“A”

Project Report
On

“Computer Network & it’s topologies”

Submitted & Present in the fulfilment of therequirement for
the award of

Diploma in Information Technology

By

Mr. Prashant Ambule

Mr. Shubam Sagar

Mr. Viraj Pardeshi

Mr. Prathmesh Aware

Under the Guidance of

Ms. Jadhav C. P.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

NEW SATARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT POLY (2023-2024)

 NEW SATARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEETING AND
MANAGEMENT KORTI-PANDARPUR

Certificate

This is to certify that the project report “Computer Network & its
topologies” has been presented successfully and submitted by.
Name of the Student: -
Name Seat No.
Mr.Prashant Ambule 262340
Mr. Shubam Sagar 262338

Mr. Viraj Pardeshi 262339

Mr. Prathmesh Aware 262341
Student of IT (Information Technology) class in the fulfillment for
the award of Diploma in Information Technology Engineering as per
curriculum laid by Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
Mumbai duringthe academic year 2023-2024.

Project Guide H.O.D Principal

(Ms.Jadhav C.P.) (Prof. Puri S.B.) (Prof. Londhe V.H.)
 Declaration

We hereby declare that the project report entitled “Prepare a Small

Report on Computer Network & its topologies” is completed and submitted

by me for the award of diploma engineering in Information Technology

branch, NSCOEM, College Korti, Pandharpur.

The partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the diploma of

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY is a project work carried out by me under the

guidance of Ms. Jadhav C.P. I further declare that the work reported in this

project has not submitted and will not be submitted, either in part or full, for

the award of diploma engineering in this institute or any other university or

examination body.

PLACE- KORTI, PANDARPUR

DATE-

Mr. Prashant Ambule

Mr. Shubam Sagar

Mr. Viraj Pardeshi

Mr. Prathmesh Aware
 Acknowledgement

I hereby declare that the work presented in this Mini project report entitled,
“Prepare a Small Report on Computer Network & its topologies” in partial
fulfilment for the Diploma of "Information Technology" in Computer Science &
Engineering. Our extreme gratitude to Prof. Puri S.B. who guided us throughout
the project. Without his willing disposition, spirit of accommodation, frankness,
timely clarification and above all faith in us, this project could not have been
completed in due time.

Project member:
Mr.Prashant Ambue
Mr. Shubam Sagar

Mr. Viraj Pardeshi

Mr.Prathmesh Aware
 Abstract

Student admissions are playing very important role in major activities of the

any university as the basicrequirement of the university is students and without

student’s university cannot survive. An inefficient admission application system

may reduce the number of admitted student in the esteemed university

because if the admission system is slow and having many delays in the process.

When considering Palestine students this is unfortunate, but when considering

Palestinian international students, it can mean the difference between success

and failure because of the large sums of money each brings to the university’s

economy. This project is to design and develop the Diploma and local

admission process at the institute to develop an easy-to-use system that will

significantly quicken and simplify this process.

  Introduction:
A computer network is defined as a collection of computers connected that
follow similar protocols and allow the computer to interact with another
computer and share its resources, data, and applications.

A network topology defines the physical interconnection of its constituent

elements. We can say that the topology of a network defines how the various
nodes of the network are interconnected. Here the interconnection can be real
or logical. The term Real implies physical or actual connection and logical
interconnection refers to the way data is exchanged between the constituents.

With this article, we will learn the different types of network topology- Bus,
Star, Mesh, Ring, Tree, and Hybrid, their orientation and uses.

 Types of Network Topology:

The way to arrange or connect patterns of computers/nodes/devices used
in the network is known as network topology. The common types of network
topologies are as follows:

1. Bus topology:
2. Star Topology:
3. Ring Topology:
4. Mesh Topology:
5. Tree Topology:
6. Hybrid Topology:
1. BUS Topology:

Bus topology is a type of network in which each computer and network device
is joined to a single cable. When it consists of exactly two endpoints, then it is
called Linear Bus topology.

 Features of BUS Topology

1. It sends data only in one direction.
2. Every device is linked to a single cable.

 Advantage of BUS Topology

1. Cost-effective.
2. Cable requirement is minimal as compared to other topologies.
3. Useful in small networks.
4. Easy to understand.
5. Easy to expand by connecting two cables.

 Disadvantage of BUS Topology

1. The whole network fails if cables fail.
2. The performance of the network decreases in case network traffic is heavy or
nodes are more or the cable has a limited length.
3. It works slower as compared to the ring topology.
 RING Topology

It is named ring topology because it creates a ring as each computer is

linked to the neighbouring computer, with the last one linked to the first, there
are exactly two neighbours for each computer.

 Features of RING Topology

1. In this topology, no. of repeaters are utilized.
2. The data transmission is unidirectional.
3. The data in this topology is transmitted in a sequential way bit by bit.

 Advantage of RING Topology

1. Transmitting network is not affected by huge traffic or by the addition of more
nodes, as only the nodes having tokens(short message) are allowed to transmit
data.
2. Low cost to install and expand.
 The Disadvantage of RING Topology
1. Troubleshooting is not simple in a ring topology.
2. The addition or removal of the computers interferes with the other nodes and
network activity.
3. The crashing of one node affects the whole network.
 STAR Topology

In Star Topology all the nodes are linked to a common hub via a cable. This
hub is the central node and all other nodes are linked to the central node. Unlike
Mesh topology, star topology does not permit straightforward communication
between the devices, a device needs to communicate through the hub. If a
device requires sending data to another device, it has to first transfer the data to
the hub, and then the hub forwards that data to the selected device.

 Features of STAR Topology

1. Each node has its unique connection to the hub.
2. Hub works as a repeater for data transmission.
3. Can be utilized with twisted pair, Optical Fibre, or coaxial cable.

 Advantage of STAR Topology

1. Speedy performance with less number of nodes and low network traffic.
2. Hub can be easily upgraded without hassle.
3. Simpler to troubleshoot.

 The Disadvantage of STAR Topology

1. Expensive to install.
2. Expensive in usage.
3. If the hub crashes then the entire network is stopped because all linked nodes
depend on the hub.
 MESH Topology

In a mesh topology, every device is correlated to every other device on the

network by a dedicated point-to-point connection. Mesh consists of n(n-1)/2
physical channels to link n number of devices. For the same n devices in the
network, each device contains (n-1) input and output ports.

 Features of MESH Topology

1. Fully lined.
2. Robust.
3. Not flexible.

 Advantage of MESH Topology

1. Each connection may carry its unique data load.
2. It is robust.
3. Fault can be diagnosed easily.
4. Facilitates security and privacy.

 The Disadvantage of MESH Topology

1. Installation and configuration are not simple.
2. Cabling cost is higher.
3. Bulk wiring is needed.
 TREE Topology
It has a root node and all other nodes are linked to it creating a hierarchy. It
is also called “hierarchical topology”. It must have a minimum of three levels to
the hierarchy.

 Features of TREE Topology

1. Ideal if workstations are situated in groups.
2. Useful in Wide Area Network.

 Advantage of TREE Topology

1. Extension of bus and star topologies.
2. Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
3. Easily managed and maintained.
4. Error detection is easily done.

 The Disadvantage of TREE Topology

1. Heavily cabled.
2. Costly.
3. If additional nodes are introduced, maintenance is difficult.
4. If the central hub fails, the network fails.
 HYBRID Topology
It is two different kinds of topologies, which is a combination of two or
more topologies. For example if in an office in some department ring topology is
used and in another department in the same place, star topology is used,
connecting these topologies will form a Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star
topology).

 Features of HYBRID Topology

1. It is an encapsulation of two or topologies
2. Inherits the benefits and disadvantages of the topologies included.

 Advantage of HYBRID Topology

1. Reliable because Error detecting and troubleshooting are easy.
2. Effective.
3. Scalable as size can be increased easily.
4. Flexible.

 Disadvantage of HYBRID Topology

1. Complex in design.
2. Costly.
 Conclusion:

Networking topology is an important concept in networking which

deals with several topologies, which defines several ways on how several
devices can be connected to each other for exchange of data. There are
types of topologies based on different factors.
 References

 https://www.prepbytes.https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/computer-network-
topologiescom/blog/computer-network/topology-in-computer-network/