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Impulse and Average Force

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17 views27 pages

Impulse and Average Force

Uploaded by

jasverventura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Impulse and

Average
Force
~ Rotational Motion ~
Example #1
A 0.055kg tennis ball moving to
the right with speed of 10 m/s is
struck by a tennis racket causing
it to move with a speed of 15
m/s to the left. If the ball
remains in contact with the
racket for 0.04 seconds, what is
the magnitude of the average
force experienced by the ball?
Example #1
Solution
Δp=mΔv
Δp=(0.055kg)(15m/s-10m/s)
Δp=(0.055kg)(5m/s)
Δp=(0.275kg*m/s)

F(average)= Δp/t
F(average)= 0.275kg*m/s / 0.04s
F(average)= -6.875N
Why it is negative? The tennis ball is
moving right with a speed of 10m/s and
struck by the tennis racket to the left at a
speed of 15m/s. So, in this case, the last
direction of the ball is moving to the left.
That’s why it has a negative sign.
Example #2
A truck that has 47kg of mass
moving to the left with speed of
12 m/s is hit by a car from the
left causing it to move to the
right with a speed of 15 m/s to
the left. If the truck remains in
contact with the car for 0.02
seconds, what is the magnitude
of the average force
experienced by the truck?
Example #2
Solution
Δp=mΔv
Δp=(47kg)(12m/s-15m/s)
Δp=(47kg)(-3m/s)
Δp=(-141 kg*m/s)

F(average)= Δp/t
F(average)= -141 kg*m/s / 0.02s
F(average)= -7050 N
Conservation of
Momentum
Conservation of
Momentum
In a collision between two objects,
both objects experience forces
that are equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction. Such forces
often cause one object to speed
up (gain momentum) and the other
object to slow down (lose
momentum). These forces are an
action – reaction force.
Conservation of
Momentum
Hence, the collision does not change
the total momentum of the two
particles. Whatever momentum is lost
or gained by one particle in the
collision is gained or lost by the other.
The total momentum of the system is
conserved
~ Rotational Motion ~
Definition
In our studies of rotational motion in
the previous chapters, we introduced
the concepts of position, velocity, and
acceleration. Because rotational
motion is usually involves motion along
a trajectory or line in space, it is
commonly referred to as linear motion.
Hence, the rotational velocity and
acceleration are often referred to as
the linear velocity and linear
acceleration.
Definition
To deal with rotational motion, we now need
to define the analogous rotational
quantities: angular position, angular
velocity, and angular acceleration. We
encountered angular position when we
studied circular motion. Circular motion is
related to rotational motion: in both cases,
an object or a point on an object moves in a
circular path. A simple particle undergoing
circular motion thus closely resembles a
point on a rotating wheel or cylinder.
Definition
Angular position represents the orientation
of a line with another line or plane. Angular
position is quantified by measuring how far
the body is rotated from the reference
position. The angular position is denoted by
the symbol theta (θ) and can be measured
in degrees (°), radians (rads) or revolutions.
Definition
Angular velocity is the angular
displacement of a body per unit of time. As
radians (rad) and seconds (s) are the SI
units of angular displacement and time,
respectively, the SI unit of angular velocity is
radian per second (rad/s). Angular velocity
is also sometimes expressed in terms of
revolution per second (rev/s).
Definition
Angular Acceleration is defined as the time
rate of change of angular velocity. It is
usually expressed in radians per second per
second. Thus, α = d ω d t. The angular
acceleration is also known as rotational
acceleration.
ω - lower case Greek omega
a - lower case Greek alpha
Examples:
Example:
“A fan”
A good example of rotational motion is a
ceiling fan. Suppose the fan is spinning,
(i.e., rotating) at a constant angular
velocity 85 rpm. Let’s calculate the angular
velocity in rad/s and also find the total
rotation angle after exactly 5 minutes.

To convert from units of rpm to rad/s, we


know that one complete revolution
corresponds to 2 radians, so calculating
gives (to two significant figures)
Example:
“A fan”
Example:
“A fan”
In this example, is constant, so
the instantaneous angular velocity
equals the average angular
velocity. We can therefore
rearrange to get the angular
displacement :
Example:
“A fan”
Inserting our value for and using = 5 min
= 300 s, we have;

Note that = 2 700 rad corresponds to (2 700 rad)


x (1 rev/2 rad) = 430 revolutions.
Another Example:
Another Example:
Angular Velocity of the Earth
The Earth rotates about the axis that
connects the North and South Poles.
Find the Earth’s angular velocity in
rad/s.
Solution:
The Earth completes one rotation
1rev = 2(3.14) rad) every day, so its
angular velocity is simply 1.0rev/day
Another Example:
Expressing 1.0rev/day in rad/s, we find;
Another Example:
A DVD used to view a movie does not spin with a constant angular
velocity. Instead, it spins most rapidly when images are being read
from regions nearest the rotation axis (the inner axis “tracks” near
the center of the disc) and slowest when images are played from
regions near the edge of the disc (the outer “tracks”. If the angular
velocity decreases uniformly from ω = 1,500 rpm to 630 rpm as the
DVD is scanned from the innermost to the outermost track, what is
the angular acceleration? Assume the DVD contains a movie that
lasts 110 min.
Another Example:
Solution:
We are given that the angular velocity decreases uniformly, which
means that the angular acceleration is constant; hence a = average
acceleration. We can compute “a” from the change in ω during the
110 min it takes to play the DVD.
The angular velocity ω decreases from 1,500 rpm to 630 rpm as the
DVD player moves from the inside to the outside tracks. Because
“a” is constant, we can use the time interval that is not
infinitesimally small. The angular acceleration is then given by
Another Example:
Solution:
The initial angular velocity is ω(initial) = 1500 rpm and the final
angular velocity is ω(final) = 630 rpm, which leads to
Another Example:
Solution:
We now need to convert the units and express the answer in
rad/s^2
Thank you
very much!
~ Sir Jeyz ~

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