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PHYSICS

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17 views

PHYSICS

Uploaded by

adityakumar.chottu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics Project

On
Logic gates

Name – Anirudh Divyansh


Class-XII
Registration number –
Subject - physics
Content
 Theory
 Introduction
 Basic gates
 OR gates
 AND gate
 NOT gate
 NOR gate
 NAND gate
 Bibliography
THEORY
A logical statement can have only two values
either high/low or on/off. The two values of logic
statement one denoted by the binary number 1
and zero denoted by the binary number 0. Logic
gate is an entity in electronics and mathematics
Boolean that turns one or more logic inputs to a
logic output signal. Logic gate is mainly
implemented electronically using diodes or
transistors. Any Boolean algebra operation can
be associated with inputs and outputs represent
the statements of Boolean algebra. Although
these circuits may be complex, they may all be
constructed from three basic devices. We have
three different types of logic gates, these are the
AND gate, the OR gate and the NOT gate
INTRODUTION
A gate is defined as a digital circuit which follows
some logical relationship between the input and
output voltages. It is a digital circuit which either
allows a signal to pass through as stop, it is
called a gate The logic gates are building blocks
at digital electronics. They are used in digital
electronics to change on voltage level (input
voltage) into another (output voltage) according
to some logical statement relating them. A logic
gate may have one or more inputs, but it has
only one output. The relationship between the
possible values of input and output voltage is
expressed in the form of a table called truth table
or table of combinations. Truth table of a Logic
Gates is a table that shows all the input and
output possibilities for the logic gate. George
Boole in 1980 invented a different kind of algebra
based on binary nature at the logic, this algebra
of logic called BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
AND GATE

It is a device that combines A with B to give Y as


the result. The AND gate has two or more inputs
and one output. The logic gate of AND gate with
A and 8 input and Y output is shown below:

In Boolean algebra, multiplication sign (either x


or.) is referred as the AND. The Boolean
expression: A.B = Y indicates Y equals A and B.
NOT GATE-
It is a device that inverts the inputs. The NOT is a
one input and one output. The logic gate of NOT
gate with A and Y output is shown below:
OR GATE

It is a device that combines A with B to give Y as


the result. The OR gate has two or more inputs
and one output. The logic gate of OR gate with A
and B input and Y output is shown

In Boolean algebra, addition symbol (+) is


referred as the OR. The Boolean expression:
A+BY. indicates Y equals A OR B.
AND GATE
AIM:
To design and stimulate the gate circuit.
COMPONENTS:
Breadboard, torch bulb, switches, connecting
wires, battery.
THEORY AND CONSTRUCTION:
An AND gate can be realize by the electronic
circuit, making use of two switches A and B as

shown in the figure.


If both switches A and B are open (A = 0, 8 = 0)
then lamp will not glow, hence Y = 0 ii. If Switch
A closed and B open (A = 1, 8 = 0) then Lamp
will not If switch A open and B 0 glow, hence Y =
0 iii. closed (A = 0, B = 1) then Lamp will not
glow, hence Y = 0
iv. If switch A and B both closed (A = 1, B = 1)
then Lamp will glow, hence Y = 1
In Boolean algebra, bar symbol (-) is referred as
the NOT. The Boolean expression:
AY, indicates Y equals NOT A
OR GATE
AIM:
To design and stimulate the given circuit.
COMPONENTS:
Breadboard, torch bulb, switches, connecting
wires, battery.
THEORY AND CONSTRUCTION:
An OR gate can be realize by the electronic
circuit, making use of two switches A and B as
shown in the figure.
1. If switch A and B open then CA = 0 B=0) Lamp
does not glow hence Y = 0i .
If switch A open B closed then ( A = 0 , B = 1 )
Lamp glow, hence Y = 1 iii. If B switch A closed B
open then ( A = 1 B=0) Lamp glow, hence Y = 1
iv. If switch A & B are closed then. A = 1 B = 1 )
Lamp glow, hence Y = 1
NOT GATE

AIM:
To design and stimulate the circuit.
COMPONENTS:
Breadboard, torch bulb, a switch, connecting
wires, battery.
THEORY AND CONSTRUCTION:
An NOR gate can be realize by the electronic
circuit,
making use a switch A as shown in the figure.
i. If switch A is open (i.e. A=0), the lamp will
glow, hence Y=1. ii. If Switch A is closed (i.e.
A=1), the lamp will not glow, hence Y=0.
NOR GATE

AIM:
To design and stimulate the NOR gate circuit.
COMPONENTS:
Breadboard, torch bulb, switches, connecting
wires, battery.
THEORY AND CONSTRUCTION:
If we connect the output Y' of OR gate to the
input of a NOT gate the gate obtained is called
NOR. Boolean expression, the NOR gate is
expressed as Y=(A+B)', and is being read as A
OR B negated.
i.If Switch A & B open [ A = 0 , B = 0 ) then Lamp
will glow, hence Y = 1
ii. If Switch A closed & B open A = 1 B = 0 ) then
Lamp will not glow, hence Y = 0 iii. If Switch A
open & B close (A = 0, B = 1) then Lamp will not
glow, hence Y=0. iv. If switch A& B are closed
then (A = 1, B = 1) Lamp will not glow, hence Y =
0
NAND GATE

AIM:
To design and stimulate the NAND gate
COMPONENTS:
Switch A&B open (A-0 8-01 then Lamp will glow,
hence r = 1
ii. If Switch A open B closed then (A-0, 8-1) Lamp
glow, hence Y = 1 .
iii. if switch A closed 8 open then B-0) Lamp glow,
hence Y = 1 ( A = 1 ,
iv. If switch A & B are closed then ( A = 1 , 8-1)
Lamp will not glow, hence Y = 0
BIBLIOGRAPHY
I would like to acknowledge the following sources
through which I obtained vital information which
contributed in the completion of this project:
i. slideshare.com
ii. wikipedia.org
iii. icbse.co.in
iv. scribd.com

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