PART B
Answer any threefull questions, eacH carries 10 marks. Answer aziy threefullquestions each carries 10 marks.

a Explain the working of CT and PT with suitable diagrams.

5 a) With neat phasor explain working component and magnetizing component of (3)
b) Draw thevector diagram ofa single phase transformer with capacitive load. (4)
theinput current ina transformer.
6 a) Derive the condition for maximum efficiency ina single phase transformer. (4)
b) Comparea practical transformer on load with and without winding resistance (7)
b) Draw theapproximate equivalent circuit referred to low voltage side ofa given (6)
and leakage flux with necessary figures. 1000/200 V, 50 Hz,1 phase,5 kVA transformer having the fohoming test results.
6 a) Draw theequivalent circuit ofa transformer referred to its secondary. (2) O.C test (on L.V. side) :- 200V, l.2A, 90W
b) List the advantages of conducting OC and SC test ina transformer. (2) S.C test (on H.V side) :- 50 V, 5A, 11 OW

c) With neat figure explain the operation of an autotransformer (6) Compare slip ring and squirrel cage induction motors. (3)
b) Draw andexplain the torque - slip characteristics of three phase induction motor. (4)
7 a) Explain the principle of operation ofa three phase induction motor with neat (5)
c) With suitable circuit diagram, explain auto transformer starting method ofa (3)
figure.
three phase induction motor.
b) With neat sketch explain how an induction motor is started using an (5) Explain the working principle of three phase induction motor with neat (6)
autotransformer diagrams.
8 a) Explain the various tests carried out in an induction motor to obtain the circle (10) b) A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase induction motor has a rotor resistance of 0.03 £2/ph and (4)
diagram standstill reactance of 0.20 f2/ph. Determine
PARTB i. The speed atwhich maximum torque is developed.
Answer any threefull questions, each carries 10 marks. ii. The rotor current frequency

5 a) With neat phasor diagram explain the operation of an ideal transformer. (3) PARTB
b) A single phase transformer has 1000 turns on the primary and 200 turns on the Artsover iuf threefull quc•stioiis, coach carriers 10 iitarks.
secondary. The no-load current is 3A ata pf of 0.2 lag. Calculate the primary (4) II
) Deri ’e t)ie EMF equation ol‘a transloriiicr (4)
current and power factor when thesecondary current is 280A at
a pfof0.8lag.
h) Explain thei ccior di•s•ana oi“ transti›rrner rudder no load (6)
c) Draw and theequivalent circuit of a transformer referred to its primary and (3) 6 a) Write short notes on current transformer and potential transformer. (5)
comment on each component. b) The maximum i4ux density in the core ota 240/3000V.50 I Jz single phase (5)
6 a) List any 3 merits and demerits of autotransformer. (6) transformer is 1.3 Wb/m2. IfthePME perturn is8 Voll. Determine i) primary
b) Explain the losses ina transformer. (4) and secondary turns ii)area ot’the core
7 a) With neat phasor diagrams explain how a rotating magnetic field is created in an (8) 7 a) Explain the torque slip characteristics of a tlii‘ee-phase induction motor wilh (4)
induction machine. neat dia¿urair.
b)A 50 Hz,4 pole,3 phase induction motor hasa rotor current of frequency2 Hz. (2) p) Explain horn rotating magnetic ficld is produced ina three-phase induction (6)
Determine (i) slip and (ii) speed of the motor. motor with the help ofa neat diagram.
8 a) Compare squirrel cage and wound rotor induction motor based on rotor (3) g )
a Explain the working principle of three phase induction motor with neat (6)
construction.
diagrams
b) Explain with figure, the torque slip characteristics of an Induction motor. (5)
b) Explain with the help of ncat diagram the working oi’ any no methods of (4)
c) Explain the significance of slip ina 3 phase Induction motor. (2)
startinga 3 -phase induction motor
 PARTC PARTC
Answer an our/ufi questions, each carries 10 marks.
Answer anyfourfull questions, each carries 10 marks.
9 a) With neat diagrams explain in detaila capacitor start Induction motor (6)
9 a) Explain any two methods of starting of single phase induction motors with (4)
b) List any four characteristics of split phase induction motor (4)
diagrams.
10 a) With neat figure explain the operation ofa universal motor. (5)
b) Explain the e.m.f method of determining the voltage regulation of an alternator. (6)
b) Compare salient pole and non-salient pole of an alternator (5)
10 a) Explain with diagram theworking of universal motor. (5)
11 a) Explain how continuous unidirectional torque is obtained ina synchronous (5)
b) Explain the V curves ofa synchronous motor. (5)
motor with neat figure
11 a) Explain the principle of operation of1 -phase induction motor. (4)
b) With neat figure list the merits and demerits of synchronous condenser (5)
b) Derive the e.m.f equation of an alternator. (6)
12 a) Explain half step and full step operation of variable reluctance stepper motor (6)
Explain the working of multi stack variable reluctance stepper motor with neat
b) Explain step angle and stepping rate (4) •
figure.
13 a) Explain machine tool controllers (5)
b) Explain axis controllers (5) ) Explain the working ofa digital controller. (4)

14 a) With neat figure explain multi-stack variable reluctance stepper motor. (5) *. "I) With suitable block diagrams explain the control of stepper motors. (5)

b) Explain linear stepper motor (5) b) Write short notes on axis controller and machine tool controller. (5)
PARTC c g, a) Explain the features and applications of programmable logic controllers. (6)
Ansn'er cup/our/uffquestimis, each carries 10 marks. ’ b) Draw andexplain the torque-speed characteristics of stepper motor. (4)

9 a) Explain double field revolving theory of single phase Induction motor with (8)
suitable diagrams. PARTC
Answer anyfoarfall questions, eaclt carries 10 marks.
b) List any two characteristics ofa capacitor start motor. (2)
10 a) At starting the windings ofa 230V, 50Hz, split-phase Induction motor have (5) 9 a) What arethemethods of startinga single-phase induction motor? (6)
resistance and inductive reactance of main winding as4 ohm and 7.5 ohm bi Draw andexplainV curves o1’a synchronous motor. (4)
respectively and resistance and inductive reactance of starting winding as 7.5 0 .) How’ voltage regulation of an alternator is delennined by EMF method. Explain (6)
ohm and4 ohm respectively. Find (i) the current I,n in the main winding and
b) Explain t)ie working ofa universal motor w'itli the help of“ its diagram. (4)
current I, in the starting winding (ii) phase angle between Is and Inn (iii) line
current (iv) power factor of the motor. Il a) Considering pitch and distribution factors. derive emt'equation of an alternator. (6)
b) With neat diagrams explain the operation ofa split phase Induction motor. (5) b) Explain the principle of synchronous condenser and give its applications. (4)
11 a) With neat phasor diagram explain the working of synchronous condenser. (3) 12 a) Explain the working of variable reluctance stepper motor with neat diagram. (6)
b) Derive the e.m.fequation of an alternator. (4) b) Draw andexplain the torque speed characteristics ofa stepper motor. (4)
c) What is V-curve for an alternator? Draw thechanges in it while operating at (3) )
a Explain lhe working of Hybrid stepper molor with llie help ofa neat diagram. (5)
different conditions.
b) Explain programmable logic controllers with neat diagram (5)
12 a) Compare Permanent Magnet Stepper motor and Variable Reluctance Stepper (10)
motor. 14 a) Explain the working ofa digital controller. (4)

13 a) With neat block diagram, explain Servomechanism. (5) b) Write shori notes on axis controller and machine tool controller. (6)
b) Explain Programmable Logic Controllers. (5)
14 a) Compare Hybrid Stepper motor and Linear Stepper motor. (6)
b) Explain Digital Controllers. (4)