ANALOG CIRCUITS MODULE WISE

MODULE 1
PART A
Design a differentiator circuit to differentiate a square wave input of 20V peak
topeak amplitude and 1.5KHz frequency.
Explain thermal run away.
Draw the circuit of an RC integrator. Give the conditions for an RC circuit to act
as integrator.
Define Stability factor. Derive the expression for stability factor ‘S’.
Draw the amplitude and phase responses of an RC Low Pass Filter. Mark the
cutoff frequency point on both. What is the phase difference at cutoff
frequency?

Explain working of a self bias circuit?

Design an integrator for an input sine wave of frequency 1.5KHz.

Determine the stability factor of a fixed bias common emitter BJT amplifier
with VCC=12V, RC=10K, RB= 5K and β = 100
PART B
Draw the d.c. load line and determine the operating point of the given circuit.
Assume the transistor to be of silicon. Take, β=100.

Draw the circuit and explain the working of an RC integrator circuit for a square
wave input with period T. Sketch its output waveform for RC ≫ T, RC ≪ T and
RC = T.

With necessary diagrams, explain the voltage divider biasing method of BJT.
Derive the expression for stability factor also.

Set up and explain a slicer circuit that clips an input sine wave at +3V and -6V.
Draw the transfer characteristics.

Given an input wave, Vin=10sin𝜔𝑡. Setup and explain a clamper that clamps
the wave to 22.3V at the positive peak, assuming a voltage drop of 0.7 V across
the diode. Draw the output waveform and transfer characteristics also.

Design a fixed bias circuit for a CE amplifier such that operating point is VCE =
8V and IC = 2 mA. Given, a fixed 15V d.c. supply and a silicon transistor with
β = 100. Take base-emitter voltage VBE = 0.6V and neglect RE.

With necessary diagrams, explain any two biasing methods of BJT.

Set up and explain a slicer circuit that clips an input sine wave at +2V and +4V.
Draw the transfer characteristics

Design a high pass filter for a cutoff frequency of 5KHz. Plot the frequency
response indicating roll off rate in terms of dB/decade and dB/octave. Also,
draw output wave form for triangular input at i) 500Hz ii) 5KHz iii) 10KHz

Explain the concept of operating point with help of dc and ac load lines. Why is
voltage divider biasing superior to other biasing circuits?

Design a clamper circuit to clamp a 10Vpp sine wave so that its negative peak
is
clamped at +2V. Assume diode drop is 0.7V. Draw and explain the output
waveform and transfer characteristics.

Derive the stability factor ( )IC⁄)ICo ) of a voltage divider bias circuit.

Derive the condition that must be satisfied by a RC circuit to behave as a

differentiator. A symmetrical square-wave of 20Hz with peak-to-peak
amplitude of 2V is applied to the input of a high pass circuit . Calculate and plot
the output waveform. Given lower 3 dB frequency is 10Hz.

Determine the DC bias voltage VCE and current Ic for the voltage divider bias
network with R1=39K, R2=3.9K , RC = 4K, RE= 1.5K, VCC= 18V, VBE =
0.7V, β= 140. Draw the DC load line and mark the operating point.

Derive the expression for rise time of a lowpass circuit and how it is related to
3dB frequency
Design a clipper circuit to clip a sinusoidal signal at ±5V.Also explain its
working and plot the transfer characteristics.

Sketch the output waveform and transfer characteristics (VR=4V)

MODULE 2
PART A
Briefly explain the concept of ac load line

Define Millers theorem. Explain how it is used in a two port electrical network

Explain the hybrid-π parameters of BJT in CE configuration.

A CE amplifier with voltage divider biasing has VRE =1.5V, VRC =6V, VCC
=15V, ICQ=3mA and β=200. Find R1, R2, Q-point.

Differentiate between dc and ac load lines.

What is the significance of Miller effect on high frequency amplifiers?

What is the significance of Miller effect on high frequency amplifiers?

Explain how the presence of r0 in hybrid π model of CE configuration justifies

Early effect
PART B
Using small signal hybrid π model, obtain the expression for input impedance,
output impedance and mid band voltage gain of a common emitter amplifier.

Draw the high frequency hybrid π model of BJT in CE configuration and explain
the significance of each parameter.

Using hybrid π model, calculate the small signal voltage gain, current gain,
input
impedance and output impedance of the given circuit, having R1=47KΩ,
R2=10KΩ, RC=2.7KΩ, RE=680Ω, RL=22KΩ VCC=15V, VBE=0.7V, VA=80V, Ic
= 2mA and β=100. (Neglecting r0).

Analyse the high frequency response of an amplifier in CE configuration using

hybrid π model.

Draw and explain the frequency response of RC coupled amplifier.

Using hybrid π model, calculate the small signal voltage gain, input impedance
and output impedance of the given circuit.
Given,VBE=0.7V, VA=80V, Ic = 2mA and β=100. (Neglecting r0)

Derive Ri, Ro, AI and AV using hybrid-pi parameters for CE configuration at

low and mid frequencies.
Define fT. How can it be measured?

Design an RC coupled amplifier for a gain of 200, given that Vcc=15V and Ic
=3.2mA and required input impedance is 1.44KΩ. Find the lower cutoff
frequency of the amplifier. Assume capacitor values appropriately if necessary.

Draw the small signal high frequency CE model of a transistor and give the
order of magnitudes of each capacitance and resistance.

Obtain the input resistance, output resistance and voltage gain of a common
emitter amplifier with voltage divider biasing circuit using hybrid pi model.
[Given Vcc=15V, RS=1K, R1=22K, R2=15K, RC=8K, RE=2K,
CE=CC=CB=0.01μF, β=100 and VBE=0.7V].

Analyse CE amplifier with bypass capacitor at high frequency and determine

the overall upper cutoff frequency.

Explain the need of various components in a RC coupled amplifier with a neat

circuit diagram. Also explain the frequency response of the amplifier.

Draw the complete high frequency hybrid pi model of BJT and explain each
term

MODULE 3

Briefly explain the effect of cascading on gain and bandwidth in multistage

amplifier.
Discuss on common source MOSFET stage with diode-connected load

Three stages of individual RC coupled amplifier having midband gain of 80

with lower cutoff frequency of 100Hz and upper cutoff frequency of 300MHz
are cascaded. Find the resultant gain and cutoff frequencies.

Compare the small signal equivalent of MOSFET and BJT.

Given K=0.4mA/V2 and ID(ON) = 3.5mA with VGS(ON) = 4V. Determine the
value of VTH.

What are the effects of cascading in gain and bandwidth of an amplifier

Given K=0.4mA/V2 and ID(ON) = 3.5mA with VGS(ON) = 4V. Determine VTH.

What are the effects of cascading in gain and bandwidth of an amplifier?

PART B
Explain any two biasing techniques for enhancement MOSFET.

Calculate the drain current and drain-to-source voltage of a common source

circuit with an n-channel enhancement mode MOSFET. Find the power
dissipated in the MOSFET.
R1=22KΩ, R2=10KΩ, RD=6.8KΩ, VDD=8V, VT=1V, Kn=0.1mA/V2

Draw the circuit of a common source amplifier using MOSFET. Derive the
expressions for voltage gain, input resistance and output resistance from small
signal equivalent circuit.

Briefly explain the Common Source stage with current source load.

Draw a CS MOSFET amplifier. With the help of small signal equivalent

circuit, compute its voltage and current gains.

How can you increase the gain of this single stage without additional stages?

How does cascode attain large bandwidth without compromising on voltage or

current gains?
For a CS MOSFET amplifier, what is the input capacitance for the following
conditions Cgs= 4pF, Cgd=1pF and Av=-5?

Draw the circuit of a common source amplifier using MOSFET. Derive the
expressions for voltage gain, input impedance and output impedance

Determine drain to source voltage and gate to source voltage of a EMOSFET

common source circuit using voltage divider bias . Given VDD=10V,
R1=10MΩ, R2=10MΩ, RD=6KΩ, RS=6K= 2V, VT=1V and K=0.5mA/V2
With a neat circuit diagram of a cascode amplifier, derive the expression for
mid-band gain and pole frequencies

Determine VGS, ID and VDS for the circuit shown with RD=1M, RS= 470Ω,
VDD=30V, IDSS= 3mA and VP= -2.4V

MODULE 4
PART A
Explain the basic working principle of an oscillator.

List the advantages of negative feedback over positive feedback

Inspite of reduction in gain, negative feedback is preferred for amplifiers.Justify

the statement.

State Barkhausen criteria. How it is achieved in Wienbridge oscillators?

Differentiate positive feedback and negative feedback.

Draw the block diagrams of current series and current shunt feedback

Explain Barkhausen criteria for sustained oscillations.

Illustrate the effect of negative feedback on gain of the amplifier.

PART B
With neat circuit diagram, explain the working of Wien bridge oscillator.
Explain
how Barkhausen criterion for oscillation is satisfied by the circuit and derive
the
expression for the frequency of oscillation.

Give the block schematic of current-series feedback amplifier configuration

and
deduce the expression for gain, input impedance and output impedance with
feedback.
Explain the working principle of crystal oscillator with neat diagram.

With neat circuit diagram, explain the discrete BJT circuit in voltage-series
feedback and derive the expression for voltage gain, input impedance and
output impedance.

Design wein-bridge oscillator using BJT to generate 1KHz sine wave.

With neat circuit diagram, explain the working of Hartley oscillator

Derive the input resistance, output resistance and gain of voltage series
feedback amplifier. Draw an example circuit and derive the same for the circuit
from its equivalent circuit.

Design an oscillator to obtain sinusoidal waveform of 1MHz.

Draw the equivalent circuit of a crystal. Explain crystal oscillator. Given the
parameters of a crystal as Ls=0.8H, Cs= 0.08pF, Rs=5KΩ and Cp=1pF,
determine the resonant frequencies.

How does negative feedback affect input and output impedances in feedback
amplifiers?

Discuss the effect of negative feedback on gain, frequency response and

distortion.

Explain voltage-shunt and current-series feedback topology.

Explain the working of a Wien bridge oscillator with a neat circuit diagram.
Derive the expression for its frequency of oscillation and condition for
oscillation.

Which type of feedback is implemented in emitter follower circuit? Derive the

equations of voltage gain, input and output impedance of the above circuit.
MODULE 5
PART A
What is cross over distortion? How it can be avoided?

Compare class A and class B power amplifiers

With the help of VI characteristics, explain foldback protection.

Why is class C amplifier highly efficient? Why are they not preferred in audio
applications?

Illustrate the principle of output current boosting circuit in a voltage regulator?

What do you mean by crossover distortion? How can it be eliminated

What is line regulation and load regulation in a voltage regulator?

What do you mean by crossover distortion? How it can be eliminated

PART B
Explain the working of transformer coupled Class A power amplifier with a neat
circuit diagram and collector waveforms. Derive the expression for collector
efficiency.

With a neat circuit diagram, explain how output voltage can be regulated by
using series feedback voltage regulator. How short circuit protection can be
implemented in this?

What are the factors affecting the variation in output voltage of voltage
regulator? With a circuit diagram, explain how load and line regulations are
achieved in a shunt voltage regulator.

Explain the working of Class B push-pull power amplifier with a neat circuit
diagram and output waveforms. Derive the expression for collector efficiency

What do you mean by harmonic distortion in a power amplifier? How is it

reduced in a push-pull amplifier circuit?

Design a simple shunt regulator for an output voltage of 10V, when input varies
from 14 to 24V and load current varies from 10mA to 40mA.Assume the Zener
voltage stabilizes at a minimum current of 15 mA.

A class-A series fed amplifier has VCE(max) =20V, VCE(min)=5V,

IC(max)=8mA and
IC(min)=2mA. Determine the RMS value of current and voltage. Also
determine
the ac power and conversion efficiency given VCC=25V and ICQ=3mA.

What is crossover distortion? How can it be overcome and what compromise

do we make in power amplifier performance?

Draw the circuit of a series voltage regulator and explain its working. Discuss
how short circuit and current foldback protection can be implemented in the
circuit.

For a series fed class A power amplifier, RB=1KΩ, Rc = 20Ω and VCC= 20V.β
for the BJT is 25.Calculate the input power, output power, efficiency and power
dissipated by the transistor for an input voltage resulting in a base current of
10mA peak.

Explain the working of a transformer coupled class A power amplifier.

How output voltage is regulated in a transistor shunt regulator