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Os 1

Microproject of 5th sem diploma 3rd year computer science

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8 views12 pages

Os 1

Microproject of 5th sem diploma 3rd year computer science

Uploaded by

yashchoprasingh890
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Subject: OSY(22516) Academic Year: 2024-25

Course: CO (5I) Semester: Fifth

A STUDY ON :- Process
MICRO PROJECT REPORT
By

Roll Name of student Enrollment no. Seat No.


No.

46 Kedar Ranalkar 2209350166

Under the guidance of


Ms Pranita Dingore
Third year of Diploma program in Engineering and Technology of
Maharashtra State board of Technical Education, Mumbai.
AT
SHIYAJIRAO S. JONDHLE POLYTECHNIC ASANGAON
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION

This is Certify that Mr. Kedar Ranalkar , Roll no. 46 in fifth


semester of Computer Engineering Diploma program in Engineering
and Technology At 0935 SHIVAJIRAO S. JONDHLE
POLYTECHNIC has completed the Micro Project Satisfactorily in
subject Operating System(22516) in the academic year 2024-25 as
per the MSBTE Prescribed curriculum of ‘I’ Scheme .

Place : Asangaon Date : / / 2024

Enrollment no: 2209350166 seat no.

Subject Teacher Head of department Principle

Seal of institute
Index

Sr. no. Topic

1. Introduction to Process

2. Why it is used

3. What it is used for

4. Advantages and
Disadvantages

5. Example

6. Conclusion

7. Reference
1. Introduction to Process:
In operating systems (OS), a process is an instance
of a program in execution. Process management is
one of the key responsibilities of an OS, and it
involves creating, scheduling, and terminating
processes. Here’s an overview of how process
management works:

1. Process Creation
2. Process States
3. Process Scheduling
4. Process Synchronization
5. Inter-process Communication
6. Process Termination

Process management is critical for multitasking,


resource allocation, and ensuring the stability of the
OS. Each process follows this life cycle,
contributing to the overall operation of applications
and services within the system.
2. Why it is used:
1. Multitasking and Concurrency
Processes allow multiple programs to run "simultaneously"
by switching the CPU between them quickly. This gives the
impression of parallel execution, enabling users to open
multiple applications at once.

2. Isolation and Security


Each process operates in its own isolated memory space.
This separation prevents one process from accessing or
altering the memory of another, which enhances system
stability and security.

3. Resource Allocation and Management


Processes help the OS to control resource distribution,
avoid conflicts, and balance workloads, which is vital for
system stability and efficiency.

4.Process Synchronization and Communication

Mechanisms like inter-process communication (IPC) and


synchronization tools (semaphores, locks) allow processes to
coordinate while maintaining data integrity.
3. What it is used for:
1. Executing Programs
Each process has a specific job, from executing
user applications to running background tasks
essential for system operation.

2. Facilitating Multitasking

Processes allow multiple programs to run


“simultaneously” through rapid context switching,
making the system capable of handling various
tasks at once.

3. Resource Management and Allocation


By tracking resources through the Process Control
Block (PCB), the OS can optimize and prioritize
tasks to make the best use of available resources.
4. Advantages and Disadvantages:

Advantages

1. Multitasking and Concurrency


Processes allow multiple applications to run seemingly
simultaneously, improving productivity and user
experience by enabling tasks like browsing, editing, and
background downloading at the same time.

2. Isolation and Security


Each process operates in its own memory space, isolating
it from other processes. This isolation enhances security,
preventing one process from accidentally or maliciously
accessing another’s data.

3. Resource Management and Control


Processes enable the OS to manage CPU, memory, and
I/O resources efficiently. Scheduling algorithms help
prioritize critical tasks and balance workloads,
optimizing system performance.
DisadvantageS

1. High Overhead from Context Switching

Switching between processes (context switching)


requires saving and loading process states, which can be
resource-intensive and lead to reduced CPU efficiency,
especially in systems with frequent switching.

2. Limited Shared Memory Access

Processes are isolated, making it challenging for them to


share data directly. Communication requires mechanisms
like IPC, which can introduce complexity and slower
data sharing compared to threads.

3. Increased Memory Usage

Each process has its own memory space and data


structures (like PCB), leading to higher memory
consumption compared to a single-threaded program,
which can be costly on memory-constrained systems.
5. Example:
Here are two examples that demonstrate how processes
are used in operating systems:

Example 1: Web Browser with Multiple Tabs

When you open a web browser (e.g., Chrome,


Firefox), each tab often runs as a separate
process. This modular approach improves
stability and security:

Stability: If one tab crashes (e.g., due to a


heavy script), it won’t impact other tabs, as
each tab is isolated in its own process.

Security: Running each tab in an isolated


process prevents one website from accessing
data or resources in another tab, enhancing
user privacy and security.
Example 2: File Download Manager

A download manager application may create a


separate process for each download. This
allows:

Concurrent Downloads: Multiple files can be


downloaded at once, with each download
process managed separately, allowing efficient
multitasking.

Resource Allocation: The OS can allocate


different amounts of CPU or bandwidth to
each download based on priority, ensuring
smoother, more controlled downloads.
6. Conclusion:
In conclusion, processes are fundamental to modern
operating systems, enabling multitasking, isolation,
efficient resource management, and safe communication
between applications. They allow multiple programs to
run concurrently, providing a secure, stable, and organized
environment that enhances both user experience and
system performance. However, the use of processes also
introduces challenges, such as context-switching
overhead, increased memory usage, and the need for
complex synchronization. Despite these drawbacks,
processes remain essential for the modularity, fault
tolerance, and efficiency that define reliable, scalable
operating systems.
7. Reference:
1. GeeksforGeeks

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/

Covers operating system fundamentals, including process


states, scheduling, and inter-process communication.

2. TutorialsPoint

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/

Offers comprehensive OS tutorials, including sections on


processes, memory management, and CPU scheduling.

3. Studytonight

https://www.studytonight.com/

Explains operating system concepts, such as process


lifecycle, scheduling algorithms, and the role of the
Process Control Block (PCB).

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