PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32 5.

5. When a potential difference V is applied across a conductor at temperature T, the drift velocity
of the electrons is proportional to:
PRACTICE PAPER 03 (2024-25)
(a) T (b) T (c) V (d) V
CHAPTER 03 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
6. The resistances of two wires having same length and same area of cross-section are 2 Ω and 8 Ω
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40 respectively. If the resistivity of 2 Ω wire is 2.65 × 10–8 Ω-m then the resistivity of 8 Ω wire is:
CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs (a) 10.60 × 10–8 Ω-m (b) 8.32 × 10–8 Ω-m
(c) 7.61 × 10–8 Ω-m (d) 5.45 × 10–8 Ω-m
General Instructions:
(i). All questions are compulsory.
(ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
7. Two wires A and B, of the same material having length in the ratio 1 : 2 and diameter in the
(iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks ratio 2 : 3 are connected in series with a battery. The ratio of the potential differences (VA / VB)
each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5 across the two wires respectively is:
marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each. (a) 1/3 (b) 3/4 (c) 4/5 (d) 9/8
(iv). There is no overall choice.
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted 8. The given figure shows I – V graph of a copper wire whose length and area of cross-section are
L and A respectively. The slope of this curve becomes:
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. A current of 0.8 A flows in a conductor of 40 W for 1 minute. The heat produced in the
conductor will be
(a) 1445 J (b) 1536 J (c) 1569 J (d) 1640 J

2. In the figure given below, both switches S1 and S2 are closed. Then
(a) less if the length of the wire is increased.
(b) more if the length of the wire is increased.
(c) more if a wire of steel of same dimension is used.
(d) more if the temperature of wire is increased.

In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(a) L1 will be brighter than L2 or L3. (b) L1 will be dimmer than L2 or L3. (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) L1 will be as bright as L2 or L3. (d) none of the above. (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
3. Power Ps is dissipated through a series combination and power Pp is dissipated through the
9. Assertion (A): Kirchhoff’s junction rule is vaild for only three number of lines meeting at a
parallel combination of 3 equal resistors. The ratio of Pp to Ps is
point in an electrical circuit.
(a) 9 (b) 1/9 (c) 1 (d) 6
Reason (R): When there is a flow of varying current, then there is no accumulation of charge at
the junction.
4. In the circuit given below P ≠ R and the reading of the galvanometer is same with switch S open
or closed. Then:
10. Assertion (A): When a resistance of given material is cut into half, its resistance reduces to half
of its original value.
Reason (R): The resistivity of a conductor changes with dimensions, temperature and material of
conductor.

SECTION – B
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
11. Calculate the resistance across the points M and N in the given figure.

(a) IQ = IR (b) IR = IG (c) IP = IG (d) IQ = IG

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12. Wheatstone bridge method is considered unsuitable for the measurement of very low resistances. SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)
Why? Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
19. Heat produced by electric Current
13. A cell of emf ‘E’ and internal resistance ‘r’ is connected across a variable resistor ‘R’. Plot a
Whenever an electric current is passed through a conductor, it becomes hot after some time. The
graph showing variation of terminal voltage ‘V’ of the cell versus the current I. Using the plot,
phenomenon of the production of heat in a resistor by the flow of an electric current through it is
show how the emf of the cell and its internal resistance can be determined.
called heating effect of current or Joule heating. Thus, the electrical energy supplied by the
source of emf is converted into heat. In purely resistive circuit, the energy expended by the
14. Explain the term ‘drift velocity’ of electrons in a conductor. Hence obtain the expression for the
source entirely appears as heat. But if the circuit has an active element like a motor, then a part
current through a conductor in terms of ‘drift velocity’.
of the energy supplied by the source goes to do useful work and the rest appears as heat. Joule’s
law of heating form the basis of various electrical appliances such as electric bulb, electric
SECTION – C furnace, electric press etc.
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.

15. (a) Define the term ‘conductivity’ of a metallic wire. Write its SI unit.
(b) Using the concept of free electrons in a conductor, derive the expression for the conductivity
of a wire in terms of number density and relaxation time. Hence, obtain the relation between
current density and the applied electric field

16. Two heating elements of resistances R1 and R2 when operated at a constant supply of voltage, V,
consume powers P1 and P2 respectively. Deduce the expressions for the power of their
combination when they are, in turn, connected in (i) series and (ii) parallel across the same (i) Which of the following is a correct statement?
voltage supply. (a) Heat produced in a conductor is independent of the current flowing.
(b) Heat produced in a conductor varies inversely as the current flowing.
17. A battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 2 Ω is connected to a 4 Ω resistor as shown in the (c) Heat produced in a conductor varies directly as the square of the current flowing.
figure. (d) Heat produced in a conductor varies inversely as the square of the current flowing.
(a) Show that a voltmeter when placed across the cell and across the resistor, in turn, gives the
same reading. (ii) If the coil of a heater is cut to half, what would happen to heat produced?
(b) To record the voltage and the current in the circuit, why is voltmeter placed in parallel and (a) Doubled (b) Halved (c) Remains same (d) Becomes four times
ammeter in series in the circuit?
(iii) A 25 W and 100 W are joined in series and connected to the mains. Which bulbs will glow
brighter?
(a) 100 W (b) 25 W (c) both bulbs will glow brighter (d) none will glow brighter
OR
(iv) A rigid container with thermally insulated wall contains a coil of resistance 100 W, carrying
current 1 A. Change in its internal energy after 5 min will be
(a) 0 kJ (b) 10 kJ (c) 20 kJ (d) 30 kJ

(v) The heat emitted by a bulb of 100 W in 1 min is

SECTION – D (a) 100 J (b) 1000 J (c) 600 J (d) 6000 J
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.
20. When a conductor does not have a current through it, its conduction electrons move randomly,
with no net motion in any direction. When the current flows through the conductor, these
18. (a) State Kirchhoff's law for an electrical network. Using Kirchhoff ’s rules, obtain the balance electrons actually still move randomly, but now they tend to drift with the drift speed vd. The
condition in terms of the resistances of four arms of wheatstone bridge. drift speed is very less as compared to speeds in random thermal motion.
(b) Using Kirchhoff's laws, calculate the current flowing through 4 Ω, 1 Ω, and 2 Ω resistors in (i) A steady current I flows through a metallic conductor whose area of cross-section (A)
the circuit shown. increases continuously from one end to the other. The drift velocity of free electron (vd) as a
function of A will be:

(a) (b) (c) (d)

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 PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32
(ii) For Ohm’s law is obeyed, then what is the relation between electric field(E) and drift velocity
(vd)? PRACTICE PAPER 07 (2024-25)
(a) vd ∝ E2 CHAPTER 07 ALTERNATING CURRENT
(b) vd ∝ E
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40
(c) vd ∝ CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs
(d) vd ∝ General Instructions:
(i). All questions are compulsory.
(iii) When a current flows in a conductor, the order of magnitude of drift velocity of electrons (ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
through it is (iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
(a) 10–7 cm/s each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
(b) 10–2 cm/s marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each.
(c) 104 mm/s (iv). There is no overall choice.
(d) 0.5 mm/s (v). Use of Calculators is not permitted
SECTION – A
(iv) Two nichrome wires of equal lengths but having radii in the ratio 1 : 3 are connected in Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
series across an electric cell. The drift velocities of free electrons through them will be in the
ratio of 1. The figure shows variation of current (I) with time (t) in four devices P, Q, R and S. The device
(a) 3 : 1 in which an alternating current flows is
(b) 1 : 3 (a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S
(c) 4 : 9
(d) 9 : 1

2. An ac voltage v = v0 sint is applied to a series combination of a resistor R and an element X.

 
The instantaneous current in the circuit is I  I 0 sin  t   . Then which of the following is
 4
correct?
(a) X is a capacitor and XC = √2 R (b) X is an inductor and XL = R
(c) X is an inductor and XL = √2 R (d) X is a capacitor and XC = R

3. Which of the following graphs represent the variation of current (I) with frequency (f) in an AC
circuit containing a pure capacitor?

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4. An inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series across an ac source of voltage. If 12. An alternating voltage of frequency f is applied across a series LCR circuit. Let fr be the
the frequency of the source is decreased gradually the reactance of resonance frequency for the circuit. Will the current in the circuit lag, lead or remain in phase
(a) both the inductor and the capacitor decreases. with the applied voltage when (i) f > fr, (ii) f < fr ? Explain your answer in each case.
(b) inductor decreases and the capacitor increases. OR
(c) both the inductor and the capacitor increases. In a series LCR circuit, obtain the conditions under which (i) the impedance of the circuit is
(d) inductor increases and the capacitor decreases. minimum, and (ii) wattless current flows in the circuit.

5. If an AC voltage is applied to an LCR circuit, which of the following is true? 13. Draw the graphs showing the variations of (i) inductive reactance, and (ii) capacitive reactance,
(a) I and V are out of phase with each other in R. with frequency of applied voltages in ac circuit. How do the values of (i) inductive, and (ii)
(b) I and V are in phase in L while in C, they are out of phase. capacitive reactance change, when the frequency of applied voltage is tripled?
(c) I and V are out of phase in both C and L. OR
(d) I and V are out of phase in L and in phase in C. A light bulb and an open coil inductor are connected to an ac source through a key as shown in
the figure.
6. An ac circuit has a resistance of 12 ohm and an impedance of 15 ohm. The power factor of the
circuit will be
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.125 (d) 1.25

7. To reduce the resonant frequency in an LCR series circuit with a generator

(a) the generator frequency should be reduced.
(b) another capacitor should be added in parallel to the first.
(c) the iron core of the inductor should be removed. The switch is closed and after sometime, an iron rod is inserted into the interior of the inductor.
(d) dielectric in the capacitor should be removed. The glow of the light bulb (a) increases; (b) decreases; (c) is unchanged, as the iron rod is
inserted. Give your answer with reason. What will be your answer if ac source is replaced by a
8. If the frequency of an AC is made 4 times of its initial value, the inductive reactance will be: dc source?
(a) 2 times (b) 3 times (c) 4 times (d) Unchanged
14. The coil of an ac generator consists of 100 turns of wire, each of area 0.5m2. The resistance of
In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of the wire is 100 Ω. The coil is rotating in a magnetic field of 0.8 T perpendicular to its axis of
reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: rotation, at a constant angular speed of 60 radian per second. Calculate the maximum emf
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A). generated and power dissipated in the coil.
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. SECTION – C
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.
9. Assertion (A): The alternating current lags behind the emf by a phase angle of π/2, when AC
flows through an inductor. 15. (a) The graphs (i) and (ii) represent the variation of the opposition offered by the circuit element
Reason (R): The inductive reactance increase as the frequency of AC source decrease. to the flow of alternating current with frequency of the applied emf. Identify the circuit element
corresponding to each graph.
10. Assertion (A): In series LCR resonance circuit, the impedance is equal to the ohmic resistance.
Reason (R): At resonance, the inductive reactance exceeds the capacitive reactance.

SECTION – B
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
11. A capacitor C, a variable resistor R and a bulb B are connected in series to the ac mains in circuit (b) Write the expression for the impedance offered by the series combinations of the above two
as shown. The bulb glows with some brightness. How will the glow of the bulb change if (i) a elements connected across the ac. Which will be ahead in phase in this circuit, voltage or
dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of the capacitor, keeping resistance R to be the current?
same; (ii) the resistance R is increased keeping the same capacitance?
16. Show that the current leads the voltage in phase by π/2 in an ac circuit containing an ideal
capacitor.

17. The figure shows the graphical variation of the reactance of a capacitor with frequency of ac
source.
(a) Find the capacitance of the capacitor.

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 (b) An ideal inductor has the same reactance at 100 Hz frequency as the capacitor has at the same (b) VRm = imR, VLm ≠ im XL, VCm = im XC
frequency. Find the value of inductance of the inductor. (c) VRm = im XC, VLm = im R, VCm = im XL
(c) Draw the graph showing the variation of the reactance of this inductor with frequency. (d) None of these

(ii) I is the current in the circuit and VR, VL and VC represent the voltage across circuit. What is
the phase difference between I and VL?
(a) VL is parallel to I (b) VL and I in same line

(c) VC is ahead of I by (d) None of the above
2

(iii) How does the phase angle f depends on VC and VL?

(a) tan ϕ = VCm + VLm (b) tan ϕ = VCm – VLm
(c) tan ϕ ≠ VCm (d) None of the above

(iv) The phenomena of resonance occurs. When system

(a) oscillates at certain frequency. (b) is having L and C.
OR (c) is having R and L only. (d) none of the above.
250
A resistor of 30 Ω and a capacitor of μF are connected in series to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac source. OR
 (iv) What is the condition for minimum impedance?
Calculate (i) the current in the circuit, and (ii) voltage drops across the resistor and the capacitor (a) XC = XL (b) XC ≠ XL (c) XC = XR (d) XC ≠ XR
(iii) Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source voltage? If yes, solve the
paradox. 20. Power Associated with LCR Circuit:
In an a.c. circuit, values of voltage and current change every instant. Therefore, power of an a.c.
SECTION – D circuit at any instant is the product of instantaneous voltage (E) and instantaneous current (I).
Questions 18 carry 5 marks. The average power supplied to a pure resistance R over a complete cycle of a.c. is P = EvIv.
When circuit is inductive, average power per cycle is EvIvcosφ.
18. (a) With the help of a labelled diagram, describe briefly the underlying principle and working of
a step-up transformer.
(b) Write any two sources of energy loss in a transformer.
(c) A step-up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage. Does it violate
law of conservation of energy? Explain.
OR
Describe briefly, with the help of a labelled diagram, the basic elements of an ac generator.
State its underlying principle. Show diagrammatically how an alternating emf is generated by a
loop of wire rotating in a magnetic field. Write the expression for the instantaneous value of the In an a.c. circuit, 600 mH inductor and a 50 F capacitor are connected in series with 10 Ω
emf induced in the rotating loop. resistance. The a.c. supply to the circuit is 230 V, 60 Hz.

SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions) (i) The average power transferred per cycle to resistance is
Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each. (a) 10.42 W (b) 15.25 W (c) 17.42 W (d) 13.45 W
19. LCR circuit:
(ii) The average power transferred per cycle to capacitor is
Phasor technique is used to determine the amplitude and phase of current for an LCR series
circuit. The solution at v = 0 is called the transient solution. Impedance diagram can be made for (a) zero (b) 10.42 W (c) 17.42 W (d) 15 W
LCR circuit which is a right angle triangle. The AC curent in each elements of LCR is same at
(iii) The average power transferred per cycle to inductor is
any time having same amplitude and phase. i = im sin (t + φ).
(a) 25 W (b) 17.42 W (c) 16.52 W (d) zero

(iv) The total power transferred per cycle by all the three circuit elements is
(a) 17.42 W (b) 10.45 W (c) 12.45 W (d) zero
OR
(iv) The electrical energy spend in running the circuit for one hour is
(a) 7.5 × 105 Joule (b) 10 × 103 Joule (c) 9.4 × 103 Joule (d) 6.2 × 104 Joule

(i) What will be the length of the phasor in LCR circuit?

(a) VRm = imR, VLm = im XL, VCm = im XC

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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32 7
Ans. (d) , into the plane of the paper
PRACTICE PAPER 04 (2024-25) 16
CHAPTER 04 MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM 3. An electron is projected with velocity v along the axis of a current carrying long solenoid. Which
(ANSWERS) one of the following statements is true?
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40 (a) The path of the electron will be circular about the axis.
CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs (b) The electron will be accelerated along the axis.
(c) The path of the electron will be helical.
General Instructions: (d) The electron will continue to move with the same velocity v along the axis of the solenoid.
(i). All questions are compulsory.
Ans. (d) The electron will continue to move with the same velocity v along the axis of the
(ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
solenoid.
(iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each. 4. Three long, straight parallel wires, carrying current are arranged as shown in the figure. The
(iv). There is no overall choice. force experienced by a 25 cm length of wire C is
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. Two charged particles each carrying same charge q, but of different masses mp and mq enter the
magnetic field B with speed Vp and Vq respectively.

(a) 10–3 N (b) 2.5 × 10–3 N (c) zero (d) 1.5 × 103 N
Ans. (c) zero
Force of repulsion by wire D and G on wire C is equal and opposite.

For the trajectories followed by P and Q as shown, which of the following condition is true? 5. What is the net force on the rectangular coil?
(a) mpVp > mqVq (b) mpVp < mqVq (c) mpVp = mqVq (d) mp = mq and Vp = Vq
Ans. (a) mpVp > mqVq
Radius of the trajectory followed by a moving charged particle in a magnetic field is r = mv/qB,
that is, the radius of the path followed is directly proportional to the momentum (mv) of the
charged particle. So more the momentum of the charged particle, greater is the radius of the path
followed.

2. A current I is flowing through the loop as shown in the figure (MA = R, MB = 2R). The
I
magnetic field at the centre of the loop is 0 times:
R (a) 25 × 10–7 N towards wire. (b) 25 × 10–7 N away from wire.
(c) 35 × 10–7 N towards wire. (d) 35 × 10–7 N away from wire.
Ans. (a) 25 × 10–7 N towards wire.

6. A rectangular loop carrying a current i is situated near a long straight wire such that the wire is
parallel to the one of the sides of the loop and is in the plane of the loop. If a steady current I is
5 5
(a) , into the plane of the paper (b) , out of the plane of the paper established in wire as shown in figure, the loop will
16 16
7 7
(c) , out of the plane of the paper (d) , into the plane of the paper
16 16

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 For an infinitely long current carrying conductor,
I
B= 0
2 a
where, a is the perpendicular distance from the wire. Then,
B ∝ 1/a
So, the magnitude of the magnetic field will be same at all points located at the same distance
from the current carrying conductor.

SECTION – B
(a) rotate about an axis parallel to the wire. Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
(b) move away from the wire or towards right.
(c) move towards the wire. 11. (i) Write the expression for the magnetic force acting on a charged particle moving with velocity
(d) remain stationary. v in the presence of magnetic field B.
Ans. (c) move towards the wire. (ii) A neutron, an electron and an alpha particle moving with equal velocities, enter a uniform
magnetic field going into the plane of the paper as shown. Trace their paths in the field and
7. An electron is projected with uniform velocity along the axis of a current carrying long solenoid. justify your answer
Which of the following is true?
(a) The electron will be accelerated along the axis.
(b) The electron path will be circular about the axis.
(c) The electron will experience a force at 45° to the axis and hence execute a helical path.
(d) The electron will continue to move with uniform velocity along the axis of the solenoid.
Ans. (d) The electron will continue to move with uniform velocity along the axis of the solenoid.
F = –evB sin 180° = 0 (i.e 0= 0°or 180° in both cases F = 0). The electron will continue to
move with uniform velocity or will go undeflected along the axis of the solenoid.
  
8. A current carrying closed loop of an irregular shape lying in more than one plane when placed in Ans. (i) F  q(v  B )
uniform magnetic field, the force acting on it (ii) Force on alpha particle and electron are opposite to each other, magnitude of mass per charge
(a) will be more in the plane where its larger position is covered.  m
(b) is zero. ratio of alpha particle is more than electron  i.e., r   hence radius of alpha particle is more
(c) is infinite.  q
(d) may or may not be zero. than radius of electron.
Ans. (b) is zero.
A current carrying closed loop of any shape when placed in a uniform magnetic field does not
experience any force.

In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
12. Define the current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer. “Increasing the current sensitivity
9. Assertion (A): Ampere’s circuital law is not independent of the Biot-Savart law. may not necessarily increase the voltage sensitivity.” Justify this statement.
Reason (R): Ampere’s circuital law can be derived from Biot-Savart law. Ans. Current Sensitivity: It is defined as the deflection produced in a coil per unit current passed
Ans. (a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion. through it.
Ampere's circuital law can be derived from Biot-Savart law and is not independent of Biot-
Savart law.

10. Assertion (A): The magnetic lines of force of a straight current carrying conductor are
concentric circles with the wire at the centre and in a plane perpendicular to the wire.
Reason (R): If the current flows upwards, he lines of force have anticlockwise direction and if
the current flows downwards, then the lines of force have clockwise direction. i.e. if the current sensitivity is doubled, say by doubling the number of turns, then the voltage
sensitivity may not be increased because it will increase the resistance of the galvanometer and
Ans. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion. the voltage sensitivity may remain the same.

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13. A circular coil of N turns and radius R carries a current I. It is unwound and rewound to make (iii) Derive the expression for the radius of the circular path of the β-particle in region II.
another coil of radius R/2, current I remaining the same. Calculate the ratio of the magnetic Ans. (i) According to the Fleming's-left hand rule, the magnetic field acts perpendicular to the
moments of the new coil and the original coil. plane of paper and is directed inwards.
Ans. Magnetic moment of the coil having N turns and radius R carrying current I is (ii) In region I, As the beam goes undeflected, the magnitude of electrostatic force is equal to the
magnitude of magnetic force.
As the length of the wire making the coil remains same on reducing the radius to R/2, the
number of turns increases to 2 N.
On passing the same amount of current, magnetic moment is

(iii) In region II,

The magnetic field provides a centripetal force.

14. Two identical circular loops, P and Q, each of radius r and carrying currents I and 2I respectively
are lying in parallel planes such that they have a common axis.

16. Deduce the expression for the magnetic dipole moment of an electron orbiting around the central
nucleus.
Ans.

The direction of current in both the loops is clockwise as seen from O which is equidistant from
both loops. Find the magnitude of the net magnetic field at point O.
Ans.

SECTION – C
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.

15. A fine pencil of β-particles, moving with a speed v, enters a region (reigon I), where a uniform
electric field and a uniform magnetic field both are present. These β-particles then move into
region II, where only the magnetic field, (out of the two fields present in region I) exists. The
path of the β-particles, in the two regions is as shown in the figure.

17. A cell of emf ε and internal resistance r is connected across a variable load resistor R. Draw the
plots of the terminal voltage V versus (i) R and (ii) the current I. It is found that when R = 4 Ω,
the current is 1 A and when R is increased to 9 Ω, the current reduces to 0.5 A. Find the values of
the emf ε and internal resistance r.
Ans.
(i) State the direction of the magnetic field.
(ii) State the relation between E and B in region I.

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 Given: R1 = 4 Ω, I1 = 1 A, R2 = 9 Ω, I2 = 0.5 A

⇒ e = I(R + r)
e = 1 × (4 + r) = 4 + r ...(i)
When R is increased then
e = 0.5(9 + r) = 4.5 + 0.5 r ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
4 + r = 4.5 + 0.5 r
⇒ 0.5r = 0.5 ⇒ r = 1 W
e = 1 × (4 + 1) = 5 V

SECTION – D
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.

18. (a) State Biot-Savart’s law and express this law in the vector form.
(b) Two identical circular coils, P and Q each of radius R, carrying currents 1 A and √3 A
respectively, are placed concentrically and perpendicular to each other lying in the XY and YZ
planes. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at the centre of the coils. SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
19. Helical Motion
The path of a charged particle in magnetic field depends upon angle between velocity and
magnetic field. 
If velocity v is at angle q to B , component of velocity parallel to magnetic field (v cosθ) remains
constant and component of velocity perpendicular to magnetic field (v sinθ) is responsible for
circular motion, thus the charge particle moves in a helical path.

Ans. (a) Biot-Savart law states that the magnitude of the magnetic field dB at any point due to a
small current element dl is given by

where I is the magnitude of current, dl is the length of element, θ is the angle between the length
of element and the line joining the element to the point of observation, and r is the distance of the
point from the element.

The plane of the circle is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the axis of the helix is parallel
In vector notation,   to the magnetic field. The charged particle moves along helical path touching the line parallel to
Its SI unit is tesla. Its direction is perpendicular to the plane in which dl and r lie. the magnetic field passing through the starting point after each rotation.

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 Radius of circular path is r = mvsin-θ/qB
Hence the resultant path of the charged particle will be a helix, with its axis along the direction 20. Torque on a Rectangular Loop Placed in Uniform Magnetic Field
of B as shown in figure. When a rectangular loop PQRS of sides  ‘a’ and ‘b’ carrying current I is placed in uniform
(i) When a positively charged particle enters into a uniform magnetic field with uniform velocity, magnetic field B, such that area vector A makes an angle θ with direction of magnetic field, then
its trajectory can be forces on the arms QR and SP of loop are equal, opposite and collinear, thereby perfectly cancel
(i) a straight line (ii) a circle (iii) a helix. each other, whereas forces on the arms PQ and RS of loop are equal and opposite but not
(a) (i) only (b) (i) or (ii) (c) (i) or (iii) (d) any one of (i), (ii) and (iii) collinear, so they give rise to torque on the loop.

(ii) Two charged particles A and B having the same charge, mass and speed enter into a magnetic
field in such a way that the initial path of A makes an angle of 30° and that of B makes an angle
of 90° with the field. Then the trajectory of
(a) B will have smaller radius of curvature than that of A
(b) both will have the same curvature
(c) A will have smaller radius of curvature than that of B
(d) both will move along the direction of their original velocities.

(iii) An electron having momentum 2.4 × 10–23 kg m/s enters a region of uniform magnetic field
of 0.15 T. The field vector makes an angle of 30° with the initial velocity vector of the electron.
The radius of the helical path of the electron in the field shall be
(a) 2 mm (b) 1 mm (c) √3/2 mm (d) 0.5 mm

(iv) The magnetic field in a certain region of space is given by B = 8.35  102 i T. A proton is Force on side PQ or RS of loop is F = IbB sin 90° = Ib B and perpendicular distance between
 5 5 two non-collinear forces is r⊥ = a sinθ
shot into the field with velocity v = (2 10 i  4 10 j ) m/s. The proton follows a helical path in So, torque on the loop, t = IAB
the field. The distance moved by proton in the x-direction during the period of one revolution in  sinθ

In vector form torque,   M  B
the yz-plane will be  
(Mass of proton = 1.67 × 10–27 kg) Where M  NI A is called magnetic dipole moment of current loop and is directed in direction of

(a) 0.053 m (b) 0.136 m (c) 0.157 m (d) 0.236 m area vector A i.e., normal to the plane of loop.
Ans. (i) A circular loop of area 1 cm2, carrying a current of 10 A is placed in a magnetic field of 0.1 T
perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The torque on the loop due to the magnetic field is
(a) zero (b) 10–4 N m (c) 10–2 N m (d) 1 N m

(ii) Relation between magnetic moment and angular velocity is

(a) M ∝  (b) M ∝ 2 (c) M ∝ √ (d) none of these

(iii) A current loop in a magnetic field

(a) can be in equilibrium in two orientations, both the equilibrium states are unstable
(b) can be in equilibrium in two orientations, one stable while the other is unstable
(c) experiences a torque whether the field is uniform or non uniform in all orientations
(d) can be in equilibrium in one orientation.

(iv) The magnetic moment of a current I carrying circular coil of radius r and number of turns N
varies as
(a) 1/r2 (b) 1/r (c) r (d) r2
Ans.

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 PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32
PRACTICE PAPER 01 (2024-25)
CHAPTER 01 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40
CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs
General Instructions:
(i). All questions are compulsory.
(ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
(iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each.
(iv). There is no overall choice.
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. Which of the following graphs shows the variation of electric field E due to a hollow spherical
conductor of radius R as a function of distance from the centre of the sphere?

Ans: (a)
Electric field due to a hollow spherical conductor is governed by equations
E = 0, for r < R ...(i) and
E = Q/4πε0r2 for r ≥ R ....(ii)
i.e. inside the conductor, electric field will be zero and outside the conductor it will vary
according to E ∝ 1/r2.

2. An electric dipole of moment p is placed in the position of stable equilibrium in uniform electric
field of intensity E. It is rotated through an angle θ from the initial position. The potential energy
of electric dipole in the final position is
(a) pE cos θ (b) pE sin θ (c) pE(1 − cos θ) (d) −pE cos θ
Ans: (d) −pE cos θ

3. ABC is an equilateral triangle. Three charges +q are placed at each corner. The electric intensity
at O will be

(a) 1. q/4πε0 . r2 (b) 1. q/4πε0r (c) Zero (d) 1. 3q/4πε0r2

Ans: (c)

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 electric field opposite to displacement will push back the charge towards the centre of the ring if
the charge is positive. If charge is negative, it will experience net force in the direction of
displacement and the charge will continue moving till it hits the ring. Also this negative charge is
in an unstable equilibrium.

7. Two similar spheres having +Q and −Q charges are kept at a certain distance. F force acts
between the two. If at the middle of two spheres, another similar sphere having +Q charge is
4. Four charges are arranged at the corners of a square ABCD, as shown. The force on the charge kept, then it experiences a force in magnitude and direction as
kept at the centre O is (a) zero having no direction. (b) 8F towards +Q charge.
(c) 8F towards −Q charge. (d) 4F towards +Q charge.
Ans: (c) 8F towards −Q charge.

(a) zero (b) along the diagonal AC

(c) along the diagonal BD (d) perpendicular to side AB
Ans: (c) along the diagonal BD
Place a unit positive charge at O. Resultant force due to the charges placed at A and C is zero
and resultant charge due to B and D is towards D along the diagonal BD.

5. Figure shows electric field lines in which an electric dipole p is placed as shown. Which of the
following statements is correct?

8. A charge Q is divided into two parts of q and Q − q. If the coulomb repulsion between them
when they are separated is to be maximum, the ratio of Q:q should be
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 4
(a) The dipole will not experience any force. Ans: (a) 2 : 1
(b) The dipole will experience a force towards right. Let separation between two parts be r, then F = k.q(Q − q)/r , For F to be maximum dF/dq = 0
2

(c) The dipole will experience a force towards left. then Q/q = 2/1 = 2 : 1
(d) The dipole will experience a force upwards.
Ans: (c) The dipole will experience a force towards left. In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
6. A positive charge Q is uniformly distributed along a circular ring of radius R. A small test charge (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
q is placed at the centre of the ring. (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Which of the following statement is not correct? (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
9. Assertion (A): In the given figure q1 is positive and q2 is negative.
Reason (R): Electric field lines emerge from positive and terminate at negative charge.

(a) If q > 0 and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring, it will be pushed back
towards the centre.
(b) If q < 0 and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring, it will never return to
the centre and will continue moving till it hits the ring. Ans: (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
(c) If q < 0, it will perform SHM for small displacement along the axis.
(d) q at the centre of the ring is in an unstable equilibrium within the plane of the ring for q > 0. 10. Assertion (A): An electric dipole is placed in an electric field antiparallel to it. If it is displaced
Ans: (c) If q < 0, it will perform SHM for small displacement along the axis. then it will come back to initial position.
The charge is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring. There will be net Reason (R): Dipole is in stable equilibrium.

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 Ans: (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

SECTION – B
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
11. S1 and S2 are two hollow concentric spheres enclosing charge Q and 2Q respectively as shown in
figure.
(i) What is the ratio of the electric flux through S1 and S2?
(ii) How will the electric flux through the sphere S1 change, if a medium of dielectric constant 5
is introduced in the space inside S1 in place of air?

14. A small metal sphere carrying the charge +Q is located at the centre of a spherical cavity in a
large uncharged metal sphere
as shown in the figure.
Use the Gauss’s theorem to find the electric flux at points P1 and P2.

Ans: (i) According to the Gauss’s law, electric flux (Φ) is given by

Ans:
Let us draw a Gaussian sphere of radius r, passing through point P1, then net electric flux
through the sphere
(ii) When a medium of dielectric constant K = 5 is introduced inside S1, then the electric flux
through S1

1
i.e. the flux will be reduced to th of its initial value.
5

12. Define electric flux. Write its SI units. A spherical rubber balloon carries a charge that is
uniformly distributed over its surface. As the balloon is blown up and increases in size, how does
the total electric flux coming out of the surface change? Give reason.
Ans: The total number of electric lines of force passing through a given area normally is called
electric flux through that area.
Now, we draw another Gaussian sphere of radius r2 passing through point P2.
As we can see, –Q charge will be induced on the inner side of the cavity of metal sphere.
2 –1
Its SI unit is N m C . Net electric charge enclosed = Q – Q = 0
As electric flux does not depend upon the shape and size of the closed surface. The electric flux
coming out of the surface will remain same as long as the charge enclosed by it remains same.

13. The figure given below shows a uniformly charged non-conducting rod. What is the direction of SECTION – C
electric field at point P due to the charge on the rod? Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.

15. Define the term ‘electric dipole moment’. Is it a scalar or vector?

Deduce an expression for the electric field at a point on the equatorial plane of an electric dipole
of length 2a.
Ans: Electric

dipole moment

is a measurement of the strength of electric dipole. It is given
by p  q (2a) cm where p is the electric dipole moment and 2a is the separation between the
charges. It is a vector quantity directed from negative to positive charge on the line joining them.
Let the dipole be made of two equal and opposite charges +q and –q, separated by 2a. Consider a
Ans: From the figure, we see that x-axis components of electric field due to upper and lower
halves of the rod will get cancelled out. Therefore, net electric field will be in – y-axis.

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 point P at a distance r from the mid-point. 17. Three charges Q1, Q2 and Q3 are placed inside and outside a closed Gaussian surface as shown in
 kq the figure.
Field at P due to each charge will be of equal magnitude E  q  pointing as shown.
(r 2  a 2 )

Answer the following:

(a) Which charges contribute to the electric field at any point on the Gaussian surface?
(b) Which charges contribute to the net flux through this surface?
(c) If Q1 = –Q2, will electric field on the surface be zero?
Resolving electric fields due to two charges. We can see that Y-axis components get cancelled Ans: (a) All three charges Q1, Q2 and Q3 will contribute to the electric field.
out. (b) Only the enclosed charges, i.e. Q1 and Q2.
(c) No, the electric field will exist on the surface.

SECTION – D
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.
18. (a) State Gauss’s law. Use it to deduce the expression for the electric field due to a uniformly
charged thin spherical shell at points (i) inside and (ii) outside the shell.
(b) Two identical metallic spheres A and B having charges +4Q and –10Q are kept a certain
distance apart. A third identical uncharged sphere C is first placed in contact with sphere A and
then with sphere B.
Spheres A and B are then brought in contact and then separated. Find the charges on the
spheres A and B.
16. (a) A point charge (+Q) is kept in the vicinity of uncharged conducting plate. Sketch electric
1
field lines between the charge and the plate. Ans: (a) Gauss’s Law states that the net outward flux through any closed surface is equal to
(b) Two infinitely large plane thin parallel sheets having surface charge densities σ1 and σ2 (σ1 > 0
σ2) are shown in the figure. Write the magnitudes and directions of net fields in the regions times the charge enclosed by the closed surface.
marked II and III. (i) When the point P is inside the shell.
In this case, the Gaussian surface lies inside the spherical shell and hence no charge is enclosed
by it.

Ans: (a) The lines of force due to a positive charge placed near a metal plate are as shown in the
figure.

or E = 0, i.e. there is no electric field inside a charged spherical shell.

(ii) When the point P lies outside the shell

Consider a spherical shell of radius R having charge Q. To find the electric intensity at a
point P at a distance r2 from the centre of the spherical shell imagine a spherical Gaussian
surface
 of radius r
2 to be drawn around the charged shell. At every point of this shell,

the E vector and ds vector are directed outwards in the same direction, i.e. θ = 0.

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 (d) 50 × 10+28 N-m

(ii) What is the value of electric field at the centre of the electric dipole?
(a) It is twice the electric field due to one charge at centre.
(b) It is thrice the electric field due to one charge at centre.
(c) It is half the electric field due to one charge at centre.
(d) Zero.

(iii) What is the value of electric dipole moment calculated with the help of given graph?
(a) 2.25 × 10–28 Cm
(b) 2.5 × 10–29 Cm
(c) 1.25 × 10–28 Cm
(d) 2.5 × 10–29 Cm
(iv) Two charge 20 C and –20 C are separated from each other by a distance of 2 cm. Then what
Initial charge on the sphere A = + 4 Q is the magnitude of electric dipole moment
Initial charge on the sphere B = – 10 Q (a) 0
Since, all the three spheres are identical, they have the same capacity. When (b) 0.2 cm
uncharged sphere C is placed in contact with A, the total charge is (c) 0.4 cm
equally shared between them. (d) 0.8 cm
04 OR
∴ Charge on C after contact with A = Q  2Q (iv) An electric dipole of dipole moment P is placed in an electric field E. The torque exerted by
2
and charge on A after contact with C = 2 Q. the field on the dipole is:
When sphere C carrying a charge 2 C is placed in contact with B, again charges are equally (a) Parallel to both the field and the dipole moment.
(b) Perpendicular to both the field and the dipole moment.
shared between C and B.
(c) Parallel to the field and perpendicular to the dipole moment.
2  10
Charge on C after it is in contact with B = Q  4Q (d) Parallel to dipole moment and perpendicular to the field.
2 Ans: (i) (c)
Now, when sphere A with a charge of 2 Q is placed in contact with B, with (ii) (a)
charge – 4 Q. (iii) (c)
24 (iv) (c) p = q(2l)
Charge on A = =–Q
2 = 20 × 2 × 10–2
and Charge on B = – 1 Q = 40 × 10–2 = 0.4 cm
OR
SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions) (iv) (b)
Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
20. In electrostatics, electric flux is the measure of the electric field through a given surface,
19. An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charge separated by a small distance. When
although an electric field in itself cannot flow. It is a way of describing the electric field strength
an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field, it experiences a torque but no force.
at any distance from the charge causing the field. Now, consider a cube of each edge 0.30 m is
Consider an electric dipole of dipole moment ‘P’ is placed in an electric field of magnitude 40
N/C. A graph for torque experienced by a dipole versus its angular position with respect to placed with its one corner at the origin. The cube is placed in a non-uniform electric field.
electric field is shown below.

(i) What is the torque when the dipole is placed perpendicular to the electric field?
(a) 5 × 1028 N-m
(b) 5 × 10–28 N-m
(c) 50 × 10–28 N-m

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 (i) The surfaces that have zero electric flux are
(a) S1 and S2
(b) S1 and S6
(c) S2 and S4
(d) S1 and S3

(ii) Electric flux passing through surface S1 is

(a) –0.27 Nm2C–1
(b) 0.27 Nm2C–1
(c) –0.18 Nm2C–1
(d) –0.18 Nm2C–1

(iii)Electric flux passing through surface S4 is

(a) –0.18 Nm2C–1
(b) +0.18 Nm2C–1
(c) +0.27 Nm2C–1
(d) zero
(iv) Total net flux passing through the cube if N/C
(a) zero
(b) –0.18 Nm2C–1
(c) 0.18 Nm2C–1
(d) 0.27 Nm2C–1
OR
(iv) Total charge enclosed inside the cube is
(a) 0
(b) –1.62 pC
(c) +1.62 pC
(d) 2.4 pC
Ans:

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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32 3. There are two coils A and B as shown in Figure. A current starts flowing in B as shown, when A
is moved towards B and stops when A stops moving. The current in A is counterclockwise. B is
PRACTICE PAPER 06 (2024-25) kept stationary when A moves. We can infer that
CHAPTER 06 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40
CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs (a) there is a constant current in the clockwise direction in A.
(b) there is a varying current in A.
General Instructions:
(c) there is no current in A.
(i). All questions are compulsory.
(ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E. (d) there is a constant current in the counterclockwise direction in A.
(iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks Ans. (d) there is a constant current in the counterclockwise direction in A.
each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5 4. When current in a coil changes from 5 A to 2 A in 0.1 s, average voltage of 50 V is produced.
marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each. The selfinductance of the coil is
(iv). There is no overall choice. (a) 1.67 H (b) 6 H (c) 3 H (d) 0.67 H
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted Ans. (a) 1.67 H
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. Figure shows a rectangular conductor PSRQ in which movable arm PQ has a resistance ‘r and
resistance of PSRQ is negligible. The magnitude of emf induced when PQ is moved with a
velocity v does not depend on 5. A coil of 100 turns carries a current of 5 mA and creates a magnetic flux of 10–5 weber. The
inductance is
(a) 0.2 mH (b) 2.0 mH (c) 0.02 mH (d) 0.002 H
Ans. (c) 0.02 mH

6. The current flows from A to B is as shown in the figure. The direction of the induced current in
the loop is

  (a) clockwise. (b) anticlockwise. (c) straight line. (d) no induced e.m.f. produced.
(a) magnetic field B (b) velocity field v (c) resistance (r) (d) length of PQ Ans. (a) clockwise.
Ans. (c) resistance (r) By lenz’s law, the induced current must produce inward flux to counter magnetic flux of AB. So
2. A cylindrical bar magnet is rotated about its axis (Figure). A wire is connected from the axis and induced current is clockwise in the loop.
is made to touch the cylindrical surface through a contact. Then 7. The self-inductance L of a solenoid of length l and area of cross-section A, with a fixed number
of turns N increases as
(a) l and A increase. (b) l decreases and A increases.
(c) l increases and A decreases. (d) both l and A decrease.
Ans. (b) l decreases and A increases.
8. In a coil of resistance 10 π, the induced current developed by changing magnitude of change in
flux through the coil is weber is

(a) a direct current flows in the ammeter A.

(b) no current flows through the ammeter A.(c) an alternating sinusoidal current flows through
2
the ammeter A with a time period T = .

(d) a time varying non-sinosoidal current flows through the ammeter A.
Ans. (a) a direct current flows in the ammeter A. (a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 4

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 Ans. (b) 2

In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A). Ans. (i) A magnet is moving towards the coil. Magnetic flux increases non-uniformly because
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A). the motion of the magnet is accelerated, an emf is induced. It increases, till the magnet reaches
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. just above the coil. At this point, the emf attains its peak value.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. While the magnet moves through the coil, the magnetic flux starts decreasing. With the flux, the
induced emf also decreases and emf reduces to zero. Now, the magnet starts withdrawing itself
9. Assertion (A): In the given figure the induced emf across the ends of the rod is zero. from the coil. During this period, the magnetic flux again increases through the coil. Thus, the
emf induced also increases, but this time opposite in the direction. The induced emf attains its
maximum value, the moment magnet just comes out of the coil. After this, the magnet moves
away from the coil. Thus, the magnetic flux through the coil decreases. The emf in the coil starts
decreasing till it is reduced to zero.
(ii) The relative speed of recession of the magnet from the coil is more than the relative speed of
approach of the magnet towards the coil. This is the reason why the negative peak is longer than
Reason (R): Motional emf is given by e = Bvl sin θ the positive peak.
Ans. (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A). 13. A square loop MNOP of side 20 cm is placed horizontally in a uniform magnetic field acting
vertically downwards as shown in the figure. The loop is pulled with a constant velocity of 20
10. Assertion (A): Mutual induction is the phenomenon in which the emf is induced in the coil due cms–1 till it goes out of the field.
to change in magnetic flux it.
Reason (R): It follows law of conservation of energy.
Ans. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

SECTION – B
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
11. The given figure shows an inductor L and resistor R connected in parallel to a battery B through
a switch S. The resistance of R is the same as that of the coil that makes L. Two identical
bulbs, P and Q are put in each arm of the circuit as shown in the figure. When S is closed, which (i) Depict the direction of the induced current in the loop as it goes out of the field. For how long
of the two bulbs will light up earlier? Justify your answer. would the current in the loop persist?
(ii) Plot a graph showing the variation of magnetic flux and induced emf as a function of time.
Ans. (i) Clockwise MNOP.
v = 20 cm/s; d = 20 cm
d 20
Time taken by the loop to move out of magnetic field, t =   1sec
v 20
Induced current will last for 1 second till the length 20 cm moves out of the field.
(ii)
Ans. When switch S is closed, bulb P will light up earlier. Bulb P is connected in series with a
resistor. So, the current in bulb P will instantly rise to its steady value. On the other hand,
bulb Q is in series with an inductor. On closing the switch S, current in bulb Q will grow
exponentially to its steady value which will be the same as for bulb P. This is due to the
production of induced emf in the inductor. However, the steady state value of current will be the
same in both the bulbs.
12. A bar magnet M is dropped so that it falls vertically through the coil C. The graph obtained for
voltage produced across the coil vs time is shown in figure (b).
(i) Explain the shape of the graph.
(ii) Why is the negative peak longer than the positive peak?

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 Consider a free charge q, in the conductor moving with speed v in the magnetic field. Lorentz
14. The figure shows the variation of induced emf as a function of rate of change of current for two force will act on the charge towards end Q of the conductor.
identical solenoids X and Y. One is air cored and the other is iron cored. Which one of them is Its magnitude is given by
iron cored? why? = (∵ θ = 90°)
Work done in moving the charge from to , =
Since, emf is the work done per unit charge, = / =
(ii) Force required to move the rod, =
When = / = / then, = 2 2 /
(iii) The direction of induced current is determined by Faraday’s right hand rule. It is from P to
Q.

17. Figure shows a rectangular loop conducting PQRS in which the arm PQ is free to move. A
 uniform magnetic field acts in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Arm PQ is
Ans. From the graph, slope = L moved with a velocity v towards the arm RS. Assuming that the arms QR, RS and SP have
dI
negligible resistances and the moving arm PQ has the resistance r, obtain the expression for (i)
dt
the current in the loop (ii) the force and (iii) the power required to move arm PQ.
Slope of X is more than that of Y. Hence X is iron-cored because inductance of iron cored coil is
more than that of air-cored coil.

SECTION – C
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.

15. State Lenz’s Law. Does it violate the principle of conservation of energy. Justify your answer.
Ans. (i) An emf induced at the ends of the arm is =
Ans. Lenz’s Law: The current induced in a circuit always flows in such a direction that it
(where is the length of the arm )
opposes the change or the cause that produces it.
Blv
d So, the current in the loop, =
Mathematically,    R
dt
(ii) The current flows through the arm . A current-carrying wire experiences a force in the
magnetic field.
No, it does not violate the principle of conservation of energy.
   2
Bl v2
∴ | F || I (l  B) | BIl sin 900 
R
B 2l 2 v 2
(iii) Power dissipated, = Fv 
R
Justification: Lenz’s law complies with the principle of conservation of energy. For example,
when the N-pole of a bar magnet is pushed into a coil as shown, the direction of induced current
OR
in the coil will be such that the end 2 of the coil will act as N-pole. Thus, work has to be done
State Faraday’s laws for electromagnetic induction. Two concentric magnetic coils P and Q are
against the magnetic repulsive force to push the magnet into the coil. The electrical energy
placed mutually perpendicular as shown in figure. When current is changed in any one coil, will
produced in the coil is at the expense of this work done.
the current induce in another coil, will the current induce in another coil? Justify your answer.
16. A conducting rod, PQ, of length l, connected to a resistor R, is moved at a uniform speed, v,
normal to a uniform magnetic field, B, as shown in the figure.

Ans. Faraday’s laws:

(i) Deduce the expression for the emf induced in the conductor. (i) Whenever there is a change in the magnetic flux linked with a circuit, an induced emf is set up
(ii) Find the force required to move the rod in the magnetic field. in it and lasts as long as the magnetic flux linked with it is changing.
(iii) Mark the direction of induced current in the conductor. (ii) The magnitude of the induced emf ε in a circuit is directly proportional to the rate of change
Ans. (i) Expression for the emf induced in the conductor d
When the conductor PQ moves through the magnetic field, free charge carriers of the conductor of magnetic flux linked with the circuit. i. e.   
dt
experience a Lorentz force. No, because if current flowing in ‘P’, magnetic flux of ‘P’ will be parallel to the surface of coil
‘Q’ and vice-versa. Hence no current will induce in another coil.
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 From equations (iv) and (v), we get M 21  0 n1n2 r12l ...(vi)
SECTION – D From equations (iii) and (vi), we get M 12  M 21  0 n1n2 r12l
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.
 N  N   N N r2
We can write the above equation as M  0  1   2   r12l  M  0 1 2 1
18. (a) Define mutual inductance and write its SI units.  l  l  l
(b) Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of two long co-axial solenoids of same length (c) When the current in coil C2 changes, the flux linked with C1 changes. This change in flux
wound one over the other. linked with C1 induces emf in C1.
(c) In an experiment, two coils C1 and C2 are placed close to each other. Find out the expression
for the emf induced in the coil C1 due to a change in the current through the coil C2.
Ans. (a) When current flowing in one of two nearby coils is changed, the magnetic flux linked
with the other coil changes; due to which an emf is induced in it (other coil). This phenomenon
of electromagnetic induction is called the mutual induction. The coil, in which current is changed
is called the primary coil and the coil in which emf is induced is called the secondary coil.
The SI unit of mutual inductance is henry.

0 I
Flux linked with C1 = flux of C2 = 12  B. A  .A
2r
d d   IA   A dI
Emf induced in C1 = 12   0   0 
dt dt  2r  2r dt
OR
(i) Define coefficient of self-induction. Obtain an expression for self-inductance of a long
solenoid of length l, area of cross-section A having N turns.
(ii) Calculate the self-inductance of a coil using the following data obtained when an AC source
 200 
of frequency   Hz and a DC source is applied across the coil.
  
(b) Mutual inductance is numerically equal to the magnetic flux linked with one coil (secondary
coil) when unit current flows through the other coil (primary coil). AC Source
Consider two long co-axial solenoids, each of length l. Let nl be the number of turns per unit S.No V (Volts) I (A)
length of the inner solenoid S1 of radius r1, n2 be the number of turns per unit length of the outer 1 3.0 0.5
solenoid S2 of radius r2. Imagine a time varying current I2 through S2 which sets up a time 2 6.0 1.0
varying magnetic flux 1 through S1. 3 9.0 1.5
∴ 1 = M12(I2) ...(i)
DC Source
where, M12 = Coefficient of mutual inductance of solenoid S1 with respect to solenoid S2 S.No V (Volts) I (A)
Magnetic field due to the current I2 in S2 is B2  0 n2 I 2 1 4.0 1.0
∴ Magnetic flux through S1 is 2 6.0 1.5
1 = B2A1N1 3 8.0 2.0
where, N1 = n1l and l = length of the solenoid Ans. (i) Coefficient of self induction of a coil is equal to the amount of magnetic flux linked
1  (0 n2 I 2 )( r12 )(n1l )  1  0 n1n2 r12lI 2 ...(ii) with the coil when unit current flows through the coil.
From equations (i) and (ii), we get M 12  0 n1n2 r12l ...(iii)
Let us consider the reverse case.
A time varying current I1 through S1 develops a flux 2 through S2.
2  M 21 ( I1 ) ...(iv)
where, M21= Coefficient of mutual inductance of solenoid S2 with respect to solenoid S1
Magnetic flux due to I1 in S1 is confined solely inside S1 as the solenoids are assumed to be very
long.
There is no magnetic field outside S1 due to current I1 in S1. Magnetic flux through each turn,ϕ = B × area of a turn
The magnetic flux linked with S2 is
∴ 2  B1 A1 N 2  ( 0 n1 I1 )( r12 )(n2l )  1  0 n1n2 r12lI1 ...(v)

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 (iii) The jumping ring experiment based on which of the following law?
(a) Lenz’s Law (b) Faraday’s law (c) Snell’s Law (d) both (a) and (b)

(iv) Two identical circular loops A and B of metal wire are lying on a table without touching
each other. Loop A carries a current which increases with time. In response the loop B
(a) remains stationary.
(b) is attracted by loop A.
(c) is repelled by loop A.
(d) rotates about its centre of mass with centre of mass fixed.
OR
An emf of 200 V is induced in a circuit when current in the circuit falls from 5 A to 0 A in 0.1
second. The self-inductance of the circuit is
(a) 3.5 H (b) 3.9 H (c) 4 H (d) 4.2 H
Ans. (i) (b) The direction of induced current in the ring is such that the polarity developed in the
ring is same as that of the polarity on the face of the coil, hence it will jump up due to repulsive
force.
(ii) (b) The polarity of the induced current in the ring will get reversed on changing the terminals
of the battery, so the ring will jump again.
(iii) (d) Lenz’s law: It states that the polarity of induced emf is such that it tends to produce a
current which opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it.
Faraday’s law of EMI:
SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions) Whenever there is change in magnetic flux through a coil, an emf is induced.
Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each. The magnitude of the induced emf in a coil is equal to the time rate of change of change of
19. Electromagnetic Induction: magnetic flux through the coil.
Consider the experimental set up shown in the figure. This jumping ring experiment is an (iv) (c) Opposite currents are induced in loops, so loops repel each other.
outstanding demonstration of some simple laws of Physics. A conducting non-magnetic ring is OR
placed over the vertical core of a solenoid. When current is passed through the solenoid, the ring e 200 200
(c) Self inductance, L =    4H
is thrown off. I 5 50
t 0.1

20. A solenoid is held in a vertical position. The solenoid is connected to a sensitive, centre-zero
ammeter.

(i) The direction of induced current in the ring in jumping ring experiment is such that the
polarity developed in the ring is same as that of the polarity on the face of the coil, then ring will
jump up due to
(a) attractive force when the switch is closed in the circuit. A vertical bar magnet is held stationary at position X just above the upper end of the solenoid as
(b) repulsive force when the switch is closed in the circuit. shown. The magnet is released and it falls through the solenoid. During the initial stage of the
(c) attractive force when the switch is closed in the circuit. fall, the sensitive ammeter shows a small deflection to the left
(d) repulsive force when the switch is closed in the circuit.
(i) Why does the ammeter show deflection?
(ii) What will happen if the terminals of the battery are reversed and the switch is closed? (a) Due to induced current starts flowing in the solenoid
(a) Ring will not be jump. (b) Ring will jump again. (b) Due to magnetic flux linked with the solenoid increases
(c) Current will not induced in the ring. (d) none of these (c) Due to magnetic flux linked with the solenoid becomes constant.

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 (d) Both (a) and (b). PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32
(ii) Choose the correct graph for voltage produced across coil vs time PRACTICE PAPER 07 (2024-25)
CHAPTER 07 ALTERNATING CURRENT
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40
CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs
General Instructions:
(i). All questions are compulsory.
(iii) A magnet passes the middle point of the solenoid and continues to fall, it reaches position Y. (ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
What is observed on the ammeter as the magnet falls from middle point of the solenoid to (iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
position Y? each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
(a) Ammeter will show smaller deflection as change in magnetic flux is slower. marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each.
(b) Ammeter will show smaller deflection as change in magnetic flux is faster. (iv). There is no overall choice.
(c) Ammeter will show faster deflection as change in magnetic flux is slower. (v). Use of Calculators is not permitted
(d) Ammeter will show faster deflection as the change in magnetic flux is faster. SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
(iv) Suggest the change in the apparatus that would increase the initial deflection of ammeter.
(a) By using stronger magnet 1. The figure shows variation of current (I) with time (t) in four devices P, Q, R and S. The device
(b) By using solenoid of same length with more turns. in which an alternating current flows is
(c) By using solenoid wire of smaller resistance (a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S
(d) All of these
OR
(iv) Inductance plays the role of
(a) inertia (b) friction (c) source of emf (d) force
Ans. (i) (d) Both (a) and (b).
(ii) (a)
(iii) (d) Ammeter will show faster deflection as the change in magnetic flux is faster.
(iv) (d) All of these
OR
(iv) (a) inertia

Ans. (d) S
There are four devices connected with different sources.
In alternating current, the current changes its magnitudes sinusoidally with time and passing
through origin.
Here, it is clear that Q and R are not alternating current flow.
Here, S-device shows the variation of current with time and P-device’s current does not passing
through origin.

2. An ac voltage v = v0 sint is applied to a series combination of a resistor R and an element X.

 
The instantaneous current in the circuit is I  I 0 sin  t   . Then which of the following is
 4
correct?
(a) X is a capacitor and XC = √2 R
(b) X is an inductor and XL = R
(c) X is an inductor and XL = √2 R
(d) X is a capacitor and XC = R
Ans. (d) X is a capacitor and XC = R

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3. Which of the following graphs represent the variation of current (I) with frequency (f) in an AC 9. Assertion (A): The alternating current lags behind the emf by a phase angle of π/2, when AC
circuit containing a pure capacitor? flows through an inductor.
Reason (R): The inductive reactance increase as the frequency of AC source decrease.
Ans. (c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
When AC pass through an inductor , current lags behind the emf by phase of π/2. Inductive
reactance, XL = 2πfL, so when frequency increases than value of inductive reactance also
increases.

10. Assertion (A): In series LCR resonance circuit, the impedance is equal to the ohmic resistance.
Reason (R): At resonance, the inductive reactance exceeds the capacitive reactance.
Ans. (c) Ans. (c) Assertion is true but Reason is false
At resonance, the inductive reactance XL is equal to the capacitive reactance XC, not exceeding it.
4. An inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series across an ac source of voltage. If This equality is what leads to the cancellation of the reactive components and results in the
the frequency of the source is decreased gradually the reactance of impedance being purely resistive.
(a) both the inductor and the capacitor decreases.
(b) inductor decreases and the capacitor increases. SECTION – B
(c) both the inductor and the capacitor increases. Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
(d) inductor increases and the capacitor decreases.
Ans. (b) inductor decreases and the capacitor increases. 11. A capacitor C, a variable resistor R and a bulb B are connected in series to the ac mains in circuit
as shown. The bulb glows with some brightness. How will the glow of the bulb change if (i) a
5. If an AC voltage is applied to an LCR circuit, which of the following is true? dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of the capacitor, keeping resistance R to be the
(a) I and V are out of phase with each other in R. same; (ii) the resistance R is increased keeping the same capacitance?
(b) I and V are in phase in L while in C, they are out of phase.
(c) I and V are out of phase in both C and L.
(d) I and V are out of phase in L and in phase in C.
Ans. (c) I and V are out of phase in both C and L.

6. An ac circuit has a resistance of 12 ohm and an impedance of 15 ohm. The power factor of the
circuit will be
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.125 (d) 1.25 Ans. It is a CR circuit connected with ac mains where the inductance of bulb remains constant.
E E
Ans. (a) 0.8 The current is i  
Z R2  X C 2
1
(i) If slab is inserted between the plates, capacitance will increase and as X C  , X C will
7. To reduce the resonant frequency in an LCR series circuit with a generator 2 fC
(a) the generator frequency should be reduced. decrease so Z will decrease making the current in bulb more and hence, the bulb will shine
(b) another capacitor should be added in parallel to the first. brighter.
(c) the iron core of the inductor should be removed. (ii) If R is increased, Z will increase making the current less and again the bulb will glow dimly.
(d) dielectric in the capacitor should be removed.
Ans. (b) another capacitor should be added in parallel to the first. 12. An alternating voltage of frequency f is applied across a series LCR circuit. Let fr be the
resonance frequency for the circuit. Will the current in the circuit lag, lead or remain in phase
8. If the frequency of an AC is made 4 times of its initial value, the inductive reactance will be: with the applied voltage when (i) f > fr, (ii) f < fr ? Explain your answer in each case.
(a) 2 times (b) 3 times (c) 4 times (d) Unchanged 1
Ans. We know XL ∝ f and XC ∝
Ans. (c) 4 times f
Inductive reactance is given by 2πfL . As f increases XC decreases and XL increases. For a particular value of frequency called
Therefore, when frequency is made 4 times, inductive reactance also becomes 4 times. resonance frequency (fr), XL becomes equal to XC. In case we keep on increasing frequency after
this XL becomes greater than XC.
In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of (i) Hence for f > fr circuit turns inductive in nature and current lags behind the voltage by certain
reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: phase angle.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A). (ii) For f < fr circuit is capacitive in nature as XC > XL and current leads the voltage by certain
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A). phase angle.
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. OR
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. In a series LCR circuit, obtain the conditions under which (i) the impedance of the circuit is
minimum, and (ii) wattless current flows in the circuit.

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 Ans. In case of a series LCR circuit, the impedance of the circuit is given by
Z  R 2  ( X C  X L )2 SECTION – C
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.
(i) The impedance of the circuit is minimum when XC = XL, i.e. capacitive reactance = inductive
reactance.
15. (a) The graphs (i) and (ii) represent the variation of the opposition offered by the circuit element
Under this condition, XC = XL gives Z = R, i.e. the circuit is resistive.
to the flow of alternating current with frequency of the applied emf. Identify the circuit element
(ii) When the circuit is purely capacitive or inductive, wattless current flows in the circuit.
corresponding to each graph.
13. Draw the graphs showing the variations of (i) inductive reactance, and (ii) capacitive reactance,
with frequency of applied voltages in ac circuit. How do the values of (i) inductive, and (ii)
capacitive reactance change, when the frequency of applied voltage is tripled?
Ans. Graph:

(b) Write the expression for the impedance offered by the series combinations of the above two
elements connected across the ac. Which will be ahead in phase in this circuit, voltage or
current?
Ans. (a) In graph (i), the opposition to the flow of current does not depend upon frequency, the
circuit element is a resistor. In graph (ii), the opposition increases with frequency, the current
When frequency of applied voltage is tripled: element is an inductor.
(i) Inductive reactance also gets tripled because X L  2 vL i.e. X C  v (b) When the resistor R and the inductance L are connected in series across an ac source, then
1 1 impedance Z of the circuit is given by Z  R 2  X L 2 where XL is an inductive reactance
(ii) Capacitive reactance reduces to one third because X C  i.e. X C 
2 vC v In an L-R circuit, the voltage is ahead of the current.
OR
A light bulb and an open coil inductor are connected to an ac source through a key as shown in 16. Show that the current leads the voltage in phase by π/2 in an ac circuit containing an ideal
the figure. capacitor.
Ans. The instantaneous voltage, V = V0 sin ωt …(i)

The switch is closed and after sometime, an iron rod is inserted into the interior of the inductor.
The glow of the light bulb (a) increases; (b) decreases; (c) is unchanged, as the iron rod is
inserted. Give your answer with reason. What will be your answer if ac source is replaced by a
dc source?
Ans. When an iron core is inserted, it gets magnetised and the magnetic field inside the coil Let q be the charge on capacitor and I, the current in the circuit at any instant, then instantaneous
increases. The inductance of the coil increases. Consequently, the inductive reactance of the coil potential difference,
increases. V = q/C …(ii)
A large fraction of the applied ac voltage appears across the inductor and the voltage across the q
From (i) and (ii), we get  V0 sin t  q  CV0 sin t
bulb decreases. Thus, the glow of the bulb decreases. In case of a dc source, the glow of the bulb C
does not change. dq d d
The instantaneous current, I   (CV0 sin t )  CV0 sin  t  CV0 cos t
dt dt dt
14. The coil of an ac generator consists of 100 turns of wire, each of area 0.5m2. The resistance of 
V0 
the wire is 100 Ω. The coil is rotating in a magnetic field of 0.8 T perpendicular to its axis of I cos t  I  I 0 sin  t  
rotation, at a constant angular speed of 60 radian per second. Calculate the maximum emf 1/  C  2
generated and power dissipated in the coil. Hence, the current leads the applied voltage in phase by π/2.
Ans. Given, N = 100, A = 0.5 m2, R = 100 Ω, B = 0.8T, ω = 60 rad s–1
emf generate, ε0 = NAωB = 100 × 0.5 × 60 × 0.8 = 2400 volt 17. The figure shows the graphical variation of the reactance of a capacitor with frequency of ac
2 source.
 2400 
  (a) Find the capacitance of the capacitor.
 rms
2
  = 28.8 kW
2 (b) An ideal inductor has the same reactance at 100 Hz frequency as the capacitor has at the same
Power dissipated, P =
R 100 frequency. Find the value of inductance of the inductor.

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 (c) Draw the graph showing the variation of the reactance of this inductor with frequency. (ii) Voltage across resistor, VR = Irms R = 4 × 30 = 120 V
Voltage across capacitor, VC = Irms XC = 4 × 40 = 160 V
(iii) The algebraic sum of voltages across the combination is
Vrms = VR + VC = 120 + 160 = 280 V
While Vrms of the source is 200 V. Yes, the voltages across the combination is more than the
voltage of the source. The voltage across the resistor and capacitor are not in phase.
This paradox can be resolved as when the current passes through the capacitor, it leads the
voltage VC by phase π/2. So voltage of the source can be given as,
Vrms  VR2  VC2  1202  1602  14400  25600  40000  200V

SECTION – D
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.

1 1 18. (a) With the help of a labelled diagram, describe briefly the underlying principle and working of
Ans. (a) Capacitive reactance, X C  
C 2 fC a step-up transformer.
From graph, for XC = 12 Ω, f = 50 Hz (b) Write any two sources of energy loss in a transformer.
1 (c) A step-up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage. Does it violate
∴ 12   C  265 F law of conservation of energy? Explain.
2  3.14  50  C Ans. (a) Transformer: A transformer converts low voltage into high voltage ac and vice-versa.
(b) Inductive reactance, XL = L = 2πfL Construction: It consists of laminated core of soft iron, on which two coils of insulated copper
For f = 100 Hz, XC = XL = 6 Ω wire are separately wound. These coils are kept insulated from each other and from the iron-core,
∴ 6 = 2 × 3.14 × 100 × L ⇒ L = 9.6 mH but are coupled through mutual induction. The number of turns in these coils are different. Out of
(c) these coils one coil is called primary coil and other is called the secondary coil. The terminals of
primary coils are connected to ac mains and the terminals of the secondary coil are connected to
external circuit in which alternating current of desired voltage is required. Transformers are of
two types:

OR
250
A resistor of 30 Ω and a capacitor of μF are connected in series to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac source.

Calculate (i) the current in the circuit, and (ii) voltage drops across the resistor and the capacitor
(iii) Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source voltage? If yes, solve the
paradox.
1 1 1
Ans. (i) capacitive reactant, X C     40
C 2 vC 2  50  250 10 6

Impedance of the circuit, Z  R 2  X C 2  302  402  900  1600  2500  50
Erms 200 1. Step up Transformer: It transforms the alternating low voltage to alternating high voltage and
So, current in the circuit, I rms    4A
Z 50 in this the number of turns in secondary coil is more than that in primary coil (i.e., NS>NP).
2. Step down Transformer: It transforms the alternating high voltage to alternating low voltage
and in this the number of turns in secondary coil is less than that in primary coil (i.e., NS<NP).
Working Principle: When alternating current source is connected to the ends of primary coil, the
current changes continuously in the primary coil; due to which the magnetic flux linked with the
secondary coil changes continuously, therefore the alternating emf of same frequency is
developed across the secondary.
Let NP be the number of turns in primary coil, NS the number of turns in secondary coil and φ
the magnetic flux linked with each turn. We assume that there is no leakage of flux so that the
flux linked with each turn of primary coil and secondary coil is the same.
According to Faraday’s laws the emf induced in the primary coil

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  (ii) Armature: It consists of a large number of turns of insulated wire in the soft iron drum or
 P  NP ...(i)
t ring. It can revolve round an axle between the two poles of the field magnet. The drum or ring
and emf induced in the secondary coil serves the two purposes: (a) It serves as a support to coils and (b) It increases the magnetic field
 due to air core being replaced by an iron core.
 S   NS ...(ii) (iii) Slip Rings: The slip rings R1 and R2 are the two metal rings to which the ends of armature
t
coil are connected. These rings are fixed to the shaft which rotates the armature coil so that the

NS rings also rotate along with the armature.
 t  N S
From (i) and (ii), we get S  (iv) Brushes: These are two flexible metal plates or carbon rods (B1 and B2) which are fixed and
 P  N  N P constantly touch the revolving rings. The output current in external load RL is taken through
t
P
these brushes.
If the resistance of primary coil is negligible, the emf (εP) induced in the primary coil, will be
equal to the applied potential difference (VP) across its ends. Similarly if the secondary circuit is
open, then the potential differenceVS across its ends will be equal to the emf (εS) induced in it;
V  N
therefore S  S  S  r ( say )
VP  P N P
N
where r  S is called the transformation ratio. If iP and iS are the instantaneous currents in
NP
primary and secondary coils and there is no loss of energy; then
For about 100% efficiency, Power in primary = Power in secondary
V P iP = V S iS
i V N 1
∴ S  P  P 
iP VS N S r
In step up transformer, NS > NP → r > 1;
So, VS > VP and iS < iP
i.e., step up transformer increases the voltage, but decreases the current.
In step down transformer, NS < NP → r < 1;
So, VS < VP and iS > iP
i.e., step down transformer decreases the voltage, but increases the current. Working: When the armature coil is rotated in the strong magnetic field, the magnetic flux linked
with the coil changes and the current is induced in the coil, its direction being given by
Laminated core: The core of a transformer is laminated to reduce the energy losses due to eddy Fleming’s right hand rule. Considering the armature to be in vertical position and as it rotates in
currents, so that its efficiency may remain nearly 100%. clockwise direction, the wire ab moves downward and cd upward, so that the direction of
In a transformer with 100% efficiency (say), induced current is shown in the above figure. In the external circuit, the current flows along
Input power = output power (i.e., VP IP = VS IS) B1RLB2. The direction of current remains unchanged during the first half turn of armature. During
(b) The sources of energy loss in a transformer are (i) eddy current losses due to iron core (ii) the second half revolution, the wire ab moves upward and cd downward, so the direction of
flux leakage losses. (iii) copper losses due to heating up of copper wires (iv) hysteresis losses current is reversed and in external circuit it flows along B2RLB1. Thus, the direction of induced
due to magnetisation and demagnetisation of core. emf and current changes in the external circuit after each half revolution.
(c) When output voltage increases, the output current automatically decreases to keep the power
same. Thus, there is no violation of conservation of energy in a step up transformer. Expression for Induced emf: When the coil is rotated with a constant angular speed ω , the angle
OR θ between the magnetic field vector B and the area vector A of the coil at any instant t is θ = ωt
Describe briefly, with the help of a labelled diagram, the basic elements of an ac generator. (assuming θ = 0° at t = 0). As a result, the effective area of the coil exposed to the magnetic field
State its underlying principle. Show diagrammatically how an alternating emf is generated by a lines changes with time, the flux at any time t is
loop of wire rotating in a magnetic field. Write the expression for the instantaneous value of the φB = BA cos θ = BA cos ωt
emf induced in the rotating loop. From Faraday’s law, the induced emf for the rotating coil of N turns is then,
Ans. AC generator: A dynamo or generator is a device which converts mechanical energy into d d
electrical energy.    N B   NBA (cos t )
dt dt
Principle: It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When a coil rotates Thus, the instantaneous value of the emf is
continuously in a magnetic field, the effective area of the coil linked normally with the magnetic ε = NBA ω sin ωt
field lines, changes continuously with time. This variation of magnetic flux with time results in where NBAω = 2πυNBA is the maximum value of the emf, which occurs when sin ωt = ±1.
the production of an alternating emf in the coil. If we denote NBAω as ε0, then
Construction: It consists of the four main parts: ε= ε0 sin ωt ⇒ ε = ε0 sin 2πvt
(i) Field Magnet: It produces the magnetic field. In the case of a low power dynamo, the where ν is the frequency of revolution of the generator’s coil.
magnetic field is generated by a permanent magnet, while in the case of large power dynamo, the Obviously, the emf produced is alternating and hence the current is also alternating.
magnetic field is produced by an electromagnet.

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 Current produced by an ac generator cannot be measured by moving coil ammeter; because the The average power supplied to a pure resistance R over a complete cycle of a.c. is P = EvIv.
average value of ac over full cycle is zero. When circuit is inductive, average power per cycle is EvIvcosφ.
The source of energy generation is the mechanical energy of rotation of armature coil.

SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
19. LCR circuit:
Phasor technique is used to determine the amplitude and phase of current for an LCR series
circuit. The solution at v = 0 is called the transient solution. Impedance diagram can be made for
LCR circuit which is a right angle triangle. The AC curent in each elements of LCR is same at In an a.c. circuit, 600 mH inductor and a 50 F capacitor are connected in series with 10 Ω
any time having same amplitude and phase. i = im sin (t + φ).
resistance. The a.c. supply to the circuit is 230 V, 60 Hz.

(i) The average power transferred per cycle to resistance is

(a) 10.42 W (b) 15.25 W (c) 17.42 W (d) 13.45 W

(ii) The average power transferred per cycle to capacitor is

(a) zero (b) 10.42 W (c) 17.42 W (d) 15 W

(i) What will be the length of the phasor in LCR circuit? (iii) The average power transferred per cycle to inductor is
(a) VRm = imR, VLm = im XL, VCm = im XC (b) VRm = imR, VLm ≠ im XL, VCm = im XC (a) 25 W (b) 17.42 W (c) 16.52 W (d) zero
(c) VRm = im XC, VLm = im R, VCm = im XL (d) None of these
(iv) The total power transferred per cycle by all the three circuit elements is
(ii) I is the current in the circuit and VR, VL and VC represent the voltage across circuit. What is (a) 17.42 W (b) 10.45 W (c) 12.45 W (d) zero
the phase difference between I and VL? OR
(a) VL is parallel to I (b) VL and I in same line (iv) The electrical energy spend in running the circuit for one hour is
 (a) 7.5 × 105 Joule (b) 10 × 103 Joule (c) 9.4 × 103 Joule (d) 6.2 × 104 Joule
(c) VC is ahead of I by (d) None of the above
2
Ans. (i) (c) 17.42 W
(iii) How does the phase angle f depends on VC and VL? Average power transferred per cycle to resistance is Pv = Iv2R
(a) tan ϕ = VCm + VLm (b) tan ϕ = VCm – VLm
(c) tan ϕ ≠ VCm (d) None of the above

(iv) The phenomena of resonance occurs. When system

(a) oscillates at certain frequency. (b) is having L and C.
(c) is having R and L only. (d) none of the above.
OR
(iv) What is the condition for minimum impedance?
(a) XC = XL (b) XC ≠ XL (c) XC = XR (d) XC ≠ XR
Ans. (i) (a) VRm = imR, VLm = im XL, VCm = im XC (ii) (a) zero
 PC = EvIvcosφ
(ii) (c) VC is ahead of I by In a capacitor, phase difference, φ = 90°
2
(iii) (b) tan ϕ = VCm – VLm ∴ PL = EvIvcos90° = zero
(iv) (a) oscillates at certain frequency (iii) (d) zero
Resonance occurs when a system oscillates at its natural frequency, resulting in a maximum PL = EvIvcosφ
amplitude response. This is often observed in systems with inductance (L) and capacitance (C), In an inductor, phase difference, φ = 90°
but the primary condition is that the oscillation occurs at a specific frequency. ∴ PL = EvIvcos90° = zero
OR (iv) (a) 17.42 W
(iv) (a) XC = XL Total power absorbed per cycle, P = PR + PC + PL = 17.42 + 0 + 0 = 17.42 W
OR
20. Power Associated with LCR Circuit: (iv) (d) 6.2 × 104 Joule
In an a.c. circuit, values of voltage and current change every instant. Therefore, power of an a.c. Energy spent = power × time = 17.42 × 60 × 60 = 6.2 × 104 Joule
circuit at any instant is the product of instantaneous voltage (E) and instantaneous current (I).

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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32 (c) downward at perpendicular bisector to the line joining to north pole and south pole
(d) from South pole to North pole
PRACTICE PAPER 05 (2024-25) Ans. (d) from South pole to North pole
CHAPTER 05 MAGNETISM AND MATTER The magnetic dipole moment is a vector quantity with direction perpendicular to the current loop
(ANSWERS) in the right-hand-rule direction. From south pole to north pole of a bar magnet. The direction of
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40 magnetic dipole moment is from south pole to north pole of a bar magnet.
CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs 4. A toroid of n turns, mean radius R and cross-sectional radius a carries current I. It is placed on a
General Instructions: horizontal table taken as x-y plane. Its magnetic moment m
(i). All questions are compulsory. (a) is non-zero and points in the z-direction by symmetry.
(ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E. (b) points along the axis of the tortoid (m = mφ).
(iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks 1
each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5 (c) is zero, otherwise there would be a field falling at 3 large distances outside the toroid.
marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each. r
(iv). There is no overall choice. (d) is pointing radially outwards.
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted 1
Ans. (c) is zero, otherwise there would be a field falling at 3 large distances outside the toroid.
r
SECTION – A For any point inside the empty space surrounded by toroid and outside the toroid, the magnetic
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each. field B is zero because the net current enclosed in these spaces is zero.
1. The figure below shows the North and South poles of a permanent magnet in which n turn coil of
area of cross – section A is resting, such that for a current I passed through the coil, the plane of 5. The variation of magnetic susceptibility with the temperature of a ferromagnetic material can be
the coil makes an angle θ with respect to the direction of magnetic field B. If the plane of the plotted as
magnetic field B.

The torque on the coil will be.

(a) τ = nIAB cosθ Ans. (b)
(b) τ = nIAB sinθ Since susceptibility (χm) of ferromagnetic material decreases with increase in temperature and
(c) τ = nIAB above curie temperature Tc, it becomes paramagnetic.
(d) None of the above, since the magnetic field is radial
Ans. (a) τ = nIAB cosθ 6. A long solenoid has 1000 turns per metre and carries a current of 1 A. It has a soft iron core of
Plane of coil makes an angle q with the magnetic field. μr = 1000. The core is heated beyond the Curie temperature, Tc.
i.e., The magnetic dipole moment of the coil will make an angle (90° – θ) with the direction of (a) The H field in the solenoid is (nearly) unchanged but the B field decreases drastically.
magnetic field. (b) The H and B fields in the solenoid are nearly unchanged.
τ = MB sin (90 – θ) (c) The magnetisation in the core reverses direction.
⇒ τ = nIABcosθ [As M = nIA] (d) The magnetisation in the core does not diminishes.
Ans. (a) The H field in the solenoid is (nearly) unchanged but the B field decreases drastically.
2. A uniform magnetic field exists in space in the plane of paper and is initially directed from left to At normal temperature, a solenoid behaves as a ferromagnetic substance and at the temperature
right. When a bar of soft iron is placed in the field parallel to it, the lines of force passing through beyond the Curie temperature, it behaves as a paramagnetic substance.
it will be represented by
7. A magnet of dipole moment M is aligned in equilibrium position in a magnetic field of intensity
B. The work done to rotate it through an angle θ with the magnetic field is
(a) MB sin θ (b) MB cos θ (c) MB (1 – cos θ) (d) MB (1 – sin θ)
Ans. (c) MB (1 – cos θ)

Ans. (b)
Permeability of soft iron is maximum, so maximum lines of force tries to pass through the soft
iron.

3. A magnetic dipole moment of a bar magnet is a vector quantity directed: 8. A magnetic needle suspended parallel to a magnetic field requires √3 J of work to turn it through
(a) upward at perpendicular bisector to the line joining to north pole and south pole 60°. The torque needed to maintain the needle in this position will be
(b) from North pole to South pole
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 3 Positive susceptibility: paramagnetic material e.g. Al, Ca.
(a) 2 √3 J (b) 3 J (c) √3 J (d) J Negative susceptibility: diamagnetic material e.g. Bi, Cu.
2
Ans. (b) 3 J The negative susceptibility signifies that the material is diamagnetic in nature.
MB
Since, W = – MB (cos θ2 – cos θ1) = – MB (cos 60° – cos 0°) =
⇒ MB = 2W 13. The following figure shows the variation of intensity of magnetisation versus the applied
2
magnetic field intensity, H, for two magnetic materials A and B:
MB 3 2W 3
Torque on the needle, τ = MBsinθ = MBsin60° = = = W 3= 3. 3 = 3J
2 2

In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. (a) Identify the materials A and B.
(b) Why does the material B, have a larger susceptibility than A, for a given field at constant
9. Assertion (A): The poles of magnet cannot be separated by breaking into two pieces. temperature?
Reason (R): The magnetic moment will be reduced to half when a magnet is broken into two I
equal pieces. Ans. (a) As  m 
H
Ans. (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation The slope of the line gives the magnetic susceptibilities.
of assertion (A). For the magnetic material B, it is giving higher positive (+ve) value. So, the material is
As we know every atom of a magnet acts as a dipole, so poles cannot be separated. When magnet ferromagnetic.
is broken into two equal pieces, magnetic moment of each part wiil be half of the original For the magnetic material A, the slope is positive (+ve) and lesser than that for B. So, the
magnet. material is paramagnetic.
(b) The larger susceptibility is due to a characteristic, i.e. ‘domain structure’. The more number
10. Assertion (A): The ferromagnetic substances do not obey Curie’s law. of magnetic moments get aligned in the direction of magnetising field in comparison to that for
Reason (R): At Curie point a ferromagnetic substance start behaving as a paramagnetic the paramagnetic materials for the same value of magnetising field.
substance.
Ans. (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation 14. The diagrams given in the figure (a) and (b) show magnetic field lines (thick lines in the figure)
of assertion (A). wrongly. Point out what is wrong with them. Some of them may describe electrostatic field lines
The susceptibility of ferromagnetic substance decreases with the rise of temperature in a correctly. Point out which ones.
complicated manner. After Curie point the susceptibility ferromagnetic substance varies
inversely with its absolute temperature.

SECTION – B
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
11. Explain the following:
(i) Why do magnetic lines of force form continuous closed loops?
(ii) Why are the field lines repelled (expelled) when a diamagnetic material is placed in an
Ans. (a) Wrong. The lines should curve out at both ends, and meet eventually to form closed
external uniform magnetic field?
loops otherwise, it will violate the Ampere’s circuital law.
Ans. (i) Magnetic lines of force form continuous closed loops because a magnet is always a
(b) Wrong. Magnetic field lines between two pole pieces cannot be precisely straight at the ends.
dipole and as a result, the net magnetic flux of a magnet is always zero.
Some fringing of lines is inevitable. Otherwise, Ampere’s law is violated. This is also true for
(ii) When a diamagnetic substance is placed in an external magnetic field, a feeble magnetism is
electric field lines.
induced in opposite direction. So, magnetic lines of force are repelled.

12. Define magnetic susceptibility of a material. Name two elements, one having positive SECTION – C
susceptibility and the other having negative susceptibility. What does negative susceptibility Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.
signify?
Ans. Magnetic susceptibility is the ratio of the intensity of magnetisation (I) produced in the 15. (i) A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown below when two specimens X and Y are
material to the intensity of magnetising field (H). placed in it. Identify whether specimens X and Y are diamagnetic, paramagnetic or
I ferromagnetic.
m 
H

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 (ii) How is the magnetic permeability of specimen X different from that of specimen Y?
Ans. (i) X→ Expulsion of field. So, it is diamagnetic.
Y→ Field is pulled in. So, it is ferromagnetic.
(ii) The magnetic permeability of X is less than 1 and that of Y is very much greater than 1.
OR
Define the term magnetic permeability of a magnetic material. Write any two characteristics of a Ans. (i) Difference: Field lines of a solenoid form continuous current loops, while in the case of
magnetic substance if it is to be used to make a permanent magnet. Give an example of such a an electric dipole the field lines begin from a positive charge and end on a negative charge or
material. scape to infinity.
Ans. Magnetic permeability: It is a measure of the extent to which magnetic field influence can (ii) Two magnetic field lines cannot intersect because at the point of intersection, there will be
pass through a material. two directions of magnetic field which is impossible.
The following are the characteristics:
(i) Material should have high retentivity. 17. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 0.9 J/T is placed with its axis at 30° to a uniform
(ii) Material should have high coercivity. magnetic field. It experiences a torque of 0.063 J.
(iii) Material should have high permeability. (any two) (i) Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field.
A suitable material for permanent magnet is alnico steel. (ii) In which orientation will the bar magnet be in stable equilibrium in the magnetic field?
Ans. (i) We know that τ = MB sinθ
16. Two identical magnetic dipoles each of magnetic dipole moment 2 Am2 are placed with their Magnitude of the magnetic field is calculated as
axes perpendicular to each other with a distance of separation being r = 2 m between them.  0.063 0.063
B    0.14T
M sin  0.9  sin 300 0.9  0.5
(ii) When the magnetic moment vector and the magnetic field vectors are in the same direction,
i.e. θ = 0°
It’s so because this configuration corresponds to a minimum energy.
U = – MB

SECTION – D
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.

18. Derive an expression for magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole at a point on its axial
line.
Ans. Consider a magnetic dipole (or a bar magnet) SN of length 2l having south pole at S and
Find the magnetic field at the point that is midway along the distance of separation between the north pole at N. The strength of south and north poles are – qm and + qm respectively. Magnetic
two dipoles. moment of magnetic dipole m = qm 2l, its direction is from S to N.
Consider a point P on the axis of magnetic dipole at a distance r from mid point O of dipole.
Ans. Magnetic field due to magnetic dipole 1 at point O (midway along r) (along the equatorial
The distance of point P from N-pole, r1= (r – l)
line)
 2m
B1  0
4 (r / 2) 2
Magnetic field due to magnetic dipole 2 at point O (midway along r) (along the axial line)
 m
B2  0
4 (r / 2) 2
Net magnetic field at the point: (B1 and B2 are perpendicular to each other) The distance of point P from S-pole, r2= (r + l)

B  B12  B2 2  0 m 5  2 5  107 T Let B1 and B2 be the magnetic field intensities at point P due to north and south poles
4 respectively.
OR The directions of magnetic field due to north pole is away from N-pole and due to south pole is
Depict the field-line pattern due to a current carrying solenoid of finite length. towards the S-pole. Therefore,
(i) In what way do these lines differ from those due to an electric dipole?  qm  qm
(ii) Why can’t two magnetic field lines intersect each other? B1  0 from N to P and B2  0 from P to S.
4 (r  l )2 4 (r  l )2

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 Clearly, the directions of magnetic field strengths B1 and B2 are along the same line but opposite
to each other and B1 > B2. (ii) The net magnetic flux through any closed surface, kept in a magnetic field is
Therefore, the resultant magnetic field intensity due to bar magnet has magnitude equal to the (a) zero (b) μ0/4π (c) 4πμ0 (d) 4μ0/π
difference of B1 and B2 and direction from N to P.
 qm  qm (iii) A closed surface S encloses a magnetic dipole of magnetic moment 2ml. The magnetic flux
i.e. B  B1  B2  0  0
4 (r  l )2 4 (r  l )2 emerging from the surface is
(a) μ0m (b) zero (c) 2μ0m (d) 2m/μ0
0  1 1  0  (r  l )2  (r  l ) 2 
 qm   2 
 qm  
4  (r  l ) (r  l )  4
2
 (r  l )
2 2 2
 (iv) Which of the following is not a consequence of Gauss’s law?
0  4rl  0 2(qm 2l )r (a) The magnetic poles always exist as unlike pairs of equal strength.
 qm  2 2 2   (b) If several magnetic lines of force enter in a closed surface, then an equal number of lines of
4  (r  l )  4 (r  l )
2 2 2
force must leave that surface.
But qm 2l = m (magnetic dipole moment) (c) There are abundant sources or sinks of the magnetic field inside a closed surface.
 2mr (d) Isolated magnetic poles do not exist.
∴ B 0 2 2 2
4 (r  l ) OR
If the bar magnet is very short and point P is far away from the magnet, the r >> l, therefore, (v) The surface integral of a magnetic field over a surface
equation (1) takes the form (a) is proportional to mass enclosed (b) is proportional to charge enclosed
 2mr  2mr  2m (c) is zero (d) equal to its magnetic flux through that surface.
B 0 2 2  0 4  B 0 3 Ans. (i) (b) case (II) contradicts Gauss’s law
4 (r ) 4 r 4 r  for
 magnetic fields.
According to Gauss’s law in magnetism  B.ds = 0, which implies that number of magnetic field
This is the expression for magnetic field intensity at axial position due to a short bar magnet.
lines entering the Gaussian surface is equal to the number of magnetic field lines leaving it.
SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions) Therefore, case (ii) is not possible.
(ii) (a) zero  
Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
The net magnetic flux through a closed surface will be zero, i.e.  B.ds = 0, because there are no
19. Gauss’s Law for Magnetism
By analogy to Gauss’s law of electrostatics, we can write Gauss’s law of magnetism as magnetic monopoles.
   
 B.ds  0 minside where  B.ds is the magnetic flux and minside is the net pole strength inside the
(iii) (b) zero
(iv) (c) There are abundant sources or sinks of the magnetic field inside a closed surface.
closed surface. We do not have an isolated magnetic pole in nature. At least none has been found Gauss’s law indicates that there are no sources or sinks of the magnetic field inside a closed
to exist till date. The smallest unit of the source of magnetic field is a magnetic dipole where the surface. In other words, there are no free magnetic charges.
net magnetic pole is zero. Hence, the net magnetic pole enclosed by any closed surface is always (v) (d) equal to its magnetic flux through that surface.
zero. Correspondingly, the flux of the magnetic field through any closed surface is zero. The surface integral of a magnetic field over a surface gives magnetic flux through that surface.

20. Elements of the Earth’s Magnetic Field

The earth’s magnetic field at a point on its surface is usually characterised by three quantities: (a)
declination (b) inclination or dip and (c) horizontal component of the field. These are known as
the elements of the earth’s magnetic field. At a place, angle between geographic meridian and
magnetic meridian is defined as magnetic declination, whereas angle made by the earth’s
magnetic field with the horizontal in magnetic meridian is known as magnetic dip.

(i) Consider the two idealised systems

(I) a parallel plate capacitor with large plates and small separation and
(II) a long
 solenoid of length L >> R, radius of cross‑section.
In (I) E is ideally treated as a constant between plates and zero outside. In (ii) magnetic field is
constant inside the solenoid and zero outside. These idealised assumptions, however, contradict
fundamental laws as below (i) In a certain place, the horizontal component of magnetic field is 1/√3 times the vertical
(a) case (I) contradicts Gauss’s law for electrostatic fields. component. The angle of dip at this place is
(b) case (II) contradicts Gauss’s (a) zero (b) π/3 (c) π/2 (d) π/6
  law for magnetic fields.
(c) case (I) agrees with  E.dl = 0.
  (ii) The angle between the true geographic north and the north shown by a compass needle is
(d) case (II) contradicts  H .dl = Ien. called as
(a) inclination (b) magnetic declination (c) angle of meridian (d) magnetic pole.

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 PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32
(iii) The angles of dip at the poles and the equator respectively are
(a) 30°, 60° (b) 0°, 90° (c) 45°, 90° (d) 90°, 0° PRACTICE PAPER 03 (2024-25)
CHAPTER 03 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(iv) A compass needle which is allowed to move in a horizontal plane is taken to a geomagnetic (ANSWERS)
pole. It SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40
(a) will become rigid showing no movement
(b) will stay in any position CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs
(c) will stay in north-south direction only General Instructions:
(d) will stay in east-west direction only. (i). All questions are compulsory.
OR (ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
(v) Select the correct statement from the following. (iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
(a) The magnetic dip is zero at the centre of the earth. each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
(b) Magnetic dip decreases as we move away from the equator towards the magnetic pole. marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each.
(iv). There is no overall choice.
(c) Magnetic dip increases as we move away from the equator towards the magnetic pole.
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted
(d) Magnetic dip does not vary from place to place.
SECTION – A
Ans. (i) (b) π/3 Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
B B
tan   V and BH  V 1. A current of 0.8 A flows in a conductor of 40 W for 1 minute. The heat produced in the
BH 3 conductor will be
 
 tan   3  tan    (a) 1445 J (b) 1536 J (c) 1569 J (d) 1640 J
3 3 Ans: (b) 1536 J
(ii) (b) magnetic declination 2
By Joule’s law of heating, H = I Rt
The angle between the true geographic north and the north shown by a compass needle is called H = (0.8)2 (40) (60) = 1536 J
as magnetic declination or simply declination.
(iii) (d) 90°, 0° 2. In the figure given below, both switches S1 and S2 are closed. Then
Since angle of dip at a place is defined as the angle δ, which is the direction of total intensity of
earth’s magnetic field B makes with a horizontal line in magnetic meridian,
At poles B = BV and BV = B sinδ
∴ sin δ = 1 ⇒ δ = 90°
At equator B = BH and BH = B cos δ
∴ cos δ = 1 ⇒ δ = 0°.
(iv) (a) will become rigid showing no movement
A compass needle which is allowed to move in a horizontal plane is taken to a geomagnetic pole.
It will stay in any position as the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field becomes zero at (a) L1 will be brighter than L2 or L3. (b) L1 will be dimmer than L2 or L3.
the geomagnetic pole. (c) L1 will be as bright as L2 or L3. (d) none of the above.
(v) (c) Magnetic dip increases as we move away from the equator towards the magnetic pole. Ans: (a) L1 will be brighter than L2 or L3.
At equator, δ = 0°
At poles, δ = 90° 3. Power Ps is dissipated through a series combination and power Pp is dissipated through the
∴ δ increases as we move from equator towards poles. parallel combination of 3 equal resistors. The ratio of Pp to Ps is
(a) 9 (b) 1/9 (c) 1 (d) 6
Ans: (a) 9
Equivalent Rs = 3r
V2
Power dissipated by battery of voltage V in series combination is Ps =
3r
r
Equivalent Rp =
3
V 2 PP
Power dissipated by battery of voltage V in parallel combination is PP  , 9
 r  PS
 
 3

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4. In the circuit given below P ≠ R and the reading of the galvanometer is same with switch S open 9. Assertion (A): Kirchhoff’s junction rule is vaild for only three number of lines meeting at a
or closed. Then: point in an electrical circuit.
Reason (R): When there is a flow of varying current, then there is no accumulation of charge at
the junction.
Ans. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

10. Assertion (A): When a resistance of given material is cut into half, its resistance reduces to half
of its original value.
Reason (R): The resistivity of a conductor changes with dimensions, temperature and material of
conductor.
Ans. (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.

(a) IQ = IR (b) IR = IG (c) IP = IG (d) IQ = IG SECTION – B

Ans: (d) IQ = IG
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
5. When a potential difference V is applied across a conductor at temperature T, the drift velocity 11. Calculate the resistance across the points M and N in the given figure.
of the electrons is proportional to:
(a) T (b) T (c) V (d) V
Ans: (c) V

6. The resistances of two wires having same length and same area of cross-section are 2 Ω and 8 Ω Ans: In this case, points A and N are at same potential, but points M and B are at different
respectively. If the resistivity of 2 Ω wire is 2.65 × 10–8 Ω-m then the resistivity of 8 Ω wire is: potentials. The above circuit can therefore be redrawn.
(a) 10.60 × 10–8 Ω-m (b) 8.32 × 10–8 Ω-m
(c) 7.61 × 10–8 Ω-m (d) 5.45 × 10–8 Ω-m
Ans: (a) 10.60 × 10–8 Ω-m

7. Two wires A and B, of the same material having length in the ratio 1 : 2 and diameter in the
ratio 2 : 3 are connected in series with a battery. The ratio of the potential differences (VA / VB)
across the two wires respectively is:
(a) 1/3 (b) 3/4 (c) 4/5 (d) 9/8
Ans: (d) 9/8

8. The given figure shows I – V graph of a copper wire whose length and area of cross-section are
L and A respectively. The slope of this curve becomes:

12. Wheatstone bridge method is considered unsuitable for the measurement of very low resistances.
Why?
(a) less if the length of the wire is increased. Ans. (i) For measuring a low resistance, all other resistances used should have
(b) more if the length of the wire is increased. a low value to ensure the sensitivity of the bridge.
(c) more if a wire of steel of same dimension is used. (ii) A galvanometer of very low resistance is required which of course be very insensitive.
(d) more if the temperature of wire is increased. (iii) The end resistances and the resistances of connecting wire become comparable to the
Ans: (a) less if the length of the wire is increased. resistance being measured.
All these factors introduce an error in the result.
In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as: 13. A cell of emf ‘E’ and internal resistance ‘r’ is connected across a variable resistor ‘R’. Plot a
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A). graph showing variation of terminal voltage ‘V’ of the cell versus the current I. Using the plot,
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A). show how the emf of the cell and its internal resistance can be determined.
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. Ans. The terminal voltage ‘V’ of the cell is given by: V = E – Ir
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. where, E is the emf of the cell, r is the internal resistance of the cell and, I is the current through
the circuit.

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 Comparing with the equation of a straight line: y = mx + c, Let, number of electrons per unit volume = n, charge on an electron = e
we get, y = V; x = I; m = – r ; c = E Total electrons in length, l = nAl and, total charge, q = neAl
Graph showing variation of terminal voltage ‘V’ of the cell versus the current ‘I’.

q neAl
And current, I    I  neAvd
t l
Emf of the cell = Intercept on V axis. vd
Internal resistance = slope of the line. I
Therefore, current per unit area, i.e., current density, J   nevd
A
14. Explain the term ‘drift velocity’ of electrons in a conductor. Hence obtain the expression for the
 eE   ne  
2
current through a conductor in terms of ‘drift velocity’.  J  ne   E  J E
Ans. Drift velocity is defined as the average velocity with which free electrons in a conductor get  m   m 
drifted in a direction opposite to the direction of the applied electric field. which is the required expression.
Consider a conductor of length l, area of cross-section A and having number density of free
electrons n. 16. Two heating elements of resistances R1 and R2 when operated at a constant supply of voltage, V,
consume powers P1 and P2 respectively. Deduce the expressions for the power of their
combination when they are, in turn, connected in (i) series and (ii) parallel across the same
voltage supply.
On establishing the potential difference across the conductor, suppose the electrons drift from V2
 Ans. We know P 
lower potential to higher potential side with velocity vd . The volume of the conductor covered R
(i) When resistors are connected in series, equivalent resistance is given by
by an electron in unit time is
Rs = R1 + R2
V = vdA …(i)
Power consumed is given by
[ Volume = Al and l = vd × t, t = 18 l = vd]
Electrons occupying the volume in unit time is
N = nvdA …(ii)
Thus, the charge flow through any cross-section of the conductor in unit time is
q = envdA …(iii)
According to the definition, the electric current is the rate of flow of charge through any cross-
section of the conductor. Hence,
q
I= ( t = 1 s)
t
I = envdA …(iv) (ii) When resistors are connected in parallel, then

SECTION – C
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.

15. (a) Define the term ‘conductivity’ of a metallic wire. Write its SI unit.
(b) Using the concept of free electrons in a conductor, derive the expression for the conductivity
of a wire in terms of number density and relaxation time. Hence, obtain the relation between Substituting in equation (i),
current density and the applied electric field
Ans. (a) Conductivity of a metallic wire is defined as its ability to allow electric charges or heat
to pass through it. Numerically, conductivity of a material is reciprocal of its resistivity.
SI unit: oh m-1 m-1 or mho m-1 or Siemen m-1
(b) Consider a potential difference V be applied across a conductor of length l and cross section
A. 17. A battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 2 Ω is connected to a 4 Ω resistor as shown in the
Electric field inside the conductor, E = V/l. figure.
Due to the external field the free electrons inside the conductor drift with velocity vd.

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 (a) Show that a voltmeter when placed across the cell and across the resistor, in turn, gives the
same reading.
(b) To record the voltage and the current in the circuit, why is voltmeter placed in parallel and
ammeter in series in the circuit?

Take loop BCDB

Ans. (a) Effective resistance of the circuit RE = 6 W Q(i – i1 – i3) – S (i1 + i3) – Xi3 = 0
∴ I = 12/6 = 2 A Q(i – i1) – Qi3 – Si1 – (S + X)i3 = 0 …(ii)
Terminal potential difference across the cell can be calculated as, When the point B and D are at same potential, the bridge is said to be balanced.
V = E – Ir = 12 – 2 × 2 As in balanced state, i3 = 0, from equations (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ V = 12 – 4 = 8 V P(i – i1) = Ri1
Also, potential difference across 4 W resistor can be calculated as, Q(i – i1) = Si1
V = IR = 2 × 4 = 8 V.
So, a voltmeter when placed across the cell and across the resistor, gives the same reading.
(b) An ammeter is connected in series because it has very low resistance. So, when, an ammeter (b) By using Kirchhoff's second law for closed-loop PQS we get
is connected in series, then there is not much increase in the resistance of the circuit and hence –4I1+ 2I2 + 10 = 0
the current through the circuit unchanged. ⇒ 4I1 – 2I2 = 10
⇒ 2I1 – I2 = 5
SECTION – D
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.

18. (a) State Kirchhoff's law for an electrical network. Using Kirchhoff ’s rules, obtain the balance
condition in terms of the resistances of four arms of wheatstone bridge.
(b) Using Kirchhoff's laws, calculate the current flowing through 4 Ω, 1 Ω, and 2 Ω resistors in
the circuit shown.
By using Kirchhoff's second law for closed loop QRS we get
– (I1 + I2)1 + 6 – 2I2 = 0
⇒ I1 + 3I2 = 6 ...(ii)
solving (i) and (ii), we get 7I1 = 21
⇒ I1 = 3 A
⇒ I2 = 1 A
⇒ I1 + I2 = 3 + 1 = 4 A
Therefore, the current across 4 Ω resistor is 3 A, across 2 Ω resistor is 1 A, and across 1 Ω
Ans. Kirchhoff ’s rules: resistor is 4 A.
Kirchhoff's first law (junction rule) - In an electrical circuit , the algebraic sum of currents
meeting at a junction , is always zero . SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)
Kirchhoff's second rule (loop rule) - In any closed mesh of an electrical circuit , the algebraic Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
sum of the e.m.fs. is equal to the algebraic sum of products of resistances and current flowing 19. Heat produced by electric Current
through them . Whenever an electric current is passed through a conductor, it becomes hot after some time. The
Let us consider a wheatstone bridge. phenomenon of the production of heat in a resistor by the flow of an electric current through it is
Take loop ABDA, called heating effect of current or Joule heating. Thus, the electrical energy supplied by the
P(i – i1) + Xi3 – Ri1 = 0 …(i) source of emf is converted into heat. In purely resistive circuit, the energy expended by the
source entirely appears as heat. But if the circuit has an active element like a motor, then a part
of the energy supplied by the source goes to do useful work and the rest appears as heat. Joule’s
law of heating form the basis of various electrical appliances such as electric bulb, electric
furnace, electric press etc.

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 electrons actually still move randomly, but now they tend to drift with the drift speed vd. The
drift speed is very less as compared to speeds in random thermal motion.
(i) A steady current I flows through a metallic conductor whose area of cross-section (A)
increases continuously from one end to the other. The drift velocity of free electron (vd) as a
function of A will be:

(i) Which of the following is a correct statement?

(a) Heat produced in a conductor is independent of the current flowing.
(b) Heat produced in a conductor varies inversely as the current flowing. (a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) Heat produced in a conductor varies directly as the square of the current flowing.
(d) Heat produced in a conductor varies inversely as the square of the current flowing. (ii) For Ohm’s law is obeyed, then what is the relation between electric field(E) and drift velocity
(vd)?
(ii) If the coil of a heater is cut to half, what would happen to heat produced? (a) vd ∝ E2
(a) Doubled (b) Halved (c) Remains same (d) Becomes four times (b) vd ∝ E
(iii) A 25 W and 100 W are joined in series and connected to the mains. Which bulbs will glow
(c) vd ∝
brighter?
(a) 100 W (b) 25 W (c) both bulbs will glow brighter (d) none will glow brighter (d) vd ∝
OR
(iv) A rigid container with thermally insulated wall contains a coil of resistance 100 W, carrying (iii) When a current flows in a conductor, the order of magnitude of drift velocity of electrons
current 1 A. Change in its internal energy after 5 min will be through it is
(a) 0 kJ (b) 10 kJ (c) 20 kJ (d) 30 kJ (a) 10–7 cm/s
(b) 10–2 cm/s
(v) The heat emitted by a bulb of 100 W in 1 min is (c) 104 mm/s
(a) 100 J (b) 1000 J (c) 600 J (d) 6000 J (d) 0.5 mm/s
Ans. (i) (c) According to Joule’s law of heating, Heat produced in a conductor, H = I²Rt
where, I = Current flowing through the conductor (iv) Two nichrome wires of equal lengths but having radii in the ratio 1 : 3 are connected in
R = Resistance of the conductor series across an electric cell. The drift velocities of free electrons through them will be in the
t = Time for which current flows through the conductor. ratio of
∴ H ∝ I² (a) 3 : 1
(b) 1 : 3
(ii) (a): If the coil is cut into half, its resistance is also halved. (c) 4 : 9
V2 (d) 9 : 1
H t H'2
R
Ans.
(iii) (b): P = V²/R or R = V²/P
The bulbs are joined in series. Current in both the bulbs will same.
∴ The heat produced in them is given by H = I²Rt or H ∝ R ⇒ H ∝ 1/P
Therefore, the bulb with low wattage or high resistance will glow brighter or we can say the 25
W bulb will glow brighter than the 100 W bulb.
OR
(iv) (d): R = 100 W; I = 1 A; t = 5 min. = 5 × 60 = 300 s
change in internal energy = heat generated in coil = I²Rt = ((1)² × 100 × 300) J = 30000 J = 30
kJ

(v) (d): Here, P = 100 W, t = 1 min = 60 s

Heat developed in time t, H = P × t = (100 W)(60 s) = 6000 J

20. When a conductor does not have a current through it, its conduction electrons move randomly,
with no net motion in any direction. When the current flows through the conductor, these

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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32
PRACTICE PAPER 02 (2024-25)
CHAPTER 02 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 4. A parallel plate capacitor with air as medium between the plates has a capacitance of 10 μF. The
(ANSWERS) area of capacitor is divided into two equal halves and filled with two media having dielectric
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40 constant k1 = 2 and k2 = 4 as shown in the figure. The capacitance of the system will now be
CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs
General Instructions:
(i). All questions are compulsory.
(ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
(iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
(a) 10 μF (b) 20 μF (c) 30 μF (d) 40 μF
marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each. Ans: (c) 30 μF
(iv). There is no overall choice.
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted 5. A point P lies at a distance x from the mid point of an electric dipole on its axis. The electric
potential at point P is proportional to
SECTION – A 1 1 1 1
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) (d) 1/ 2
x x x x
1. Figures show some equipotential lines distributed in space. A charged object is moved from 1
Ans: (a) 2
point A to point B. x

6. A charge Q is located at the centre of a circle of radius r.

The work done in moving a test charge q0 from point A to point B (at opposite ends of diameter
 1 
AB) so as to complete a semicircle is  k  
 4 0 
qQ Qq0
(a) k 0 (b) (c) kq0Qr (d) Zero
r r2
(a) The work done in Fig. (i) is the greatest. Ans: (d) Zero
(b) The work done in Fig. (ii) is least.
(c) The work done is the same in Fig. (i), Fig.(ii) and Fig. (iii).
(d) The work done in Fig. (iii) is greater than Fig. (ii) but equal to that in Fig. (i). 7. Each of the graphs below represents the variation of electrostatic potential with distance in the
Ans: (c) The work done is the same in Fig. (i), Fig.(ii) and Fig. (iii). region around a source charge, that is, either a point charge or a continuous charge distribution.
The work done by the electric field on the charge will be negative. Identify the most relevant V(r) vs r graph due to a uniform charged insulated sphere.
Welectrical = –∆U = –q∆V = q(Vinitial – Vfinal) Here initial and final potentials are same in all three
cases and the same charge is moved, so work done is same in all three cases.

2. Find the equivalent capacitance of the system across the terminals A and B. All the capacitors
have equal capacitances.

Ans: (a)

8. In the electric field of a point charge q , a certain charge is carried from point A to B, C, D and E.
Then the work done

(a) 2 C (b) 4 C (c) 3 C (d) 5 C

Ans: (a) 2 C

3. The capacitors of capacitance 4 F, 6 F and 12 F are connected first in series and then in parallel.
What is the ratio of equivalent capacitance in the two cases?
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 11 : 1 (c) 1 : 11 (d) 1 : 3
Ans: (c) 1 : 11 (a) is least along the path AB. (b) is least along the path AD.
(c) is zero along all the paths AB, AC, AD and AE. (d) is least along AE.

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 Ans: (c) is zero along all the paths AB, AC, AD and AE. R
ABCDE is an equipotential surface and on equipotential surface no work is done in shifting a 13. There is a point charge Q at a distance from the centre of a circle of radius R. Another point
2
charge from one place to another. charge q is to be moved from A to B, where A and B are two points on the circle diametrically
opposite to each other. How
In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason much work is done by the electrostatic force exerted by Q on q?
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

9. Assertion (A): Work done in moving a charge around a closed path, in an electric field is always
zero. Ans:
Reason (R): Electrostatic force is a conservative force.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).

10. Assertion (A): A parallel plate capacitor is connected across a battery. A dielectric slab of
dielectric constant K is introduced between the plates. The energy stored becomes 1/K times.
14. A charge Q is given to three capacitors C1, C2 and C3 connected in parallel. Determine the charge
Reason (R): Energy does not depend on dielectric constant.
on each.
Ans: (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Ans: In parallel combination of capacitors, the total charge Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3.
As potential difference across each capacitor is same, therefore
SECTION – B Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
11. Draw a plot showing the variation of (i) electric field (E and (ii) electric potential (V) with
distance r due to a point charge Q.
Ans:

SECTION – C
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.

15. Three concentric metallic shells A, B and C of radii a, b and c (a < b < c) have surface charge
densities + σ, – σ and + σ respectively as shown in the figure.
12. The given graph shows that variation of charge q versus potential difference V for two If shells A and C are at the same potential, then obtain the relation between the radii a, b, c.
capacitors C1 and C2. The two capacitors have same plate separation but the plate area of C2 is
double than that of C1. Which of the lines in the graph correspond to C1 and C2 and why?

Ans: Since, C ∝ A [Area]

C2 = 2C1 ( A2 = 2A1)
q
but C = So, more slope represents more capacitance. Ans: Given that, A, B and C are three concentric shells of radii a, b and c. σ, –σ and σ are the
V
charge densities on them respectively.
Hence, A represents C2 and B represents C1.
Also VC = VA (given)

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16. (a) Obtain the expression for the energy stored per unit volume in a charged parallel plate
capacitor.
(b) The electric field inside a parallel plate capacitor is E. Find the amount of work done in
moving a charge q over a closed rectangular loop a b c d a.

Ans: (a) Work done by a source of potential V in storing an additional charge dq

dW = Vdq
OR
Show by graph how q given to a capacitor varies with its potential difference.
Total work done in storing a charge Q to an uncharged capacitor is
Using the graph or otherwise, prove that the energy of a capacitor is 1/2 CV2. Calculate the
energy density of the electrostatic field in a parallel plate capacitor.
Ans: As q = CV, V versus q will be a straight line. During the process of giving charge q to the
This work done gets stored in the form of electrostatic energy in the capacitor. capacitor, the potential difference across the capacitor rises linearly from 0 to V. So, the
charge q is given to the capacitor at on average potential difference V/2.

where u is the energy density.

(b) Electric field is conservative. So, the total amount of work done in moving a charge q over a
closed loop abcda will be zero.
Wloop = Wab + Wbc + Wcd + Wda
Wloop = 0 + q (∆Vbc) + 0 + q (∆Vda)
As ∆Vbc = – ∆Vda, 2nd and 4th terms in RHS of above equation will cancel out.
SECTION – D
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.
∴ Wloop = 0

17. Two metal spheres A and B of radius r and 2r, whose centres are separated by a distance of 6r, 18. Derive the expression for the energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C with air
are given charge Q each and are at potential V1 and V2. Find the ratio of V1/V2. These spheres are 1
as medium between its plates having charges Q and  0 E 2 Ad where A is the area of each
connected to each other with the help of a connecting wire keeping the separation unchanged, 2
what is the amount of charge that will flow through the wire? plate and d is the separation between the plates.
Ans: How will the energy stored in a fully charged capacitor change when the separation between the

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 plates is doubled and a dielectric medium of dielectric constant 4 is introduced between the (i) If a charge +q is moved from ‘P’ to point ‘Q’ via a point ‘R’ on the surface A then how much
plates? work is done in this case?
Ans: (a) qE (b) qV (c) qF (d) Zero
Suppose at any instant of time potential difference between the capacitor plates be V. Then the
amount of work required to supply a charge dq to the capacitor is given by (ii) What will happen if the electric field become parallel to these surfaces in (i)?
dW = Vdq (a) Work done will be zero. (b) Force due to electric field will be zero.
To supply a charge Q, the work done is given by (c) Some work will be done (d) None of the above

(iii) Consider these surfaces are not at equal distances, then what will it represent?
(a) Electric field is zero. (b) Electric field is constant.
(c) Electric field is not constant. (d) Potential difference between P and Q is positive.
This work done gets stored in the form of electrostatic potential energy
(iv) What will happen if surfaces ‘B’ and ‘C’ intersect in the same field?
(a) There will be two directions of electric fields which is not possible in equipotential
surfaces.
(b) There will be two directions of electric fields, indicating equipotential surfaces.
(c) It will not affect direction of electric field.
(d) None of the above.
OR
(iv) Nature of equipotential surface for a point charge is
(a) ellipsoid with charge at foci.
(b) sphere with charge at the centre of the sphere.
(c) sphere with charge on the surface of the sphere.
(d) plane with charge on the surface.
Ans : (i) (d) As surface ‘A’ is perpendicular to electric field therefore this is an equipotential
surface. Work done to move a charge on equipotential surface is zero.
On introducing the dielectric medium of dielectric constant K = 4 between the plates, (ii) (c) In this case the electric field will exert a force on charge and the work will be done on it.
(iii)(c) If the surfaces are not equidistant that means the electric field is not constant.
(iv) (a) If surfaces B and C intersect then these will have two directions of electric field which is
not possible.
OR
(iv) (b)

20. Electric field between oppositely charged parallel conducting plates: When two plane
parallel conducting plates, having the size and spacing as shown in the figure, are given equal
and opposite charges, the field between and around them is approximately as shown, while most
The energy stored in the capacitor reduces to one-half of its original value. of the charge accumulates at the opposite faces of the plates and the field is essentially uniform
in the space between them, there is a small quantity of charge on the outer surfaces of the plates
SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions) and a certain spreading or “fringing of the field at the edges of the plates.
Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each. As the plates are made larger and the distance between them diminished, the fringing becomes
relatively less. This kind of arrangement is called capacitor.
19. Consider three surfaces A, B and C are placed perpendicular to the electric field ‘E’. These
surfaces are at equal distance from each other.

Now if two plates are separated by a distance ‘3d’, and are maintained at a potential difference
‘V’, then answer the following questions.
(i) Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends on
(a) electric charge stored.

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 (b) electric field between the plates. PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32
(c) potential difference applied.
(d) electrical permittivity of the medium between the plates. PRACTICE PAPER 06 (2024-25)
CHAPTER 06 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
(ii) If two protons are placed at points A and B respectively, then which one will experience
more force? SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40
(a) Proton at point A
(b) Proton at point B CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs
(c) Proton at points A and B both experiences same force. General Instructions:
(d) None of the above (i). All questions are compulsory.
(ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
(iii) When both the protons are released then which one will gain more K.E. just before striking (iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
the negative (–ve) plate? each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
(a) Proton released from point A marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each.
(iv). There is no overall choice.
(b) Proton released from point B
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted
(c) Proton released from points A and B will gain equal kinetic energy.
(d) No one will gain kinetic energy. SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
(iv) If one proton is moved from (I) A to B, (II) B to C, and (III) along ABCD, then work
done in cases I, II and III respectively are 1. Figure shows a rectangular conductor PSRQ in which movable arm PQ has a resistance ‘r and
(a) eED, Zero –eED resistance of PSRQ is negligible. The magnitude of emf induced when PQ is moved with a
(b) eED, Zero, Zero velocity v does not depend on
(c) –eED, +eED, Zero
(d) eED, –eED, Zero
OR
(iv) Which property of electric field is shown by part (iii) and part (iv)
(a) Non-conservative nature
(b) Conservative nature
(c) Dissipative nature
(d) None of the above
Ans: (i) (d)
(ii) (c) Both protons will experience same force.
Reason: F = qE; E = constant; q = +e (same)
(iii)(a) Reason: ∵ VD = VA > VB = VC  
[In the direction of electric field potential decreases] (a) magnetic field B (b) velocity field v (c) resistance (r) (d) length of PQ
VA > VB or ( P.D)AP2 > (P.D)BP2
∴ Gain in K.E. = q × P.D. 2. A cylindrical bar magnet is rotated about its axis (Figure). A wire is connected from the axis and
∴ Gain in K.E. of proton released from point A will be more. is made to touch the cylindrical surface through a contact. Then
W  q  P.D.
(iv) (b) Reason: WA → B = e(VB – VA)  V 
 E 
 d 
= e[E.2d – E.d] = eE.d
∵ VB = VC,
∴ WBC = 0
WABCD = WAB + WBC + WCD + WDA
= eE.d + 0 – eE.d + 0 = 0
OR (a) a direct current flows in the ammeter A.
(iv) (b) (b) no current flows through the ammeter A.(c) an alternating sinusoidal current flows through
2
the ammeter A with a time period T = .

(d) a time varying non-sinosoidal current flows through the ammeter A.

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3. There are two coils A and B as shown in Figure. A current starts flowing in B as shown, when A SECTION – B
is moved towards B and stops when A stops moving. The current in A is counterclockwise. B is Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
kept stationary when A moves. We can infer that
11. The given figure shows an inductor L and resistor R connected in parallel to a battery B through
a switch S. The resistance of R is the same as that of the coil that makes L. Two identical
bulbs, P and Q are put in each arm of the circuit as shown in the figure. When S is closed, which
of the two bulbs will light up earlier? Justify your answer.
(a) there is a constant current in the clockwise direction in A.
(b) there is a varying current in A.
(c) there is no current in A.
(d) there is a constant current in the counterclockwise direction in A.
4. When current in a coil changes from 5 A to 2 A in 0.1 s, average voltage of 50 V is produced.
The selfinductance of the coil is
(a) 1.67 H (b) 6 H (c) 3 H (d) 0.67 H
5. A coil of 100 turns carries a current of 5 mA and creates a magnetic flux of 10–5 weber. The
inductance is 12. A bar magnet M is dropped so that it falls vertically through the coil C. The graph obtained for
(a) 0.2 mH (b) 2.0 mH (c) 0.02 mH (d) 0.002 H voltage produced across the coil vs time is shown in figure (b).
(i) Explain the shape of the graph.
6. The current flows from A to B is as shown in the figure. The direction of the induced current in (ii) Why is the negative peak longer than the positive peak?
the loop is

(a) clockwise. (b) anticlockwise. (c) straight line. (d) no induced e.m.f. produced.
7. The self-inductance L of a solenoid of length l and area of cross-section A, with a fixed number
of turns N increases as
(a) l and A increase. (b) l decreases and A increases.
(c) l increases and A decreases. (d) both l and A decrease. 13. A square loop MNOP of side 20 cm is placed horizontally in a uniform magnetic field acting
vertically downwards as shown in the figure. The loop is pulled with a constant velocity of 20
8. In a coil of resistance 10 π, the induced current developed by changing magnitude of change in cms–1 till it goes out of the field.
flux through the coil is weber is

(a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 4

(i) Depict the direction of the induced current in the loop as it goes out of the field. For how long
In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of would the current in the loop persist?
reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: (ii) Plot a graph showing the variation of magnetic flux and induced emf as a function of time.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A). 14. The figure shows the variation of induced emf as a function of rate of change of current for two
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. identical solenoids X and Y. One is air cored and the other is iron cored. Which one of them is
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. iron cored? why?

9. Assertion (A): In the given figure the induced emf across the ends of the rod is
zero.
Reason (R): Motional emf is given by e = Bvl sin θ

10. Assertion (A): Mutual induction is the phenomenon in which the emf is induced in the coil due
to change in magnetic flux it.
Reason (R): It follows law of conservation of energy.

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 SECTION – C (ii) Calculate the self-inductance of a coil using the following data obtained when an AC source
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.  200 
of frequency   Hz and a DC source is applied across the coil.
  
15. State Lenz’s Law. Does it violate the principle of conservation of energy. Justify your answer. AC Source
S.No V (Volts) I (A)
16. A conducting rod, PQ, of length l, connected to a resistor R, is moved at a uniform speed, v, 1 3.0 0.5
normal to a uniform magnetic field, B, as shown in the figure.
2 6.0 1.0
3 9.0 1.5

DC Source
S.No V (Volts) I (A)
1 4.0 1.0
2 6.0 1.5
(i) Deduce the expression for the emf induced in the conductor. 3 8.0 2.0
(ii) Find the force required to move the rod in the magnetic field.
(iii) Mark the direction of induced current in the conductor.
SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)
17. Figure shows a rectangular loop conducting PQRS in which the arm PQ is free to move. A Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
uniform magnetic field acts in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Arm PQ is 19. Electromagnetic Induction:
moved with a velocity v towards the arm RS. Assuming that the arms QR, RS and SP have Consider the experimental set up shown in the figure. This jumping ring experiment is an
negligible resistances and the moving arm PQ has the resistance r, obtain the expression for (i) outstanding demonstration of some simple laws of Physics. A conducting non-magnetic ring is
the current in the loop (ii) the force and (iii) the power required to move arm PQ. placed over the vertical core of a solenoid. When current is passed through the solenoid, the ring
is thrown off.

OR
State Faraday’s laws for electromagnetic induction. Two concentric magnetic coils P and Q are
placed mutually perpendicular as shown in figure. When current is changed in any one coil, will
the current induce in another coil, will the current induce in another coil? Justify your answer.

(i) The direction of induced current in the ring in jumping ring experiment is such that the
polarity developed in the ring is same as that of the polarity on the face of the coil, then ring will
jump up due to
(a) attractive force when the switch is closed in the circuit.
(b) repulsive force when the switch is closed in the circuit.
SECTION – D (c) attractive force when the switch is closed in the circuit.
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.
(d) repulsive force when the switch is closed in the circuit.
18. (a) Define mutual inductance and write its SI units.
(ii) What will happen if the terminals of the battery are reversed and the switch is closed?
(b) Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of two long co-axial solenoids of same length
(a) Ring will not be jump. (b) Ring will jump again.
wound one over the other.
(c) Current will not induced in the ring. (d) none of these
(c) In an experiment, two coils C1 and C2 are placed close to each other. Find out the expression
for the emf induced in the coil C1 due to a change in the current through the coil C2.
(iii) The jumping ring experiment based on which of the following law?
OR
(a) Lenz’s Law (b) Faraday’s law (c) Snell’s Law (d) both (a) and (b)
(i) Define coefficient of self-induction. Obtain an expression for self-inductance of a long
solenoid of length l, area of cross-section A having N turns.
(iv) Two identical circular loops A and B of metal wire are lying on a table without touching
each other. Loop A carries a current which increases with time. In response the loop B

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 (a) remains stationary. PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32
(b) is attracted by loop A.
(c) is repelled by loop A. PRACTICE PAPER 01 (2024-25)
(d) rotates about its centre of mass with centre of mass fixed. CHAPTER 01 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
OR
An emf of 200 V is induced in a circuit when current in the circuit falls from 5 A to 0 A in 0.1 SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40
second. The self-inductance of the circuit is
(a) 3.5 H (b) 3.9 H (c) 4 H (d) 4.2 H CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs
General Instructions:
20. A solenoid is held in a vertical position. The solenoid is connected (i). All questions are compulsory.
to a sensitive, centre-zero ammeter. (ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
A vertical bar magnet is held stationary at position X just above the (iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
upper end of the solenoid as shown. The magnet is released and it each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
falls through the solenoid. During the initial stage of the fall, the marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each.
(iv). There is no overall choice.
sensitive ammeter shows a small deflection to the left
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted
(i) Why does the ammeter show deflection? SECTION – A
(a) Due to induced current starts flowing in the solenoid Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
(b) Due to magnetic flux linked with the solenoid increases
(c) Due to magnetic flux linked with the solenoid becomes constant. 1. Which of the following graphs shows the variation of electric field E due to a hollow spherical
(d) Both (a) and (b). conductor of radius R as a function of distance from the centre of the sphere?

(ii) Choose the correct graph for voltage produced across coil vs
time

2. An electric dipole of moment p is placed in the position of stable equilibrium in uniform electric
field of intensity E. It is rotated through an angle θ from the initial position. The potential energy
of electric dipole in the final position is
(a) pE cos θ (b) pE sin θ (c) pE(1 − cos θ) (d) −pE cos θ
(iii) A magnet passes the middle point of the solenoid and continues to fall, it reaches position Y.
What is observed on the ammeter as the magnet falls from middle point of the solenoid to 3. ABC is an equilateral triangle. Three charges +q are placed at each corner. The electric intensity
position Y? at O will be
(a) Ammeter will show smaller deflection as change in magnetic flux is slower.
(b) Ammeter will show smaller deflection as change in magnetic flux is faster.
(c) Ammeter will show faster deflection as change in magnetic flux is slower.
(d) Ammeter will show faster deflection as the change in magnetic flux is faster.

(iv) Suggest the change in the apparatus that would increase the initial deflection of ammeter.
(a) By using stronger magnet
(b) By using solenoid of same length with more turns. (a) 1. q/4πε0 . r2 (b) 1. q/4πε0r (c) Zero (d) 1. 3q/4πε0r2
(c) By using solenoid wire of smaller resistance
(d) All of these 4. Four charges are arranged at the corners of a square ABCD, as shown. The force on the charge
OR kept at the centre O is
(iv) Inductance plays the role of
(a) inertia (b) friction (c) source of emf (d) force

(a) zero (b) along the diagonal AC

(c) along the diagonal BD (d) perpendicular to side AB

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5. Figure shows electric field lines in which an electric dipole p is placed as shown. Which of the 10. Assertion (A): An electric dipole is placed in an electric field antiparallel to it. If it is displaced
following statements is correct? then it will come back to initial position.
Reason (R): Dipole is in stable equilibrium.

SECTION – B
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.

(a) The dipole will not experience any force. 11. S1 and S2 are two hollow concentric spheres enclosing charge Q and 2Q respectively as shown in
(b) The dipole will experience a force towards right. figure.
(c) The dipole will experience a force towards left. (i) What is the ratio of the electric flux through S1 and S2?
(d) The dipole will experience a force upwards. (ii) How will the electric flux through the sphere S1 change, if a medium of dielectric constant 5
is introduced in the space inside S1 in place of air?
6. A positive charge Q is uniformly distributed along a circular ring of radius R. A small test charge
q is placed at the centre of the ring.
Which of the following statement is not correct?

12. Define electric flux. Write its SI units. A spherical rubber balloon carries a charge that is
uniformly distributed over its surface. As the balloon is blown up and increases in size, how does
(a) If q > 0 and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring, it will be pushed back the total electric flux coming out of the surface change? Give reason.
towards the centre.
(b) If q < 0 and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring, it will never return to 13. The figure given below shows a uniformly charged non-conducting rod. What is the direction of
the centre and will continue moving till it hits the ring. electric field at point P due to the charge on the rod?
(c) If q < 0, it will perform SHM for small displacement along the axis.
(d) q at the centre of the ring is in an unstable equilibrium within the plane of the ring for q > 0.
7. Two similar spheres having +Q and −Q charges are kept at a certain distance. F force acts
between the two. If at the middle of two spheres, another similar sphere having +Q charge is
kept, then it experiences a force in magnitude and direction as
(a) zero having no direction. (b) 8F towards +Q charge.
(c) 8F towards −Q charge. (d) 4F towards +Q charge.
8. A charge Q is divided into two parts of q and Q − q. If the coulomb repulsion between them
when they are separated is to be maximum, the ratio of Q:q should be 14. A small metal sphere carrying the charge +Q is located at the centre of a spherical cavity in a
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 4 large uncharged metal sphere
as shown in the figure.
In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason Use the Gauss’s theorem to find the electric flux at points P1 and P2.
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

9. Assertion (A): In the given figure q1 is positive and q2 is negative.

Reason (R): Electric field lines emerge from positive and terminate at negative charge.
SECTION – C
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.

15. Define the term ‘electric dipole moment’. Is it a scalar or vector?

Deduce an expression for the electric field at a point on the equatorial plane of an electric dipole
of length 2a.

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16. (a) A point charge (+Q) is kept in the vicinity of uncharged conducting plate. Sketch electric (b) 5 × 10–28 N-m
field lines between the charge and the plate. (c) 50 × 10–28 N-m
(b) Two infinitely large plane thin parallel sheets having surface charge densities σ1 and σ2 (σ1 > (d) 50 × 10+28 N-m
σ2) are shown in the figure. Write the magnitudes and directions of net fields in the regions
marked II and III. (ii) What is the value of electric field at the centre of the electric dipole?
(a) It is twice the electric field due to one charge at centre.
(b) It is thrice the electric field due to one charge at centre.
(c) It is half the electric field due to one charge at centre.
(d) Zero.

(iii) What is the value of electric dipole moment calculated with the help of given graph?
(a) 2.25 × 10–28 Cm
17. Three charges Q1, Q2 and Q3 are placed inside and outside a closed Gaussian surface as shown in (b) 2.5 × 10–29 Cm
the figure. (c) 1.25 × 10–28 Cm
(d) 2.5 × 10–29 Cm
(iv) Two charge 20 C and –20 C are separated from each other by a distance of 2 cm. Then what
is the magnitude of electric dipole moment
(a) 0
(b) 0.2 cm
Answer the following: (c) 0.4 cm
(a) Which charges contribute to the electric field at any point on the Gaussian surface? (d) 0.8 cm
(b) Which charges contribute to the net flux through this surface? OR
(c) If Q1 = –Q2, will electric field on the surface be zero? (iv) An electric dipole of dipole moment P is placed in an electric field E. The torque exerted by
the field on the dipole is:
SECTION – D (a) Parallel to both the field and the dipole moment.
Questions 18 carry 5 marks. (b) Perpendicular to both the field and the dipole moment.
18. (a) State Gauss’s law. Use it to deduce the expression for the electric field due to a uniformly (c) Parallel to the field and perpendicular to the dipole moment.
charged thin spherical shell at points (i) inside and (ii) outside the shell. (d) Parallel to dipole moment and perpendicular to the field.
(b) Two identical metallic spheres A and B having charges +4Q and –10Q are kept a certain
distance apart. A third identical uncharged sphere C is first placed in contact with sphere A and 20. In electrostatics, electric flux is the measure of the electric field through a given surface,
then with sphere B. although an electric field in itself cannot flow. It is a way of describing the electric field strength
Spheres A and B are then brought in contact and then separated. Find the charges on the at any distance from the charge causing the field. Now, consider a cube of each edge 0.30 m is
spheres A and B. placed with its one corner at the origin. The cube is placed in a non-uniform electric field.

SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
19. An electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charge separated by a small distance. When
an electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field, it experiences a torque but no force.
Consider an electric dipole of dipole moment ‘P’ is placed in an electric field of magnitude 40
N/C. A graph for torque experienced by a dipole versus its angular position with respect to
electric field is shown below.

(i) The surfaces that have zero electric flux are

(a) S1 and S2
(b) S1 and S6
(i) What is the torque when the dipole is placed perpendicular to the electric field? (c) S2 and S4
(a) 5 × 1028 N-m (d) S1 and S3

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 PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32
(ii) Electric flux passing through surface S1 is
(a) –0.27 Nm2C–1 PRACTICE PAPER 02 (2024-25)
(b) 0.27 Nm2C–1 CHAPTER 02 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
(c) –0.18 Nm2C–1
(d) –0.18 Nm2C–1 SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40
(iii)Electric flux passing through surface S4 is CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs
(a) –0.18 Nm2C–1 General Instructions:
(b) +0.18 Nm2C–1 (i). All questions are compulsory.
(c) +0.27 Nm2C–1 (ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
(d) zero (iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
(iv) Total net flux passing through the cube if N/C marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each.
(a) zero (iv). There is no overall choice.
(b) –0.18 Nm2C–1 (v). Use of Calculators is not permitted
(c) 0.18 Nm2C–1
(d) 0.27 Nm2C–1
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
OR
(iv) Total charge enclosed inside the cube is 1. Figures show some equipotential lines distributed in space. A charged object is moved from
(a) 0 point A to point B.
(b) –1.62 pC
(c) +1.62 pC
(d) 2.4 pC

(a) The work done in Fig. (i) is the greatest.

(b) The work done in Fig. (ii) is least.
(c) The work done is the same in Fig. (i), Fig.(ii) and Fig. (iii).
(d) The work done in Fig. (iii) is greater than Fig. (ii) but equal to that in Fig. (i).
2. Find the equivalent capacitance of the system across the terminals A and B. All the capacitors
have equal capacitances.

(a) 2 C (b) 4 C (c) 3 C (d) 5 C

3. The capacitors of capacitance 4 F, 6 F and 12 F are connected first in series and then in parallel.
What is the ratio of equivalent capacitance in the two cases?
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 11 : 1 (c) 1 : 11 (d) 1 : 3
4. A parallel plate capacitor with air as medium between the plates has a capacitance of 10 μF. The
area of capacitor is divided into two equal halves and filled with two media having dielectric
constant k1 = 2 and k2 = 4 as shown in the figure. The capacitance of the system will now be

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 (a) 10 μF (b) 20 μF (c) 30 μF (d) 40 μF SECTION – B
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
5. A point P lies at a distance x from the mid point of an electric dipole on its axis. The electric
potential at point P is proportional to 11. Draw a plot showing the variation of (i) electric field (E and (ii) electric potential (V) with
1 1 1 1 distance r due to a point charge Q.
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) (d) 1/ 2
x x x x
12. The given graph shows that variation of charge q versus potential difference V for two
6. A charge Q is located at the centre of a circle of radius r. capacitors C1 and C2. The two capacitors have same plate separation but the plate area of C2 is
The work done in moving a test charge q0 from point A to point B (at opposite ends of diameter double than that of C1. Which of the lines in the graph correspond to C1 and C2 and why?
 1 
AB) so as to complete a semicircle is  k  
 4 0 
q0 Q Qq0
(a) k (b) (c) kq0Qr (d) Zero
r r2

7. Each of the graphs below represents the variation of electrostatic potential with distance in the
R
region around a source charge, that is, either a point charge or a continuous charge distribution. 13. There is a point charge Q at a distance from the centre of a circle of
Identify the most relevant V(r) vs r graph due to a uniform charged insulated sphere. 2
radius R. Another point charge q is to be moved from A to B,
where A and B are two points on the circle diametrically opposite to
each other. How
much work is done by the electrostatic force exerted by Q on q?

14. A charge Q is given to three capacitors C1, C2 and C3 connected in parallel. Determine the charge
on each.
8. In the electric field of a point charge q , a certain charge is carried from point A to B, C, D and E.
Then the work done SECTION – C
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.

15. Three concentric metallic shells A, B and C of radii a, b and c (a < b < c) have surface charge
densities + σ, – σ and + σ respectively as shown in the figure.
If shells A and C are at the same potential, then obtain the relation between the radii a, b, c.

(a) is least along the path AB. (b) is least along the path AD.
(c) is zero along all the paths AB, AC, AD and AE. (d) is least along AE.

In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true. 16. (a) Obtain the expression for the energy stored per unit volume in a charged parallel plate
capacitor.
9. Assertion (A): Work done in moving a charge around a closed path, in an electric field is always (b) The electric field inside a parallel plate capacitor is E. Find the amount of work done in
zero. moving a charge q over a closed rectangular loop a b c d a.
Reason (R): Electrostatic force is a conservative force.

10. Assertion (A): A parallel plate capacitor is connected across a battery. A dielectric slab of
dielectric constant K is introduced between the plates. The energy stored becomes 1/K times.
Reason (R): Energy does not depend on dielectric constant.

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 OR
17. Two metal spheres A and B of radius r and 2r, whose centres are separated by a distance of 6r, (iv) Nature of equipotential surface for a point charge is
are given charge Q each and are at potential V1 and V2. Find the ratio of V1/V2. These spheres are (a) ellipsoid with charge at foci.
connected to each other with the help of a connecting wire keeping the separation unchanged, (b) sphere with charge at the centre of the sphere.
what is the amount of charge that will flow through the wire? (c) sphere with charge on the surface of the sphere.
OR (d) plane with charge on the surface.
Show by graph how q given to a capacitor varies with its potential difference.
Using the graph or otherwise, prove that the energy of a capacitor is 1/2 CV2. Calculate the 20. Electric field between oppositely charged parallel conducting plates: When two plane
energy density of the electrostatic field in a parallel plate capacitor. parallel conducting plates, having the size and spacing as shown in the figure, are given equal
and opposite charges, the field between and around them is approximately as shown, while most
SECTION – D of the charge accumulates at the opposite faces of the plates and the field is essentially uniform
Questions 18 carry 5 marks. in the space between them, there is a small quantity of charge on the outer surfaces of the plates
and a certain spreading or “fringing of the field at the edges of the plates.
As the plates are made larger and the distance between them diminished, the fringing becomes
18. Derive the expression for the energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C with air relatively less. This kind of arrangement is called capacitor.
1
as medium between its plates having charges Q and  0 E 2 Ad where A is the area of each
2
plate and d is the separation between the plates.
How will the energy stored in a fully charged capacitor change when the separation between the
plates is doubled and a dielectric medium of dielectric constant 4 is introduced between the
plates?

SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
Now if two plates are separated by a distance ‘3d’, and are maintained at a potential difference
19. Consider three surfaces A, B and C are placed perpendicular to the electric field ‘E’. These
‘V’, then answer the following questions.
surfaces are at equal distance from each other.
(i) Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depends on
(a) electric charge stored. (b) electric field between the plates.
(c) potential difference applied. (d) electrical permittivity of the medium between the plates.

(ii) If two protons are placed at points A and B respectively, then which one will experience
more force?
(a) Proton at point A (b) Proton at point B
(c) Proton at points A and B both experiences same force. (d) None of the above

(iii) When both the protons are released then which one will gain more K.E. just before striking
the negative (–ve) plate?
(a) Proton released from point A
(i) If a charge +q is moved from ‘P’ to point ‘Q’ via a point ‘R’ on the surface A then how much (b) Proton released from point B
work is done in this case? (c) Proton released from points A and B will gain equal kinetic energy.
(a) qE (b) qV (c) qF (d) Zero (d) No one will gain kinetic energy.
(ii) What will happen if the electric field become parallel to these surfaces in (i)?
(a) Work done will be zero. (b) Force due to electric field will be zero. (iv) If one proton is moved from (I) A to B, (II) B to C, and (III) along ABCD, then work
(c) Some work will be done (d) None of the above done in cases I, II and III respectively are
(a) eED, Zero –eED (b) eED, Zero, Zero
(iii) Consider these surfaces are not at equal distances, then what will it represent? (c) –eED, +eED, Zero (d) eED, –eED, Zero
(a) Electric field is zero. (b) Electric field is constant. OR
(c) Electric field is not constant. (d) Potential difference between P and Q is positive. (iv) Which property of electric field is shown by part (iii) and part (iv)
(a) Non-conservative nature (b) Conservative nature
(iv) What will happen if surfaces ‘B’ and ‘C’ intersect in the same field?
(c) Dissipative nature (d) None of the above
(a) There will be two directions of electric fields which is not possible in equipotential
surfaces.
(b) There will be two directions of electric fields, indicating equipotential surfaces.
(c) It will not affect direction of electric field.
(d) None of the above.

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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32 (c) The path of the electron will be helical.
(d) The electron will continue to move with the same velocity v along the axis of the solenoid.
PRACTICE PAPER 04 (2024-25)
CHAPTER 04 MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM 4. Three long, straight parallel wires, carrying current are arranged as shown in the figure. The
force experienced by a 25 cm length of wire C is
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40
CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs
General Instructions:
(i). All questions are compulsory.
(ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
(iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each.
(iv). There is no overall choice.
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted (a) 10–3 N (b) 2.5 × 10–3 N (c) zero (d) 1.5 × 103 N
SECTION – A 5. What is the net force on the rectangular coil?
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. Two charged particles each carrying same charge q, but of different masses mp and mq enter the
magnetic field B with speed Vp and Vq respectively.

(a) 25 × 10–7 N towards wire. (b) 25 × 10–7 N away from wire.

For the trajectories followed by P and Q as shown, which of the following condition is true? (c) 35 × 10–7 N towards wire. (d) 35 × 10–7 N away from wire.
(a) mpVp > mqVq (b) mpVp < mqVq (c) mpVp = mqVq (d) mp = mq and Vp = Vq
6. A rectangular loop carrying a current i is situated near a long straight wire such that the wire is
2. A current I is flowing through the loop as shown in the figure (MA = R, MB = 2R). The parallel to the one of the sides of the loop and is in the plane of the loop. If a steady current I is
I established in wire as shown in figure, the loop will
magnetic field at the centre of the loop is 0 times:
R

(a) rotate about an axis parallel to the wire.

(b) move away from the wire or towards right.
(c) move towards the wire.
5 5
(a) , into the plane of the paper (b) , out of the plane of the paper (d) remain stationary.
16 16
7 7 7. An electron is projected with uniform velocity along the axis of a current carrying long solenoid.
(c) , out of the plane of the paper (d) , into the plane of the paper
16 16 Which of the following is true?
(a) The electron will be accelerated along the axis.
3. An electron is projected with velocity v along the axis of a current carrying long solenoid. Which (b) The electron path will be circular about the axis.
one of the following statements is true? (c) The electron will experience a force at 45° to the axis and hence execute a helical path.
(a) The path of the electron will be circular about the axis. (d) The electron will continue to move with uniform velocity along the axis of the solenoid.
(b) The electron will be accelerated along the axis.

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8. A current carrying closed loop of an irregular shape lying in more than one plane when placed in The direction of current in both the loops is clockwise as seen from O which is equidistant from
uniform magnetic field, the force acting on it both loops. Find the magnitude of the net magnetic field at point O.
(a) will be more in the plane where its larger position is covered.
(b) is zero. SECTION – C
(c) is infinite. Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.
(d) may or may not be zero.
15. A fine pencil of β-particles, moving with a speed v, enters a region (reigon I), where a uniform
In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason electric field and a uniform magnetic field both are present. These β-particles then move into
(R). Mark the correct choice as: region II, where only the magnetic field, (out of the two fields present in region I) exists. The
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A). path of the β-particles, in the two regions is as shown in the figure.
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

9. Assertion (A): Ampere’s circuital law is not independent of the Biot-Savart law.
Reason (R): Ampere’s circuital law can be derived from Biot-Savart law.
10. Assertion (A): The magnetic lines of force of a straight current carrying conductor are (i) State the direction of the magnetic field.
concentric circles with the wire at the centre and in a plane perpendicular to the wire. (ii) State the relation between E and B in region I.
Reason (R): If the current flows upwards, he lines of force have anticlockwise direction and if (iii) Derive the expression for the radius of the circular path of the β-particle in region II.
the current flows downwards, then the lines of force have clockwise direction.

SECTION – B 16. Deduce the expression for the magnetic dipole moment of an electron orbiting around the central
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each. nucleus.
11. (i) Write the expression for the magnetic force acting on a charged particle moving with velocity 17. A cell of emf ε and internal resistance r is connected across a variable load resistor R. Draw the
v in the presence of magnetic field B. plots of the terminal voltage V versus (i) R and (ii) the current I. It is found that when R = 4 Ω,
(ii) A neutron, an electron and an alpha particle moving with equal velocities, enter a uniform the current is 1 A and when R is increased to 9 Ω, the current reduces to 0.5 A. Find the values of
magnetic field going into the plane of the paper as shown. Trace their paths in the field and the emf ε and internal resistance r.
justify your answer
SECTION – D
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.

18. (a) State Biot-Savart’s law and express this law in the vector form.
(b) Two identical circular coils, P and Q each of radius R, carrying currents 1 A and √3 A
respectively, are placed concentrically and perpendicular to each other lying in the XY and YZ
planes. Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at the centre of the coils.

12. Define the current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer. “Increasing the current sensitivity
may not necessarily increase the voltage sensitivity.” Justify this statement.

13. A circular coil of N turns and radius R carries a current I. It is unwound and rewound to make
another coil of radius R/2, current I remaining the same. Calculate the ratio of the magnetic
moments of the new coil and the original coil.

14. Two identical circular loops, P and Q, each of radius r and carrying currents I and 2I respectively
are lying in parallel planes such that they have a common axis. SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
19. Helical Motion
The path of a charged particle in magnetic field depends upon angle between velocity and
magnetic field.

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 
If velocity v is at angle q to B , component of velocity parallel to magnetic field (v cosθ) remains
constant and component of velocity perpendicular to magnetic field (v sinθ) is responsible for
circular motion, thus the charge particle moves in a helical path.

The plane of the circle is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the axis of the helix is parallel
Force on side PQ or RS of loop is F = IbB sin 90° = Ib B and perpendicular distance between
to the magnetic field. The charged particle moves along helical path touching the line parallel to
two non-collinear forces is r⊥ = a sinθ
the magnetic field passing through the starting point after each rotation.
So, torque on the loop, t = IAB
 sinθ

Radius of circular path is r = mvsinθ/qB
In vector form torque,   M  B
Hence
 the resultant path of the charged particle will be a helix, with its axis along the direction  
Where M  NI A is called magnetic dipole moment of current loop and is directed in direction of
of B as shown in figure. 
area vector A i.e., normal to the plane of loop.
(i) When a positively charged particle enters into a uniform magnetic field with uniform velocity, (i) A circular loop of area 1 cm2, carrying a current of 10 A is placed in a magnetic field of 0.1 T
its trajectory can be perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The torque on the loop due to the magnetic field is
(i) a straight line (ii) a circle (iii) a helix. (a) zero (b) 10–4 N m (c) 10–2 N m (d) 1 N m
(a) (i) only (b) (i) or (ii) (c) (i) or (iii) (d) any one of (i), (ii) and (iii)
(ii) Relation between magnetic moment and angular velocity is
(ii) Two charged particles A and B having the same charge, mass and speed enter into a magnetic (a) M ∝  (b) M ∝ 2 (c) M ∝ √ (d) none of these
field in such a way that the initial path of A makes an angle of 30° and that of B makes an angle
of 90° with the field. Then the trajectory of (iii) A current loop in a magnetic field
(a) B will have smaller radius of curvature than that of A (a) can be in equilibrium in two orientations, both the equilibrium states are unstable
(b) both will have the same curvature (b) can be in equilibrium in two orientations, one stable while the other is unstable
(c) A will have smaller radius of curvature than that of B (c) experiences a torque whether the field is uniform or non uniform in all orientations
(d) both will move along the direction of their original velocities. (d) can be in equilibrium in one orientation.

(iii) An electron having momentum 2.4 × 10–23 kg m/s enters a region of uniform magnetic field (iv) The magnetic moment of a current I carrying circular coil of radius r and number of turns N
of 0.15 T. The field vector makes an angle of 30° with the initial velocity vector of the electron. varies as
The radius of the helical path of the electron in the field shall be (a) 1/r2 (b) 1/r (c) r (d) r2
(a) 2 mm (b) 1 mm (c) √3/2 mm (d) 0.5 mm

(iv) The magnetic field in a certain region of space is given by B = 8.35  102 i T. A proton is

shot into the field with velocity v = (2 105 i  4 105 j ) m/s. The proton follows a helical path in
the field. The distance moved by proton in the x-direction during the period of one revolution in
the yz-plane will be
(Mass of proton = 1.67 × 10–27 kg)
(a) 0.053 m (b) 0.136 m (c) 0.157 m (d) 0.236 m

20. Torque on a Rectangular Loop Placed in Uniform Magnetic Field

When a rectangular loop PQRS of sides  ‘a’ and ‘b’ carrying current I is placed in uniform
magnetic field B, such that area vector A makes an angle θ with direction of magnetic field, then
forces on the arms QR and SP of loop are equal, opposite and collinear, thereby perfectly cancel
each other, whereas forces on the arms PQ and RS of loop are equal and opposite but not
collinear, so they give rise to torque on the loop.

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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD–32
PRACTICE PAPER 05 (2024-25)
CHAPTER 05 MAGNETISM AND MATTER

SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40

CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs
General Instructions: 6. A long solenoid has 1000 turns per metre and carries a current of 1 A. It has a soft iron core of
(i). All questions are compulsory. μr = 1000. The core is heated beyond the Curie temperature, Tc.
(ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E. (a) The H field in the solenoid is (nearly) unchanged but the B field decreases drastically.
(iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks (b) The H and B fields in the solenoid are nearly unchanged.
each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
(c) The magnetisation in the core reverses direction.
marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each.
(d) The magnetisation in the core does not diminishes.
(iv). There is no overall choice.
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted
7. A magnet of dipole moment M is aligned in equilibrium position in a magnetic field of intensity
SECTION – A B. The work done to rotate it through an angle θ with the magnetic field is
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each. (a) MB sin θ (b) MB cos θ (c) MB (1 – cos θ) (d) MB (1 – sin θ)
1. The figure below shows the North and South poles of a permanent magnet in which n turn coil of 8. A magnetic needle suspended parallel to a magnetic field requires √3 J of work to turn it through
area of cross – section A is resting, such that for a current I passed through the coil, the plane of 60°. The torque needed to maintain the needle in this position will be
the coil makes an angle θ with respect to the direction of magnetic field B. If the plane of the 3
magnetic field B. (a) 2 √3 J (b) 3 J (c) √3 J (d) J
2
The torque on the coil will be.
(a) τ = nIAB cosθ
In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(b) τ = nIAB sinθ
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
(c) τ = nIAB
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(d) None of the above, since the magnetic field is radial
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
2. A uniform magnetic field exists in space in the plane of paper and is initially directed from left to
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
right. When a bar of soft iron is placed in the field parallel to it, the lines of force passing through
it will be represented by 9. Assertion (A): The poles of magnet cannot be separated by breaking into two pieces.
Reason (R): The magnetic moment will be reduced to half when a magnet is broken into two
equal pieces.

10. Assertion (A): The ferromagnetic substances do not obey Curie’s law.
Reason (R): At Curie point a ferromagnetic substance start behaving as a paramagnetic
substance.
3. A magnetic dipole moment of a bar magnet is a vector quantity directed:
(a) upward at perpendicular bisector to the line joining to north pole and south pole SECTION – B
(b) from North pole to South pole Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
(c) downward at perpendicular bisector to the line joining to north pole and south pole
(d) from South pole to North pole 11. Explain the following:
(i) Why do magnetic lines of force form continuous closed loops?
4. A toroid of n turns, mean radius R and cross-sectional radius a carries current I. It is placed on a (ii) Why are the field lines repelled (expelled) when a diamagnetic material is placed in an
horizontal table taken as x-y plane. Its magnetic moment m external uniform magnetic field?
(a) is non-zero and points in the z-direction by symmetry.
(b) points along the axis of the tortoid (m = mφ). 12. Define magnetic susceptibility of a material. Name two elements, one having positive
1 susceptibility and the other having negative susceptibility. What does negative susceptibility
(c) is zero, otherwise there would be a field falling at 3 large distances outside the toroid. signify?
r
(d) is pointing radially outwards.
13. The following figure shows the variation of intensity of magnetisation versus the applied
magnetic field intensity, H, for two magnetic materials A and B:
5. The variation of magnetic susceptibility with the temperature of a ferromagnetic material can be
plotted as

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 Find the magnetic field at the point that is midway along the distance of separation between the
two dipoles.
OR
Depict the field-line pattern due to a current carrying solenoid of finite length.
(i) In what way do these lines differ from those due to an electric dipole?
(ii) Why can’t two magnetic field lines intersect each other?

(a) Identify the materials A and B.

(b) Why does the material B, have a larger susceptibility than A, for a given field at constant
temperature?

14. The diagrams given in the figure (a) and (b) show magnetic field lines (thick lines in the figure)
wrongly. Point out what is wrong with them. Some of them may describe electrostatic field lines
correctly. Point out which ones.

17. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 0.9 J/T is placed with its axis at 30° to a uniform
magnetic field. It experiences a torque of 0.063 J.
(i) Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field.
(ii) In which orientation will the bar magnet be in stable equilibrium in the magnetic field?

SECTION – D
SECTION – C Questions 18 carry 5 marks.
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.
18. Derive an expression for magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole at a point on its axial
15. (i) A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown below when two specimens X and Y are line.
placed in it. Identify whether specimens X and Y are diamagnetic, paramagnetic or
ferromagnetic. SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
19. Gauss’s Law for Magnetism
By analogy to Gauss’s law of electrostatics, we can write Gauss’s law of magnetism as
   
(ii) How is the magnetic permeability of specimen X different from that of specimen Y?  B.ds  0 minside where  B.ds is the magnetic flux and minside is the net pole strength inside the
OR closed surface. We do not have an isolated magnetic pole in nature. At least none has been found
Define the term magnetic permeability of a magnetic material. Write any two characteristics of a to exist till date. The smallest unit of the source of magnetic field is a magnetic dipole where the
magnetic substance if it is to be used to make a permanent magnet. Give an example of such a net magnetic pole is zero. Hence, the net magnetic pole enclosed by any closed surface is always
material. zero. Correspondingly, the flux of the magnetic field through any closed surface is zero.

16. Two identical magnetic dipoles each of magnetic dipole moment 2 Am2 are placed with their
axes perpendicular to each other with a distance of separation being r = 2 m between them.

(i) Consider the two idealised systems

(I) a parallel plate capacitor with large plates and small separation and
(II) a long solenoid of length L >> R, radius of cross‑section.

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 
In (I) E is ideally treated as a constant between plates and zero outside. In (ii) magnetic field is (a) will become rigid showing no movement
constant inside the solenoid and zero outside. These idealised assumptions, however, contradict (b) will stay in any position
fundamental laws as below (c) will stay in north-south direction only
(a) case (I) contradicts Gauss’s law for electrostatic fields. (d) will stay in east-west direction only.
(b) case (II) contradicts Gauss’s law for magnetic fields. OR
  (v) Select the correct statement from the following.
(c) case (I) agrees with  E.dl = 0.
  (a) The magnetic dip is zero at the centre of the earth.
(d) case (II) contradicts  H .dl = Ien. (b) Magnetic dip decreases as we move away from the equator towards the magnetic pole.
(c) Magnetic dip increases as we move away from the equator towards the magnetic pole.
(ii) The net magnetic flux through any closed surface, kept in a magnetic field is (d) Magnetic dip does not vary from place to place.
(a) zero (b) μ0/4π (c) 4πμ0 (d) 4μ0/π

(iii) A closed surface S encloses a magnetic dipole of magnetic moment 2ml. The magnetic flux
emerging from the surface is
(a) μ0m (b) zero (c) 2μ0m (d) 2m/μ0

(iv) Which of the following is not a consequence of Gauss’s law?

(a) The magnetic poles always exist as unlike pairs of equal strength.
(b) If several magnetic lines of force enter in a closed surface, then an equal number of lines of
force must leave that surface.
(c) There are abundant sources or sinks of the magnetic field inside a closed surface.
(d) Isolated magnetic poles do not exist.
OR
(v) The surface integral of a magnetic field over a surface
(a) is proportional to mass enclosed (b) is proportional to charge enclosed
(c) is zero (d) equal to its magnetic flux through that surface.

20. Elements of the Earth’s Magnetic Field

The earth’s magnetic field at a point on its surface is usually characterised by three quantities: (a)
declination (b) inclination or dip and (c) horizontal component of the field. These are known as
the elements of the earth’s magnetic field. At a place, angle between geographic meridian and
magnetic meridian is defined as magnetic declination, whereas angle made by the earth’s
magnetic field with the horizontal in magnetic meridian is known as magnetic dip.

(i) In a certain place, the horizontal component of magnetic field is 1/√3 times the vertical
component. The angle of dip at this place is
(a) zero (b) π/3 (c) π/2 (d) π/6

(ii) The angle between the true geographic north and the north shown by a compass needle is
called as
(a) inclination (b) magnetic declination (c) angle of meridian (d) magnetic pole.

(iii) The angles of dip at the poles and the equator respectively are
(a) 30°, 60° (b) 0°, 90° (c) 45°, 90° (d) 90°, 0°

(iv) A compass needle which is allowed to move in a horizontal plane is taken to a geomagnetic
pole. It
Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 5 - Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 6 -