Class 10 Science

80 Marks Question Paper (GSEB)

Chapters Covered:

• Light Reflection and Refraction

• Human Eye and Colourful World
• Electricity
• Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Section A: MCQs (20 x 1 = 20 Marks)

1. The focal length of a concave mirror is 20 cm. The radius of curvature is:
a) 10 cm
b) 20 cm
c) 40 cm
d) 60 cm

2. The power of a convex lens is +2D. Its focal length is:

a) 50 cm
b) 2 m
c) 0.5 m
d) 5 cm

3. The splitting of white light into its component colors is called:

a) Scattering
b) Dispersion
c) Refraction
d) Reflection

4. The SI unit of electric power is:

a) Joule
b) Ohm
c) Watt
d) Volt
5. A myopic eye has a defect in which the image is formed:
a) Behind the retina
b) On the retina
c) In front of the retina
d) At the optic nerve

6. The effective resistance of three resistors (2 Ω, 3 Ω, and 6 Ω) in series is:

a) 11 Ω
b) 1 Ω
c) 0.5 Ω
d) 5 Ω

7. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction was discovered by:

a) Faraday
b) Oersted
c) Newton
d) Maxwell

8. A current-carrying solenoid behaves like a:

a) Capacitor
b) Permanent magnet
c) Temporary magnet
d) Battery

9. The device used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy is:
a) Transformer
b) Electric motor
c) Generator
d) Solenoid

10.In Fleming's Left-Hand Rule, the direction of the thumb represents:

a) Direction of current
b) Direction of force
c) Direction of magnetic field
d) None of these
11.A magnetic compass needle gets deflected when placed near a current-carrying wire.
This shows that:
a) A magnetic field is created around the wire
b) The compass is faulty
c) The current-carrying wire becomes a magnet
d) The wire has a north pole and a south pole

12.The magnetic field inside a solenoid increases when:

a) The length of the solenoid is increased
b) The diameter of the solenoid is increased
c) The current through the solenoid is increased
d) The resistance of the solenoid is increased

13.Which of the following statements is incorrect about a solenoid?

a) It can act as an electromagnet.
b) The magnetic field outside the solenoid is uniform.
c) The magnetic field inside the solenoid is strong and uniform.
d) Inserting a soft iron core increases its magnetic field strength.

14.A solenoid with an iron core is used to:

a) Reduce the strength of the magnetic field
b) Make the magnetic field uniform
c) Increase the strength of the magnetic field
d) Make the solenoid a permanent magnet

15.The magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor is maximum at:

a) A point far from the conductor
b) A point close to the conductor
c) The center of the conductor
d) The axis of the conductor
16.The strength of the magnetic field inside a solenoid can be increased by:
a) Increasing the current through it
b) Increasing the number of turns per unit length
c) Inserting a soft iron core inside it
d) All of the above

17.The phenomenon of dispersion can occur in:

a) Only prisms
b) Only lenses
c) Any medium where the speed of light varies with wavelength
d) Transparent solids only

18.Which of the following statements about dispersion is true?

a) Dispersion only occurs in solids like glass.
b) Dispersion does not depend on the refractive index.
c) Dispersion results in the formation of a spectrum.
d) Dispersion causes all colors to travel at the same speed.

19.Which of the following is not a result of dispersion of light?

a) Rainbow formation
b) The blue color of the sky
c) The spectrum formed by a prism
d) A halo around the sun

20.The refractive index for red light in a prism is lower than for violet light because:
a) Red light has a longer wavelength and travels faster.
b) Violet light has a shorter wavelength and travels slower.
c) Both a and b
d) Red light is absorbed more by the prism.
 Section B: 2-Mark Questions (6 x 2 = 12 Marks)

11.Define refraction and state the laws of refraction.

12.State the relationship between power, voltage, and resistance. Define 1W
13.Why does the power of diverging lens is negative ?
14.Explain why the Earth's atmosphere gives rise to Tyndall effect.
15.State the working of an electromagnet.
16.Series arrangment is not used in domestic circuits, give reason.

Section C: 3-Mark Questions (6 x 3 = 18 Marks)

17.A convex lens has a radius of curvature 40 cm. Calculate the image distance when the object is
placed 40 cm away from the lens.
18.Explain the working of domestic electric circuit.
19.Write the characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror.
20.Explain the scattering of light and its role in the reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and
sunset.
21.Describe the concept of potential difference. How is it measured in an electric circuit?
22.Draw and explain the magnetic field pattern due to a current-carrying solenoid.
 Section D: 4-Mark Questions (5 x 4 = 20 Marks)

23.Explain with ray diagrams image formation by convex mirror. Mention it’s uses.
24.Explain the refraction of light through a concave lens with a ray diagram.
25.What is Joule’s Law of Heating? Derive the formula for heat generated in a resistor.
26.Describe the working of a electric filament bulb and electric fuse.
27.Explain the process of accommodation of the human eye and describe the causes of
hypermetropia.

Answers with Mark Distribution

Section B: 2-Mark Questions

11. Define refraction and state the laws of refraction. (2 Marks)

• Definition of Refraction (1 Mark): Refraction is the bending of light as it passes obliquely from one medium to another
with a different optical density.
• Laws of Refraction (1 Mark):
1. The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.
2. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant (Snell's law)

12. State the relationship between power, voltage, and resistance. Define 1 W. (2 Marks)

• Relationship (1 Mark):
Power (P) is related to voltage (V) and resistance (R) by the formula:
P=V2 /R
• Definition of 1 W (1 Mark):
1 watt is the power consumed when a current of 1 ampere flows through a circuit with a potential difference of 1
volt.
13. Why does the power of a diverging lens become negative? (2 Marks)

• Explanation (2 Marks):
o A diverging lens (concave lens) spreads out light rays, causing them to diverge.
o Its focal length is negative as measured from the optical center to the focus in the direction opposite to the
incoming light.
o Since power depends on focal length, the power is negative for a diverging lens.

14. Explain why the Earth's atmosphere gives rise to the Tyndall effect. (2 Marks)

• Explanation (2 Marks):
o The Earth's atmosphere contains tiny particles like dust, water droplets, and gas molecules.
o When light passes through the atmosphere, these particles scatter the shorter wavelengths (blue) more effectively
than the longer wavelengths.
o This scattering of light by colloidal particles or very fine particles gives rise to the Tyndall effect.

15. State the working of an electromagnet. (2 Marks)

• Explanation (2 Marks):
o An electromagnet is created by winding a coil of wire around a soft iron core and passing an electric current
through the wire.
o The electric current generates a magnetic field, magnetizing the iron core.
o The strength of the electromagnet can be increased by increasing the number of turns in the coil or the current
flowing through it.

16. Why is a series arrangement not used in domestic circuits? (2 Marks)

• Reason (2 Marks):
o In a series arrangement, if one device stops working or is disconnected, the entire circuit
breaks and other devices stop functioning.
o Moreover, all devices receive the same current, which is not practical, as different
appliances require different amounts of current.
o Thus, parallel connections are preferred in domestic circuits.

Section C: 3-Mark Questions

17. A convex lens has a radius of curvature 40 cm. Calculate the image distance when the
object is placed 40 cm away from the lens

Calculate focal length (1 Mark)

f=R/2=40/2=20 cm
Use lens formula (1 Mark)
1/f=1/v−1/u
1/20=1/v−1/(−40)
1/v=1/20−1/40=(2−1)/40=1/40
v=40cm

Final Answer (1 Mark)

Image distance v=40cm.

18.Explain the working of domestic electric circuit.

Working of Domestic Electric Circuit

o Power Supply: 1 Mark

o Electricity is supplied to homes via overhead poles or underground cables.
o It consists of two wires:
▪ Live wire (red insulation, positive).
▪ Neutral wire (black insulation, negative).
▪ The potential difference is 220 V.

o Distribution: 1 Mark
o The supply passes through an electricity meter and main fuse to the main
switchboard.
o Two circuits are commonly used:
▪ 15 A circuit for high-power devices (e.g., geysers, air coolers).
▪ 5 A circuit for low-power devices (e.g., bulbs, fans).

o Safety: 1 Mark
o A green earth wire connects appliances to a metal plate buried in the ground for safety
against electric shocks.

Appliances Connection:

o Appliances are connected in parallel to ensure equal potential difference and

independent operation.
o Each appliance has a separate switch to control current flow.
19.Write the characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror.

Characteristics of the Image Formed by a Plane Mirror

Virtual and Erect: 1 Mark

The image formed is always virtual (cannot be obtained on a screen) and erect (upright).

Same Size as the Object: 1 Mark

The image has the same dimensions as the object.

Laterally Inverted: 1 Mark

The image is laterally inverted, meaning the left side of the object appears as the right side in
the image, and vice versa.

Equal Distance from the Mirror:

The image is formed at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of it.

Reversible Image:

If the object and image positions are swapped, they remain identical.

20. Explain the Scattering of Light and Its Role in the Reddish Appearance of the Sun at
Sunrise and Sunset

Scattering of Light: 2 Mark

When light passes through Earth's atmosphere, particles like dust, gas molecules, and water droplets
scatter shorter wavelengths (blue and violet) more than longer wavelengths (red and orange).

Reddish Appearance: 1 Mark

At sunrise and sunset, the Sun is near the horizon. The sunlight travels a longer distance through the
atmosphere, scattering shorter wavelengths and allowing red and orange light to reach the observer.
21. Describe the Concept of Potential Difference. How Is It Measured in an Electric Circuit?

Definition: 1 Mark

Potential difference is the work done to move a unit positive charge from one point to another in an
electric circuit.

Formula: 1 Mark

V=W/Q

where V is potential difference, W is work done, and Q is charge.

Measurement: 1 Mark

Measured using a voltmeter, connected in parallel across the component whose potential difference is
to be measured.

22. Draw and Explain the Magnetic Field Pattern Due to a Current-Carrying Solenoid

Magnetic Field Pattern: 1 Mark

A solenoid is a coil of insulated wire wound in the shape of a cylinder. When current flows through it,
the solenoid behaves like a bar magnet, creating a uniform magnetic field inside.

Field Lines: 1 Mark

The magnetic field lines are parallel and closely spaced inside the solenoid, indicating a strong,
uniform field. Outside, the field lines resemble those of a bar magnet.

Diagram: 1 Mark

(Include a labeled diagram showing the field lines inside and outside the solenoid.)

Section D: 4-Mark Questions

22.Explain with ray diagrams image formation by convex mirror. Mention it’s uses
1. Image Formation by a Convex Mirror with Ray Diagrams
Image Formation:

1. Case 1: Object at infinity – Image is formed at the focus, virtual, erect, and highly diminished.
 2. Case 2: Object at a finite distance – Image is formed between the pole and focus, virtual, erect,
and diminished.

Ray Diagram:

1. Include two diagrams: one for each case.

Uses:
2. Rear-view mirrors in vehicles.
3. Security mirrors in shops and parking lots.

23.Explain the refraction of light through a concave lens with a ray diagram
Refraction of Light Through a Concave Lens with Ray Diagram
Explanation:

5. A concave lens diverges light rays. The refracted rays appear to meet at a point on the same
side as the object, forming a virtual, erect, and diminished image.

Ray Diagram:

9. Include a labeled diagram showing parallel rays diverging and appearing to originate from the
focus.

24.What is Joule’s Law of Heating? Derive the formula for heat generated in a resistor
Joule’s Law of Heating
Statement: (2 Marks)
Heat produced (H) in a resistor is directly proportional to:

1. Square of the current (I2),

2. Resistance (R),
3. Time (t):

H=I2Rt
Derivation: (2 Marks)
Power, P=VI. Using V=IR, we get:
P=I2R
 10.Heat produced, H=P×t=I2Rt.

Describe the working of a electric filament bulb and electric fuse.

25.Working of an Electric Filament Bulb and Electric Fuse

1. Electric Filament Bulb (2 Marks)
The filament bulb works on the heating effect of electric current.

3. The filament is made of tungsten, which has a high melting point (approximately 3380°C).
4. When an electric current passes through the filament, it heats up and starts glowing, emitting
light.
5. The bulb is filled with inert gases like argon or nitrogen to prevent oxidation of the filament
and increase its lifespan.

2. Electric Fuse (2 Marks)

A fuse is a safety device designed to protect electrical appliances from damage due to excess
current.

4. It is made of a material with a low melting point, such as an alloy of tin and lead.
5. When the current exceeds the safe limit, the fuse wire heats up and melts, breaking the circuit.
6. This prevents damage to appliances and reduces the risk of fire.
7. After the fuse wire melts, it must be replaced with a new one.

26.Explain the process of accommodation of the human eye and describe the causes of
hypermetropia
5. Accommodation of the Human Eye and Causes of Hypermetropia
Accommodation of the Human Eye and Causes of Hypermetropia

1. Process of Accommodation (2 Marks)

6. Definition: Accommodation is the ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length to focus on
objects at varying distances.
 7. The ciliary muscles play a vital role in this process:
a. When viewing a distant object, the ciliary muscles relax, causing the lens to become
thinner, increasing its focal length.
b. When viewing a near object, the ciliary muscles contract, making the lens thicker,
decreasing its focal length.
8. This adjustment ensures that the image is always formed on the retina, providing a clear vision.

2. Causes of Hypermetropia (Farsightedness) (2 Marks)

8. Hypermetropia is a defect in which a person can see distant objects clearly but has difficulty
focusing on near objects.
9. Causes:
a. Shortened eyeball: The distance between the lens and the retina is reduced, causing the
image to form behind the retina.
b. Loss of elasticity in the lens: The lens becomes less flexible with age, reducing its
ability to focus on nearby objects.
10.Correction:
a. Hypermetropia is corrected using a convex lens, which converges the incoming light
rays before they enter the eye, forming the image on the retina.