Loops

1
 LOOPS
•A loop in programming is a control structure that
allows a set of instructions to be executed
repeatedly based on a specific condition or for a
predetermined number of times.
•Loops are used when you want to perform the
same task multiple times without writing the code
for that task each time.

2
3
For loop flowchart
 for loop
• Executes a block of code a fixed number of times,
iterating over a sequence (such as a list, tuple,
string, etc.) or a range of values.
– # Example: Printing numbers from 0 to 4 using a for loop
for i in range(5):
print(i)
While loop flowchart
 while loop
• Repeats a block of code as long as a specified
condition is true. The loop continues to execute
until the condition becomes false.
• # Example: Printing numbers from 0 to 4 using a
while loop
count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1
 Infinite loop
• A construct where a sequence of instructions
repeats endlessly.
• Loop that continues indefinitely unless explicitly
interrupted by some external means, like user input
or a system command.
• Infinite loops are generally unintended in
programming, as they can cause programs to
become unresponsive or consume excessive
resources.
• They often occur due to coding errors or incorrect
logic within the loop structure.
 Infinite Loop Example
• 1
x=10
i=1
while i<=x:
print("infinite loop")
• 2
while True:
print("This loop will run indefinitely!")
 break and Continue statement
• break statement: It terminates the current
loop and resumes execution at the next
statement immediately following the loop.
• continue statement: It skips the rest of the
code inside the loop for the current iteration
and proceeds to the next iteration of the loop.
 break and Continue statement
# Example: Using break and continue in a loop
for i in range(10):
if i == 3:
break # Stop the loop if i is 3
if i == 1:
continue # Skip the rest of the code
in this iteration if i is 1
print(i)
 for loop example explained
• When i is 1, the continue statement is
encountered. It skips the print(i) statement
and jumps to the next iteration of the loop.
• When i is 3, the break statement is
encountered. It terminates the loop
immediately.
• Output:
0
2
 break and Continue statement cont.
# Example: Using break and continue in a while loop
count = 0
while count < 5:
if count == 2:
count += 1 # Increment count to avoid an infinite loop
continue # Skip printing 2 and move to the next
iteration
print(count)
if count == 3:
break # Terminate the loop when count reaches 3
count += 1
 while loop example explained
• When count is 2, the continue statement is
executed. It skips the print(count) statement
and directly moves to the next iteration.
• When count is 3, the break statement is
executed, terminating the loop immediately.
• Output:
0
1
3
 Printing Multiplication Table
5 X 1 = 5
5 X 2 = 10
5 X 3 = 15
5 X 4 = 20
5 X 5 = 25
5 X 6 = 30
5 X 7 = 35
5 X 8 = 40
5 X 9 = 45
5 X 10 = 50

Dec-24 Python Programming 15

 Program…
n = int(input('Enter a number: '))
print (n, 'X', 1, '=', n*1) Too much
print (n, 'X', 2, '=', n*2) repetitio
Can I avo
print (n, 'X', 3, '=', n*3)
it?
print (n, 'X', 4, '=', n*4)
print (n, 'X', 5, '=', n*5)
print (n, 'X', 6, '=', n*6)
….

Dec-24 Python Programming 16

 Printing Multiplication Table

Input n Loop Entry

i=1

Loop Exit
i <=10
TRUE FALSE

Print n X i = n*i Stop

i = i+1

Loop
Dec-24 Python Programming 17
 Printing Multiplication Table
Input n
i=1

TRUE
i <=10
FALSE n = int(input('n=? '))
i=1
Print n x i = ni Stop
i = i+1

while (i <= 10) :

print (n ,'X', i, '=', n*i)
i=i+1
print ('done‘)

Dec-24 Python Programming 18

 While Statement
while (expression):
S1 FALSE
expression
S2
TRUE

S1 S2
1. Evaluate expression
2. If TRUE then
a) execute statement1
b) goto step 1.
3. If FALSE then execute statement2.
Dec-24 Python Programming 19
 Classwork
• Print the sum of the reciprocals of the
first 100 natural numbers.

rsum=0.0# the reciprocal sum

# the for loop

for i in range(1,101):
rsum = rsum + 1.0/i
print ('sum is', rsum)

Dec-24 Python Programming 20

 Quiz
• What will be the output of the following
program

# print all odd numbers < 10

i = 1
while i <= 10:
if i%2==0: # even
continue
print (i, end=‘ ‘)
i = i+1
Dec-24 Python Programming 21
 Continue and Update Expr
• Make sure continue does not bypass update-
expression for while loops

# print all odd numbers < 10

i = 1 i is not incremented
while i <= 10: when even number
if i%2==0: # even encountered.
continue Infinite loop!!
print (i, end=‘ ‘)
i = i+1
Dec-24 Python Programming 22
 Simulated While Loop
• Python does not have a built-in do-while loop
like some other languages (e.g., C, C++, Java).
However, you can simulate a do-while loop in
Python using a while loop with a specific
structure.
Flowchart of Do-While Loop
 Simulated While Loop
• A do-while loop executes the code block at
least once and then checks the condition at
the end of each iteration. You can achieve this
in Python by using a while loop with a break
condition.
 Simulated Do While Loop
• # Simulating a do-while loop
• while True:
• # Code block to execute at least once
• print("This code runs at least once.")
•
• # Check the condition
• user_input = input("Enter 'yes' to continue or
anything else to stop: ")
• if user_input.lower() != "yes":
• break
 Simulated Do While Loop
Suppose you want to keep asking the user for a number until they enter a
positive number:
# Simulating a do-while loop
while True:
number = int(input("Enter a positive number: "))
if number > 0:
print("Thank you!")
break # Exit the loop if the number is positive
else:
print("That's not a positive number. Try again.")
THANK YOU