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Unit 6 Oop Features

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15 views13 pages

Unit 6 Oop Features

Uploaded by

pratik.mhasawade.entc.2023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Programming and Problem Solving

UNIT: VI Object Oriented Programming

Features of Object Oriented Programming


Features of OOP
▪ Class
▪ Object
▪ Methods
▪ Inheritance
▪ Polymorphism
▪ Data Encapsulation and Data Hiding
Class
▪ Not possible to built real world data using Built in Data type
▪ OOP Specifically designed to solve real world problems
▪ A Class is used to describe something real world entity
▪ Class provides a template or Blueprint
▪ Consider Student Class Example
Student can have attributes like Name, RollNo, Course, Result
Operations that can be performed on this are AddData, DisplayData,
EditData and so on.
Class
▪ The operations and data is applicable to all students in class.
▪ A student from class is an object of class.
▪ We can create multiple objects for the same class
▪ Therefore Class is also called collection of objects.
▪ Class is user-defined data type.
Class Example
class student():
rollno=9999 #class data
name=“xyz” #class data
def __init__(self, rollno,name): #Object Method …Constructor
self.rollno=rollno
self.name=name
def display(self): #Object Method
print(self.rollno,” “, self.name)
S = student(1101, “Archana”) #Creating Objects
S.display() #Calling Class Function
Objects
▪ Object is an instance of class
▪ According to previous example, all students of class are object of that
class.
▪ Hence class can have multiple instances(objects)
▪ Every object has some data and functions associated with it.
▪ These functions stores data in variables and respond to message which it
receives from other objects.
▪ Class is logical structure where object is physical actuality.
Object Example
class student():
--------------

S = student() #an object created


A = student() #one more object created
Methods
▪ Function associated with class
▪ Defines operations
▪ Only methods of class can access data of class
▪ Every object can have different data associated with it.
▪ Python OOP contains three types of methods
Constructor method
Object Methods
Class Methods
Methods Example
class student():
rollno = 1101
name = “Akash”
def __init__(self) : #Constructor Method / Function
def display(self) : #Object Method/Function
def show() : #Class Method/Function
Inheritance
▪ In inheritance we create new class from existing class
▪ New class called Child/Subclass/Derived class Parent Class
Name, Roll_No
▪ This new class inherits attributes of parent class Add(), Display()

▪ Inheritance relation is also called “is a” relation


▪ Main advantage of inheritance is code reusability

Child Class
Example
class student():
_______

class books(student): # Inheritance student class inherited in books


class
Polymorphism
▪ One Name many forms
▪ Different meaning to method in different context
▪ Example
Operator Overloading
3 + 5 --------> Answer is 8
“3” + “5” ----> Answer is 35
Data Abstraction and Encapsulation
▪ In Data Abstraction only essential details are shown and implementation
details are hidden.
▪ Example: Television , DVD Player
▪ In Data Encapsulation class data is packed together and hidden from
outside access. It can be done by defining data private, public and
protected.

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