Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

1st Private Autonomous Institute in Uttar Pradesh

School of Computer Science Engineering in Emerging Technologies

B. Tech. IoT 3rd Sem

Unit: 2

Hardware Components

Subject Name Mayank Deep Khare

Introduction to Internet of Things
BCSIOT0303 Assistant Professor and Head
SoCSET, CSE(IoT)

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 1

Agenda
• Course Objective
• Objective of Topics
• Course Outcomes
• CO-PO Mapping
• Syllabus
• Prerequisite
• Content
 IoT– Syllabus of Introduction to IoT
UNIT-II Hardware Components 6

Sensors, different types of Sensors, Transducer, Actuators, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Technology. Overview of IOT supported Hardware Computational platforms such as Arduino, Net Arduino,
Raspberry pi, Node MCU and ARM cortex and its Architecture.

9/26/2024 Orientation Program 3

 Content

Objective of Topics
Course Outcome and CO-PO Mapping
Prerequisite and Recap
Topic Mapping with Course Outcome
Sensors
Digital sensors
Actuators
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology
Wireless sensor networks
Participatory sensing technology

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 Content

Embedded computing basics

Overview of IOT supported Hardware platforms such as Arduino,
Net Arduino, Raspberry pi, Beagle Bone, Intel Galileo boards
Video Link
Daily Quiz & MCQ
Weekly Assignment
Expected Question Bank For Exam
Summary
References

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 5

 Objective of Topics
Topics of Unit Objective
Sensors To provide basic knowledge of
Sensor
Digital sensors To provide future scope of
digital sensors in IOT
Actuators Describe working of actuator in
IoT
Radio frequency identification (RFID) Describe various technologies
technology using in IoT
Wireless sensor networks View of real time
communication inIoT

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 6

 Objective of Topics

Topics of Unit Objective

Participatory sensing technology Describe reorganization process of

IoT

Embedded computing basics Provide basic knowledge of

embedded systems.

Overview of IOT supported Hardware platforms such Provide knowledge about IoT
as Arduino, supported platform
Net Arduino, Raspberry pi, Beagle Bone, Intel Galileo
boards

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 7

 CourseEvaluation
OutcomeScheme
and CO-PO Mapping

9/26/2024 Amit Kumar Introduction to IoT Unit Number 1 8

 Prerequisite and Recap

History of Internet

Basic of programming

Fundamental of Hardware

9/26/2024 Amit Kumar Introduction to IoT Unit 1 9

 Prerequisite and Recap

Introduction of IoT
Vision and Definition
Conceptual Framework and Architectural view
Technology behind IoT and Sources of the IoT
M2M Communication and IoT Examples
IoT/M2M systems layers and design standardization
Communication Technologies
Data enrichment and consolidation
Ease of designing and affordability

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 10

 Topic Mapping with Course Outcome
Topics of Unit Objective
Sensors CO2
Digital sensors CO2
Actuators CO2
Radio frequency identification (RFID) CO2
technology
Wireless sensor networks CO2
Participatory sensing technology CO2
Embedded computing basics CO2
Overview of IOT supported Hardware CO2
platforms such as Arduino,
Net Arduino, Raspberry pi, Beagle Bone,
Intel Galileo boards

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 11

 Sensor

• “Sensors” are Transducers, which converts physical parameters (Temperature, Pressure,

Humidity, Gas Concentration into Electrical parameters like Voltage/ Current.)

Material
property
changes with Signal
change in Conditioning Voltage/ Current
physical Circuit
parameters/ R-C
Changes

Flow diagram how a Sensor Senses Physical parameters and

Convert it in-terms of Electrical parameters (Voltage/ Current)
9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 12
 Transducer

• A transducer is any device which converts one form of

energy into another. Examples of common transducers
include the following:

• A microphone converts sound into electrical impulses and

a loudspeaker converts electrical impulses into sound

• An incandescent light bulb produces light by passing a

current through a filament. Thus, a light bulb is a
transducer for converting electrical energy into optical
energy.

• An electric motor is a transducer for conversion of

electricity into mechanical energy or motion.

Source : “Sensor” Online: https://ielm.ust.hk/dfaculty/ajay/courses/alp/ieem110/lecs/sensors/sensors.html

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 Electro acoustic, Electromagnetic, and Electrostatic Transducers

Common electroacoustic transducers:

• Loudspeaker – Converts an electrical signal into sound

• Microphone – Converts sound waves in air into an electrical signal

• Hydrophone - Converts sound waves in water into an electrical signal.

Common electromagnetic transducers:

• Magnetic cartridge – Converts motion in a magnetic field into an electrical energy

• Generator – Converts motion in a magnetic field into electrical energy

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 14

 Sensor

• The characteristic of any device or material to detect the presence of a particular physical
quantity

• The output of sensor is signal, which is converted to human readable form

• Performs some function of input by sensing or feeling the physical changes in the characteristic
of a system in response to stimuli

• Input: Physical parameter or stimuli

• Output: Response to stimuli

• Example: Temperature, light, gas, pressure, and sound

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 15

 Types of Sensor

• Active sensors: Require an external source of power (excitation voltage) that provides
the majority of the output power of the signal

• Passive sensors: The output power is almost entirely provided by the measured signal
without an excitation voltage
• Digital sensors: The signal produced or reflected by the sensor is binary

• Analog sensors: The signal produced by the sensor is continuous and proportional to the
measured

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 Sensor

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 Daily Quiz

1 Which one is the key component of Augmented Reality devices?

• a. sensors and cameras
• b. mirror unit
• c. machines
• d. none of the above

2 A Transducers
• a. reduce the flow of current in a circuit
• b. convert energy of one kind into another
• c. increase the speed of a motor
• d. convert a sensor to actuator

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 Recap

A transducer is any device which converts

one form of energy into another.

Electro acoustic, Electromagnetic, and

Electrostatic Transducers

The output of sensor is signal

Type of Sensor

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 Sensor Resolution

• The resolution of a sensor is the smallest change it can detect in the quantity that it is measuring.
• The resolution of a sensor with a digital output is usually the smallest resolution the digital output it
can process.
• The higher the resolution of a sensor, the more accurate its precision.

Table : DHT 11 Sensor resolution

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 Sensor Features

• It is only sensitive to the measured property (e.g., A temperature sensor senses the ambient temperature of a
room.)
• It is insensitive to any other property likely to be encountered in its application (e.g., A temperature sensor
does not bother about light or pressure while sensing the temperature.)
• It does not influence the measured property (e.g., measuring the temperature does not reduce or increase the
• temperature).

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 Sensor Classes

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 Analog sensor

• Analog Sensors produce a continuous output signal or voltage which is generally proportional to the
quantity being measured.

• Physical quantities such as Temperature, Speed, Pressure, Displacement, Strain etc. are all analog
quantities as they tend to be continuous in nature.

• For example, the temperature of a liquid can be measured using a thermometer or thermocouple
(e.g. in geysers) which continuously responds to temperature changes as the liquid is heated up or
cooled down.

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 Digital Sensor

• Digital Sensors produce discrete digital output signals or voltages that are a digital representation of the quantity being
measured.
• Digital sensors produce a binary output signal in the form of a logic "1" or a logic "0", ("ON" or "OFF").
• Digital signal only produces discrete (non-continuous) values, which may be output as a single "bit" (serial
transmission), or by combining the bits to produce a single "byte" output (parallel transmission).

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 Scalar sensor

• Scalar Sensors produce output signal or voltage which is generally proportional to the magnitude of the quantity
being measured.
• Physical quantities such as temperature, color, pressure, strain, etc. , are all scalar quantities, as only their
magnitude is sufficient to convey information.
• For example, the temperature of a room can be measured using a thermometer or thermocouple, which responds
to temperature changes irrespective of the orientation of the sensor or its direction.

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 Vector sensor

• Vector Sensors produce output signal or voltage which is generally proportional to the magnitude, direction, as well
as the orientation of the quantity being measured.
• Physical quantities such as sound, image, velocity, acceleration, orientation, etc. are all vector quantities, as only their
magnitude is not sufficient to convey the complete information.
• For example, the acceleration of a body can be measured using an accelerometer, which gives the components of
acceleration of the body with respect to the x,y,z coordinate axes.

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 Commonly Used Sensor Types

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 Differences between Analog and Digital Sensors

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 Advantages/Disadvantage of Digital Sensor

Advantages of Digital
Sensor :
➨Higher performance Following are the drawbacks or disadvantages of Digital
Sensor or smart sensor:

➨Easy to design, use and maintain

➨It is complex compare to analog sensor as it requires data
conversion.
➨Higher reliability
➨It can not provide continuous output for every change in
input parameters which can be addressed by analog sensor.
➨Small and Rugged device
➨The cost is more than analog sensor due to use of
microprocessor and data storage capabilities
➨Saves power as it activates in either of two
conditions ('1' or '0') such as in push button
or digital light sensing.

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 29

 Actuator

• An actuator is a component of a machine that

is responsible for moving or controlling a
mechanism or system.

• An actuator requires a control signal and a

source of energy.

• The control signal is relatively low energy and

may be electric voltage or current, pneumatic
or hydraulic pressure, or even human power.

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 30

 Daily Quiz

1 Potentiometer is which of the following types of sensor?

a. Speed sensor
b. Light sensor
c. Position sensor
d. Force Sensor
2 Based on the data type, sensor can be classified in which of the two categories?
a. Analog and Digital
b. Isomorphic and Homomorphic
c. Scaler and Vector
d. Solid and Liquide

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 31

 Recap

Input-Output Configuration

A digital sensor is an electronic or

electrochemical sensor, where data is
digitally converted and transmitted.

An actuator is a component of a machine

that is responsible for moving or controlling
a mechanism or system.

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 Types of Actuators

1. Electrical actuators
▪▪ Electric motors (linear or rotational)
▪▪ DC servomotors
▪▪ AC motors
▪▪ Stepper motors
▪▪ Solenoids
▪▪ Relay
2. Hydraulic actuators
▪▪ Use hydraulic fluid as the driving force

3. Pneumatic actuators
▪▪ Use compressed air as the driving force

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 DC Motors

DC motors are widely used:

• Convenience of using direct current. eg: motors in
automobiles.

• Linear Torque-Speed relationship.

One special type of DC motor is a Servomotor.
• A feedback back loop is used to control speed.

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 AC Motors

▪▪ Mostly used in industry.

▪▪ Advantages:

▪▪ Higher power supply

▪▪ Ease of maintenance

▪▪ Two types:

▪▪ Induction motor

▪▪ Synchronous motor
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 Hydraulic and Pneumatic Actuators

▪▪ Powered by pressurized fluid.

▪▪ Oil for hydraulic systems
▪▪ Compressed air for pneumatic systems

36

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2

 Other Actuators

▪▪ Solenoids: a movable plunger inside a stationary wire coil.

▪▪ Used to open and close valves in fluid flow systems, e.g., chemical
processing equipment.

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 RFID

RFID = Radio Frequency Identification

An ADC (Automated Data Collection) technology that: –

• Uses radio frequency waves to transfer data between

a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track.

• Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between reader /scanner and the tagged item.

• Performs the operation using low-cost components.

• Other ADC technologies: Bar codes, OCR.

Source : https://www.it.iitb.ac.in/~sri/talks/rfid-05.pdf

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 RFID Technology

• RFID tags act as smart signatures, transmitting information to a radio-frequency

reader about the identity, state, or location of a given product.

• RFID tags are used to trace everything from casino chips and cattle to
amusement park visitors and marathon runners.

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 A simplified RFID system

Source : https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-06/ftp/rfid.pdf

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 RFID Tags

Tags can be attached to almost anything:

• Items, cases or pallets of products, high value goods
• vehicles, assets, livestock or personnel

Passive Tags Active Tags

Do not require power – Draws from Interrogator Field • Battery powered

• Higher storage capacities (512 KB)

Lower storage capacities (few bits to 1 KB)
• Longer read range (300 feet)
Shorter read ranges (4 inches to 15 feet)
• Typically can be rewritten by RF Interrogators
Usually Write Once Read Many/Read Only tags
• Cost around 50 to 250 dollars
Cost around 25 cents to few dollars

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 RFID Applications

Source : http://trace-id.com/en/rfid-tags-applications/

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 Some RFID Readers
Radio frequency identification Reader

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 RFID Advantages over Barcode

• No line of sight is required for reading

• Multiple items can be read with a single scan

• Each tag can carry a lot of data (read/write)

• Individual items identified and not just the category

• Passive tags have a virtually unlimited lifetime

• Active tags can be read from great distances

• Can be combined with barcode technology

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 44

 Daily Quiz and MCQs

1. A pneumatic actuator converts

• a. Force in to pressure
• b. Pressure in to acceleration
• c. Pressure in to force
• d. Force in to acceleration

2 A mechanical actuator converts

• a. rotary motion in to electrical power
• b. electrical power in to rotary motion
• c. rotary motion in to linear motion
• d. Linear motion in to rotary motion

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 45

 Recap

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology

RFID advantages over barcodes

RFID Applications

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 Embedded Computing Basics

• A microprocessor -- also known as a CPU or central processing unit -

- is a complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single
chip.
• The first microprocessor was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971.
• The 4004 was not very powerful, all it could do was add and
subtract, and it could only do that 4 bits at a time.
• It was amazing that everything was on one chip. Prior to the 4004,
engineers built computers either from collections of chips or from
discrete components (transistors wired one at a time).
• The 4004 powered one of the first portable electronic calculators.

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 47

 Embedded Computing Basics
Historical Background: Intel 4004 (4-bit Microprocessor)

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 48

 Embedded Computing Basics
Intel 8085 (8-bit Microprocessor)

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 49

 Embedded Computing Basics

Intel 8051 Microcontroller

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 50

 IoT Supported Hardware Platforms

Some Popular Dev. Platforms:

Development
Platforms

Arduino Raspberry Pi
Intel Galileo
&
Other Pi Series

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 51

 What is Arduino
• Arduino is not a Microcontroller.
• Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects.
• Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a MC) and
a piece of software or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on a host
system(computer).

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 52

 Arduino

• Microcontroller-ATmega328
• Operating Voltage 5V and 3.3 V
• Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
• Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
• Digital I/O Pins -14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins-6
• DC Current per I/O Pin-40 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin-50 mA
• Flash Memory-32 KB (ATmega328) SRAM-2 KB (ATmega328)
• EEPROM-1 KB (ATmega328)
• Clock Speed-16 MHz

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 53

 Arduino Uno

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 54

 Raspberry Pi

• The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-

sized computer that plugs into your
TV and a keyboard.
• It is a capable little computer which
can be used in electronics projects
and for many of the things that your
desktop PC does, like spreadsheets,
word processing, browsing the
internet, and playing games.

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 55

 Raspberry Pi

Source : https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-06/ftp/rfid.pdf

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 56

 Node MCU

• Node MCU (Node MicroController Unit) is an open-source IoT platform that includes firmware running on
the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC (System on Chip) from Espressif Systems.

• It also includes hardware based on the ESP-12 module, which integrates the ESP8266 chip with a small
number of additional components to facilitate its use.

Key features of Node MCU include:

• Wi-Fi Connectivity: Built-in support for Wi-Fi networking.

• GPIO Pins: General-purpose input/output pins for connecting to sensors and actuators.

• Integrated Development Environment (IDE): Compatible with the Arduino IDE, making it easy to program.

• Lua Scripting Language: Can be programmed using the Lua scripting language.

• Low Cost: Affordable for hobbyists and prototyping.

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 Node MCU

Common applications of Node MCU include:

• Home automation (e.g., smart lighting, smart locks)

• Environmental monitoring (e.g., temperature and humidity sensors)

• Industrial automation

• IoT prototyping and development

• Wireless sensor networks

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 Node MCU

Node MCU can be programmed using:

• Arduino IDE: Popular among hobbyists and beginners, offers a simple environment to write, compile, and
upload code.
• Lua Script: Node MCU can also be programmed using the Lua scripting language, supported by the Node
MCU firmware.
• Micro Python: Another option for programming Node MCU, which allows the use of Python
Advantages of Node MCU include:
Ease of Use: Simple to set up and use, especially with the Arduino IDE.
Cost-Effective: Inexpensive compared to other IoT platforms.
Flexibility: Supports multiple programming languages and development environments.
Community Support: Large and active community, providing ample resources, libraries, and support.

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 59

 Node MCU

The architecture of Node MCU is based on the

ESP8266 SoC, which includes:
• Tensilica L106 32-bit RISC processor: Operating
at 80 MHz (or overclocked to 160 MHz).
• Wi-Fi Module: 802.11 b/g/n protocol support.
• Flash Memory: Typically 4MB.
• GPIO Pins: Several GPIO pins for interfacing
with other hardware.
• Peripherals: Including ADC (Analog to Digital
Converter), PWM (Pulse Width Modulation),
I2C, SPI, and UART.

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 ARM Cortex Processor

• ARM Cortex is a family of scalable, energy-efficient processors designed for various applications, from
microcontrollers to high-performance processors.

Cortex-A Series:

• Purpose: Designed for applications processors.

• Applications: Smartphones, tablets, smart TVs.

• Key Features: High performance, capable of running complex operating systems such as Linux, Android,
and Windows.

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 ARM Cortex Processor

Cortex-R Series:

• Purpose: Designed for real-time applications.

• Applications: Automotive, industrial control systems, and hard disk controllers.

• Key Features: High reliability and deterministic behavior, suited for real-time applications.

Cortex-M Series:

• Purpose: Designed for microcontrollers.

• Applications: Embedded systems, IoT devices, wearables.

• Key Features: Low power consumption, simple architecture, and easy to use.Key Components of ARM
Cortex Architecture

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 ARM Cortex Processor

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 ARM Cortex Processor

Key Components of ARM Cortex Architecture

• CPU Core: The central processing unit (CPU) core executes instructions and processes data. ARM Cortex
cores are designed to be efficient, offering a balance between performance and power consumption.
• Bus Interfaces: Bus interfaces connect the CPU core to memory and peripherals, facilitating data transfer
and communication within the system.
• Memory: ARM Cortex processors typically include various types of memory, such as flash, SRAM, and ROM,
to store code, data, and configuration settings.
• Interrupt Controller: The interrupt controller manages interrupt signals, prioritizing and handling them to
ensure the CPU responds promptly to important events.
• Debugging and Trace: ARM Cortex processors include debugging and trace capabilities, enabling developers
to diagnose and optimize their code effectively.

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 ARM Cortex Processor

Features of ARM Cortex Processors

• Energy Efficiency: ARM Cortex processors are designed to be energy-efficient, making them suitable for
battery-powered and low-power applications.
• Scalability: The ARM Cortex family offers a wide range of performance levels, from basic microcontrollers to
high-performance application processors, providing scalability for different application needs.
• Versatility: ARM Cortex processors can be used in various applications, from consumer electronics to
industrial automation and automotive systems, due to their versatile architecture and features.
• Security: ARM Cortex processors include security features such as TrustZone, which provides hardware-
enforced isolation for trusted software, enhancing the security of embedded systems.
• Compatibility: ARM Cortex processors are compatible with a wide range of development tools, libraries, and
operating systems, simplifying the development process for engineers and developers.

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 ARM Cortex Processor

Example Applications of ARM Cortex Processors

Cortex-A:

Smartphones and Tablets: High-performance computing for mobile devices.

Smart TVs and Set-Top Boxes: Multimedia processing and user interface management.

Cortex-R:

Automotive Systems: Real-time processing for engine control units (ECUs) and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS).

Industrial Control: Deterministic control for factory automation and robotics.

Cortex-M:

Wearable Devices: Low-power computing for fitness trackers and smartwatches.

IoT Devices: Efficient processing for sensors and actuators in connected devices.

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 66

 Video Links, Youtube & NPTEL Video Links and Online Courses
Details

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ree6_dDqL7A
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLGbPgls18k
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLGbPgls18k
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHn7O6PUaoY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKyZFuc4WKI&t=4s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VDThyXv7Sg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nL34zDTPkcs&t=824s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJuopKoBl4Y
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcdocBugs4s&t=7s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKPobkb1N6o
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p40OetppIDg

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 67

 MCQs

1 Which one is the key component of Augmented Reality devices?

• a. sensors and cameras
• b. mirror unit
• c. machines
• d. none of the above

2 A Transducers
• a. reduce the flow of current in a circuit
• b. convert energy of one kind into another
• c. increase the speed of a motor
• d. convert a sensor to actuator

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 68

 MCQs

3. Potentiometer is which of the following types of sensor?

• a. Speed sensor
• b. Light sensor
• c. Position sensor
• d. Force Sensor
4. Based on the data type, sensor can be classified in which of the two categories?
• a. Analog and Digital
• b. Isomorphic and Homomorphic
• c. Scaler and Vector
• d. Solid and Liquide

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 MCQs

7. Which of the following is not a type of sensor?

• Temperature sensor
• Pressure sensor
• Light sensor
• Data sensor
8. What is ARM Cortex designed for?
• Only high-performance computing applications
• A range of applications from microcontrollers to high-performance
processors
• Audio processing exclusively
• Battery management systems

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 MCQs

9. Which series of ARM Cortex is designed for real-time applications?

• Cortex-A
• Cortex-R
• Cortex-M
• Cortex-Z
10. Which series of ARM Cortex is used for microcontrollers?
• Cortex-A
• Cortex-R
• Cortex-M
• Cortex-P

9/26/2024 Mayank Deep Khare Introduction to IoT Unit 2 71

 MCQs

11. A pneumatic actuator converts

• a. Force in to pressure
• b. Pressure in to acceleration
• c. Pressure in to force
• d. Force in to acceleration

12. A mechanical actuator converts

• a. rotary motion in to electrical power
• b. electrical power in to rotary motion
• c. rotary motion in to linear motion
• d. Linear motion in to rotary motion

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 Glossary Questions

electromagnetic fields , microcontrollers, open-source ,transducer, control,

physical
1. A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from
the __________ environment.
2 A ________ is a device that converts one form of energy into another.
3 Actuators are used to ______ a mechanism or system.
4 RFID technology uses _________ to automatically identify and track tags
attached to objects.
5 Node MCU is an ________ IoT platform.
6 ARM Cortex is a family of scalable, energy-efficient processors designed
for various applications, from _______ to high-performance processors.

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 Weekly Assignment 1

Q.1) Explain the different types of sensors-Resistive and capacitive with the help
of circuit diagram and example.
Q-2) Differentiate between RPL and CORPL.

Q-3) How is IoT useful in predictive maintenance of industrial processes?

Q-4) How does a wireless sensor circuit differ from that of a sensor?

Q-5) Perform a comparative analysis(eg.Features , applications etc.) of Raspberry

Pi.

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 Weekly Assignment 2

Q-1) Discuss about Node discovery in the context of IoT.

Q-2) Explain the usage of radio frequency identification (RFID) in IoT.

Q-3) Discuss about the wireless sensor networks with appropriate examples.

Q-4) Describe Arduino in detail with proper diagram.

Q-5) Perform a comparative analysis of Beagle Bone and Intel Galileo with proper

diagram.
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 Expected Questions for Final Exams

1. What are different wired and wireless connectivity we can used in IoT explain with example.

2. Explain different networking and communication model in IoT.

3. Explain embedded technology with proper example.

4. Write note on : RFID, NFC, ZigBee.

5. Explain need of embedded technology in IoT with proper example.

6. Describe Arduino UNO with proper pin diagram.

7. Explain different types of Arduino with usage of everyone with example.

8. Describe Raspberry Pi with proper pin diagram.

9. Write any 7 differences between Arduino and Raspberry Pi.

10. Give an overview of IoT supported Hardware platform with proper example
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 Expected Questions for Final Exams

11. Potentiometer is which of the types of sensor? Provide any 2 use of potentiometer.

12. Based on the data type, sensor can be classified in which of the two categories?

13. Rack and pinion is an example of which type of actuator? Give any one example of rack
and pinion.

14. Explain wireless sensor network?

15. What is relation between WSN and IoT. Explain with example.

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 Summary

We looked at
• Basic Introduction of transducer with examples
• Scope of of sensor in IoT and different definition with scope
• Sensor and Actuator with IoT for future development
• Digital sensor and actuator with various examples
• Radio frequencies Identification (RFID) and Its Examples
• RFID and WSN for better future of IoT devices.
• Communication Technologies (WSN)
• Participated sensing technology to improve structure in IoT
• Embedded computing basics and IoT supported Hardware platform like Arduino, Raspberry Pi

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 References

• [1]: Raj Kamal “INTERNET OF THINGS”, McGraw-Hill, 1ST Edition, 2016

• [2]: Olivier Hersent,DavidBoswarthick, Omar Elloumi“The Internet of Things key
applications and protocols”,willey
• [3]:Jeeva Jose, Internet of Things, Khanna Publicatiosn
• [4] : Michael Miller “The Internet of Things” by Pearson
• [5] ArshdeepBahga, Vijay Madisetti “ Internet of Things( A hands on approach)” 1ST
edition, VPIpublications,2014
• [6]:https://web.iit.edu/sites/web/files/departments/academic-affairs/academic-resource-
center/pdfs/SENSORS.pdf
• [7]:https://sites.google.com/site/profamishrasnetworkingacademy/
• [8]:https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-06/ftp/rfid.pdf

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 Thank You

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