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Graphs in Practical Situations

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31 views2 pages

Graphs in Practical Situations

Uploaded by

mavovip622
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Use and Interpret Graphs in Practical Situations


- Graphs are visual tools used to represent relationships between quantities.
- Travel Graphs: Show the relationship between distance and time.
- Conversion Graphs: Show how one unit converts to another (e.g., miles to
kilometers).
- Examples:
a) Travel Graph:
A car travels at a constant speed for 2 hours, covering 100 km.
Plot: Distance on the y-axis and time on the x-axis.
The graph is a straight line with a gradient = rise/run = 100/2 = 50 (speed
= 50 km/h).
b) Conversion Graph:
A graph shows 1 mile = 1.6 km.
To convert 10 miles: Find 10 on the x-axis, corresponding to 16 km on the
y-axis.

2. Draw Graphs from Given Data


- Use tabulated data to plot points on a graph and join them with straight or
curved lines based on the relationship.
- Example:
A car travels with varying speeds over time:
Time (h): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Distance (km): 0, 50, 120, 200, 300
Plot the points (0, 0), (1, 50), (2, 120), (3, 200), (4, 300) and join them
with straight lines.

3. Apply Rate of Change to Distance–Time and Speed–Time Graphs


- Distance–Time Graph:
- Gradient gives speed (Speed = Distance/Time).
- A flat section indicates the object is stationary.
- Speed–Time Graph:
- Gradient gives acceleration (Acceleration = Change in Speed / Time).
- A flat section indicates constant speed.
- Examples:
a) A car accelerates from 0 m/s to 20 m/s in 5 s:
Acceleration = (20 - 0)/5 = 4 m/s².
b) A flat speed–time graph shows a constant speed of 20 m/s.

4. Calculate Distance as Area Under a Speed–Time Graph


- The area under a speed–time graph represents the total distance traveled.
- Divide the graph into triangles, rectangles, or trapeziums to calculate the
area.
- Example:
A car accelerates uniformly from 0 m/s to 20 m/s in 5 s, then maintains that
speed for another 5 s:
- Graph Shape: A triangle (acceleration) and a rectangle (constant speed).
- Area Calculation:
Triangle = (1/2) × Base × Height = (1/2) × 5 × 20 = 50 m.
Rectangle = Base × Height = 5 × 20 = 100 m.
Total Distance = 50 + 100 = 150 m.

5. Gradient of a Tangent
- The gradient of a tangent to a curve at a point gives the instantaneous rate
of change.
- Estimation: Draw a straight line touching the curve at the point of interest
and find the gradient (rise/run).
- Example:
A distance–time graph shows a curve. At t = 2 s, draw a tangent to the curve
and find the gradient to estimate the speed.

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