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Concepts in Computer Science

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Phanibabu Komarapu
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27 views2 pages

Concepts in Computer Science

Uploaded by

Phanibabu Komarapu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Concepts in Computer Science

What is Program?
A program is a set of instructions written in a programming language to perform a specific
task. It is a practical implementation of algorithms to solve real-world problems on a
computer.

What is Algorithm?
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem. It is a well-
defined computational process that takes some input and produces an output.

What is Data?
Data refers to raw facts or figures that have no context or meaning on their own. For
example, numbers, text, images, or other forms of unprocessed information.

What is Data Structure?


A data structure is a way of organizing and storing data in a computer so that it can be
accessed and modified efficiently. Examples include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues,
trees, and graphs.

What is the relation among data, data structure, algorithm, and program?
Data is the raw material that needs to be processed. Data structures organize this data in a
meaningful way. Algorithms define the step-by-step procedure to manipulate or process the
data. Programs implement these algorithms using data structures to solve specific
problems.

What is the difference between a program and an algorithm?


An algorithm is a theoretical step-by-step description of how to solve a problem, whereas a
program is the actual implementation of an algorithm in a programming language.
Algorithms are language-independent, while programs are language-specific.

What is Algorithm Performance Analysis?


Algorithm performance analysis evaluates how efficiently an algorithm performs in terms of
time (time complexity) and space (space complexity) for a given input size. The focus is on
determining the scalability and resource usage of the algorithm.

What is Program Performance Analysis?


Program performance analysis involves evaluating the runtime performance of a program
in a real-world environment. This includes measuring execution time, memory usage, CPU
utilization, and other factors like I/O performance.
What are the various problem-solving methods available for designing
algorithms for new problems?
Some popular methods include:
1. Divide and Conquer
2. Greedy Algorithms
3. Dynamic Programming
4. Backtracking
5. Branch and Bound
6. Randomized Algorithms
7. Heuristic Methods

What are various advanced data structures which support methods discussed
above?
Some advanced data structures that support algorithm design include:
1. Trees (e.g., AVL Tree, Red-Black Tree, B-Trees)
2. Graphs (e.g., Adjacency Matrix, Adjacency List)
3. Hash Tables
4. Priority Queues (e.g., Binary Heap, Fibonacci Heap)
5. Disjoint Set Union (Union-Find)
6. Segment Trees and Fenwick Trees
7. Suffix Trees and Suffix Arrays

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