Problems 41

PROBLEM SET NO. 2

Problems
2.1 The following data were recorded during a tensile test of a 14.0-mm-diameter
mild steel rod. The gage length was 50.0 mm.

Load (N) Elongation (mm) Load (N) Elongation (mm)

0 0 46;200 1:25
6 310 0:010 52;400 2:50
12;600 0:020 58;500 4:50
18;800 0:030 65;400 7:50
25;100 0:040 69;000 12:50
31;300 0:050 67;800 15:50
37;900 0:060 65;000 20:00
40;100 0:163 61;500 Fracture
41;600 0:433

Plot the stress-strain diagram and determine the following mechanical properties:
(a) proportional limit; (b) modulus of elasticity; (c) yield stress; (d) ultimate stress;
and (e) nominal rupture stress.

2.2 The following data were obtained during a tension test of an aluminum alloy.
The initial diameter of the test specimen was 15.15 mm, and the gage length was
60 mm.

Load ( N) Elongation (mm) Load ( N) Elongation (mm)

0 0 70;000 0:6
11;550 0:066 72;000 0:75
23;200 0:132 72;500 1:8
34;750 0:198 73;000 2:4
46;450 0:264 74;000 3
58;000 0:33 73;000 3:6
65;000 0:45 68;000 Fracture

Plot the stress-strain diagram and determine the following mechanical properties:
(a) proportional limit; (b) modulus of elasticity; (c) yield stress at 0.2% o¤set;
(d) ultimate stress; and (e) nominal rupture stress.

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42 CHAPTER 2 Strain

2.3 The bar ABC in Fig. (a) consists of two cylindrical segments. The material of
the bar has the stress-strain diagram shown in Fig. (b). Determine the approximate
elongation of the bar caused by the 20 kN axial load.

50

40

Stress (MPa)
30

20

50 mm 10
25 mm

20 kN 20 kN
A B C 0
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040
400 mm 300 mm
Strain
(a) (b)

FIG. P2.3

2.4 A uniform bar of length L, cross-sectional area A, and mass density r is

suspended vertically from one end. (a) Show that the elongation of the bar is
d ¼ rgL 2 =ð2EÞ, where g is the gravitational acceleration and E is the modulus of
elasticity. (b) If the mass of the bar is M, show that d ¼ MgL=ð2EAÞ.
2.5 A steel rod having a cross-sectional area of 300 mm 2 and a length of 150 m is
suspended vertically from one end. The rod supports a tensile load of 20 kN at its
free end. Given that the mass density of steel is 7850 kg/m 3 and E ¼ 200 GPa, find
the total elongation of the rod. (Hint: Use the results of Prob. 2.4.)
2.6 Determine the elongation of the tapered cylindrical aluminum bar caused by
the 30 kN axial load. Use E ¼ 72 GPa.

FIG. P2.6

2.7 The steel strip has a uniform thickness of 50 mm. Compute the elongation
of the strip caused by the 500 kN axial force. The modulus of elasticity of steel is
200 GPa.

1000 mm 1000 mm
500 kN 500 kN
50 mm 120 mm 50 mm

FIG. P2.7

2.8 A 4-mm-diameter steel wire, 3.2-m-long, carries an axial tensile load P. Find
the maximum safe value of P if the allowable normal stress is 280 MPa and the
elongation of the wire is limited to 4 mm. Use E ¼ 200 GPa.

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 Problems 43

2.9 The compound bar ABCD has a uniform cross-sectional area of 225 mm2
When the axial force P is applied, the length of the bar is reduced by 0.54 mm.
Determine the magnitude of the force P. The moduli of elasticity are 200 GPa for
steel and 70 GPa for aluminum.
540 mm 180 mm 540 mm
P P
A Steel B C Steel D
Aluminum

FIG. P2.9
2.10 The steel rod is placed inside the copper tube, the length of each being ex-
actly 450 mm. If the assembly is compressed by 0.225 mm, determine the stress in
each component and the applied force P. The moduli of elasticity are 200 GPa for 18 mm
steel and 120 GPa for copper.
22.5 mm
2.11 A steel hoop, 10-mm-thick and 80-mm-wide, with inside diameter 1500.0
mm, is heated and shrunk onto a steel cylinder 1500.5 mm in diameter. What is the 450 mm
normal force in the hoop after it has cooled? Neglect the deformation of the cylinder, 3.75 mm
and use E ¼ 200 GPa for steel.
2.12 The timber member has a cross-sectional area of 1750 mm 2 and its modulus
of elasticity is 12 GPa. Compute the change in the total length of the member after
the loads shown are applied.
FIG. P2.10

40 35 20

FIG. P2.12

2.13 The member consists of the steel rod AB that is screwed into the end of the
bronze rod BC. Find the largest value of P that meets the following design criteria: (i)
the overall length of the member is not to change by more than 3 mm; and (ii) the
stresses are not to exceed 140 MPa in steel and 120 MPa in bronze. The moduli of
elasticity are 200 GPa for steel and 80 GPa for bronze.
2.14 The compound bar carries the axial forces P and 2P. Find the maximum
allowable value of P if the working stresses are 240 MPa for steel and 120 MPa for
aluminum, and the total elongation of the bar is not to exceed 6 mm.

1.5 m 2m

18 mm2 12 mm2
200 GPa FIG. P2.13
70 GPa

FIG. P2.14
2.15 The compound bar containing steel, bronze, and aluminum segments carries
the axial loads shown in the figure. The properties of the segments and the working
stresses are listed in the table.
A (mm 2 ) E (GPa) sw (MPa) 1m 2m 1.5 m
Steel 675 210 120
Bronze 900 84 108
Aluminum 450 70 72 FIG. P2.15

Determine the maximum allowable value of P if the change in length of the entire
bar is limited to 2.4 mm and the working stresses are not to be exceeded.

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44 CHAPTER 2 Strain

FIG. P2.16

2.16 A compound bar consisting of bronze, aluminum, and steel segments is

loaded axially as shown in the figure. Determine the maximum allowable value of P
if the change in length of the bar is limited to 2 mm and the working stresses pre-
scribed in the table are not to be exceeded.

A (mm 2 ) E (GPa) sw ( MPa)

Bronze 450 83 120
Aluminum 600 70 80
Steel 300 200 140

C 360 N
2.17 The bar ABC is supported by a pin at A and a steel wire at B. Calculate
2m the elongation of the wire when the 360 N horizontal force is applied at C. The cross-
sectional area of the wire is 2:25 mm2 and the modulus of elasticity of steel is
2.5 m 200 GPa.
D B
2.18 The rigid bar AB is supported by two rods made of the same material. If the
3m bar is horizontal before the load P is applied, find the distance x that locates the
position where P must act if the bar is to remain horizontal. Neglect the weight of
A bar AB.
2.19 The rigid bar ABC is supported by a pin at A and a steel rod at B. Determine
FIG. P2.17 the largest vertical load P that can be applied at C if the stress in the steel rod is
limited to 35 MPa and the vertical movement of end C must not exceed 3.6 mm.
Neglect the weights of the members.

2m
450 mm2
200 GPa

1.5 m
1m 180 mm2
360 mm2

5m 1m 1.5 m

FIG. P2.18 FIG. P2.19

2.20 The rigid bar AB, attached to aluminum and steel rods, is horizontal before
the load P is applied. Find the vertical displacement of point C caused by the load
P ¼ 50 kN. Neglect all weights.
2.21 The rigid bars ABC and CD are supported by pins at A and D and by a steel
rod at B. There is a roller connection between the bars at C. Compute the vertical
displacement of point C caused by the 50 kN load.

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 Problems 45

500
300

FIG. P2.20 FIG. P2.21

2.22 The structure in the figure is composed of two rigid bars (AB and CD) and
two vertical rods made of aluminum and steel. All connections are pin joints.
Determine the maximum force P that can be applied to the structure if the vertical
displacement of its point of application is limited to 6 mm. Neglect the weights of the
members.

1.5 m
675 mm2
70 GPa

300 1m 1.5 m

2m
225 mm2
84 GPa
500

1m 1m

FIG. P2.22 FIG. P2.23

2.23 The rigid bars AB and CD are supported by pins at A and D. The vertical
rods are made of aluminum and bronze. Determine the vertical displacement of the 3m
point where the force P ¼ 50 kN is applied. Neglect the weights of the members.
2.24 The uniform 22,000 N bar BC is supported by a pin at C and the aluminum
wire AB. The cross-sectional area of the wire is 148.5 mm 2 . Assuming bar BC to be
rigid, find the vertical displacement of B due to the weight of the bar. Use E ¼
70 GPa for aluminum. 5m

FIG. P2.24

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46 CHAPTER 2 Strain

2.25 The steel bars AC and BC, each of cross-sectional area 120 mm 2 , are joined
at C with a pin. Determine the displacement of point C caused by the 15 kN load.
Use E ¼ 200 GPa for steel.

5m FIG. P2.25, P2.26

3m

2.26 Solve Prob. 2.25 if the 15 kN load acts horizontally to the right.

4m 2.27 The steel truss supports a 60,000 N load. The cross-sectional areas of the
members are 450 mm 2 for AB and 675 mm 2 for BC. Compute the horizontal dis-
60,000 N placement of B using E ¼ 200 GPa.
FIG. P2.27

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 Problems 59

Problems
2.44 The figure shows the cross section of a circular steel tube that is filled with 1200 kN
concrete and topped with a rigid cap. Calculate the stresses in the steel and in the
concrete caused by the 1200 kN axial load. Use Est ¼ 200 GPa and Eco ¼ 14 GPa.
Steel 195 mm
2.45 A reinforced concrete column 200 mm in diameter is designed to carry an
Concrete 180 mm
axial compressive load of 320 kN. Determine the required cross-sectional area of the
reinforcing steel if the allowable stresses are 6 MPa for concrete and 120 MPa for
steel. Use Eco ¼ 14 GPa and Est ¼ 200 GPa.
2.46 A timber column, 200 mm by 200 mm in cross section, is reinforced on all
four sides by steel plates, each plate being 200-mm-wide and t-mm-thick. Determine
the smallest value of t for which the column can support an axial load of 1500 kN if
the working stresses are 7.2 MPa for timber and 20 MPa for steel. The moduli of
elasticity are 10 GPa for timber and 200 GPa for steel. FIG. P2.44

2.47 The rigid block of mass M is supported by the three symmetrically placed
rods. The ends of the rods were level before the block was attached. Determine the
largest allowable value of M if the properties of the rods are as listed (sw is the
working stress):

E (GPa) A (mm 2 ) sw (MPa)

Copper 120 900 70
Steel 200 1200 140

2.48 The concrete column is reinforced by four steel bars of total cross-sectional
area 1250 mm2 . If the working stresses for steel and concrete are 180 MPa and
FIG. P2.47
15 MPa, respectively, determine the largest axial force P that can be safely applied to
the column. Use Est ¼ 200 GPa and Eco ¼ 24 GPa.
P
2.49 The rigid slab of weight W, with center of gravity at G, is suspended from
three identical steel wires. Determine the force in each wire.
2.50 Before the 400 kN load is applied, the rigid platform rests on two steel bars,
each of cross-sectional area 1400 mm 2 , as shown in the figure. The cross-sectional
area of the aluminum bar is 2800 mm 2 . Compute the stress in the aluminum bar after
the 400 kN load is applied. Use E ¼ 200 GPa for steel and E ¼ 70 GPa for alumi-
num. Neglect the weight of the platform.

Dimensions 250
in mm
250
FIG. P2.48

b b

A B C

1.2b
FIG. P2.49 FIG. P2.50

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60 CHAPTER 2 Strain

30 m
30 mm
10 m

26.25 mm 120 mm
2m 2m

FIG. P2.51 FIG. P2.52 FIG. P2.53, P2.54

2.51 The three steel (E ¼ 200 GPa) eye-bars, each 120 mm by 30 mm in cross
section, are assembled by driving 26.25-mm-diameter drift pins through holes drilled
in the ends of the bars. The distance between the holes is 10 m in the two outer bars,
but 1.35 mm less in the middle bar. Find the shear stress developed in the drift pins.
Neglect local deformation at the holes.
2.52 The rigid bar ABC of negligible weight is suspended from three aluminum
wires, each of cross-sectional area 270 mm 2 . Before the load P is applied, the middle
wire is slack, being 6 mm longer than the other two wires. Determine the largest
safe value of P if the working stress for the wires is 96 MPa. Use E ¼ 70 GPa for
aluminum.
2.53 The rigid bar AB of negligible weight is supported by a pin at O. When the
two steel rods are attached to the ends of the bar, there is a gap D ¼ 4 mm between
the lower end of the left rod and its pin support at C. Compute the stress in the
left rod after its lower end is attached to the support. The cross-sectional areas are
300 mm 2 for rod AC and 250 mm 2 for rod BD. Use E ¼ 200 GPa for steel.
2.54 The rigid bar AB of negligible weight is supported by a pin at O. When the
two steel rods are attached to the ends of the bar, there is a gap D between the lower
end of the left rod and its pin support at C. After attachment, the strain in the left rod
is 1:5  103 . What is the length of the gap D? The cross-sectional areas are 300 mm 2
for rod AC and 250 mm 2 for rod BD. Use E ¼ 200 GPa for steel.
2.55 The homogeneous rod of constant cross section is attached to unyielding
supports. The rod carries an axial load P, applied as shown in the figure. Show that
the reactions are given by R1 ¼ Pb=L and R 2 ¼ Pa=L.
2.56 The homogeneous bar with a cross-sectional area of 600 mm 2 is attached
to rigid supports. The bar carries the axial loads P1 ¼ 20 kN and P2 ¼ 60 kN, as
shown. Determine the stress in segment BC. (Hint: Use the results of Prob. 2.55 to
compute the reactions caused by P1 and P2 acting separately. Then use superposition
to compute the reactions when both loads are applied.)

FIG. P2.55 FIG. 2.56

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 Problems 61

1125 mm2 1800 mm2

70 GPa 200 GPa

450 mm 360 mm

FIG. P2.57, P2.58 FIG. P2.59

2.57 The composite bar is firmly attached to unyielding supports. Compute the
stress in each material caused by the application of the axial load P ¼ 320 kN.
2.58 The composite bar, firmly attached to unyielding supports, is initially stress-
free. What maximum axial load P can be applied if the allowable stresses are 80 MPa
for aluminum and 144 MPa for steel?
2.59 The steel rod is stress-free before the axial loads P1 ¼ 150 kN and P2 =
90 kN are applied to the rod. Assuming that the walls are rigid, calculate the axial
force in each segment after the loads are applied. Use E ¼ 200 GPa.
2.60 The bar BCD of length L has a constant thickness t, but its width varies as
shown. The cross-sectional area A of the bar is given by A ¼ btð1 þ x=LÞ. The ends
of the bar are attached to the rigid walls, and the bar is initially stress-free. Compute
the reactions at B and D after the force P is applied at the midpoint C of the bar.

x C D
B b
P
b
b
L L
2 2

Top view

FIG. P2.60

2.61 The steel column of circular cross section is attached to rigid supports at A
and C. Find the maximum stress in the column caused by the 25 kN load.
2.62 The assembly consists of a bronze tube and a threaded steel bolt. The pitch of the
thread is 1 mm (one turn of the nut advances it 1 mm). The cross-sectional areas are
1350 mm2 for the tube and 675 mm2 for the bolt. The nut is turned until there is a com-
pressive stress of 24 MPa in the tube. Find the stresses in the bolt and the tube if the nut is
given one additional turn. Use E ¼ 83 GPa for bronze and E ¼ 200 GPa for steel.
2.63 The two vertical rods attached to the rigid bar are identical except for length.
Before the 66 kN weight was attached, the bar was horizontal. Determine the axial
force in each bar caused by the application of the weight. Neglect the weight of the bar.

FIG. P2.61
3m
2m

2m 2m 1m

66 kN
1200 mm

FIG. P2.62
FIG. P2.63
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62 CHAPTER 2 Strain

1800 mm2
5m 450 mm2
84 GPa
200 GPa
1.5 m 1.5 m

4m 2m

400 kN

FIG. P2.64 FIG. P2.65

2.64 The rigid beam of negligible weight is supported by a pin at O and two ver-
tical rods. Find the vertical displacement of the 400 kN weight.
2.65 The rigid bar of negligible weight is pinned at O and attached to two vertical
rods. Assuming that the rods were initially stress-free, what is the largest load P that
can be applied without exceeding stresses of 150 MPa in the steel rod and 70 MPa in
the bronze rod?
2.66 The rigid, homogeneous slab weighing 600 kN is supported by three rods of
identical material and cross section. Before the slab was attached, the lower ends of
the rods were at the same level. Compute the axial force in each rod.
2.67 The rigid bar BCD of negligible weight is supported by two steel cables of
identical cross section. Determine the force in each cable caused by the applied
weight W.
2.68 The three steel rods, each of cross-sectional area 250 mm 2 , jointly support
FIG. P2.66 the 7.5 kN load. Assuming that there was no slack or stress in the rods before the
load was applied, find the force in each rod. Use E ¼ 200 GPa for steel.
2.69 The bars AB, AC, and AD are pinned together as shown in the figure.
Horizontal movement of the pin at A is prevented by the rigid horizontal strut AE.
Calculate the axial force in the strut caused by the 80 kN load. For each steel bar,
A ¼ 270 mm 2 and E ¼ 200 GPa. For the aluminum bar, A ¼ 540 mm 2 and
E ¼ 70 GPa.

6m
5m

6m 2m

80 kN

FIG. P2.67 FIG. P2.68 FIG. P2.69

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 2.6 Thermal Stresses 63

1m

2m 1.5 m 1m 30 kN
1m 1m

FIG. P2.70 FIG. P2.71, P2.72 FIG. P2.73

2.70 The horizontal bar ABC is supported by a pin at A and two rods with iden-
tical cross-sectional areas. The rod at B is steel and the rod at C is aluminum.
Neglecting the weight of the bar, determine the force in each rod when the force
P ¼ 80 kN is applied. Use Est ¼ 200 GPa and Eal ¼ 70 GPa.
2.71 The lower ends of the three vertical rods were at the same level before the uni-
form, rigid bar ABC weighing 30 kN was attached. Each rod has a cross-sectional
area of 450 mm 2 . The two outer rods are steel and the middle rod is aluminum.
Find the force in the middle rod. Use Est ¼ 200 GPa and Eal ¼ 70 GPa.
2.72 Solve Prob. 2.71 if the steel rod attached at C is replaced by an aluminum
rod of the same size.
2.73 The uniform rigid bar ABC of weight W is supported by two rods that are
identical except for their lengths. Assuming that the bar was held in the horizontal
position when the rods were attached, determine the force in each rod after the
attachment.

2.6 Thermal Stresses

It is well known that changes in temperature cause dimensional changes in a
body: An increase in temperature results in expansion, whereas a temper-
ature decrease produces contraction. This deformation is isotropic (the same
in every direction) and proportional to the temperature change. It follows
that the associated strain, called thermal strain, is

T ¼ aðDTÞ (2.15)

where the constant a is a material property known as the coe‰cient of ther-

mal expansion, and DT is the temperature change. The coe‰cient of thermal
expansion represents the normal strain caused by a one-degree change in
temperature. By convention, DT is taken to be positive when the temper-
ature increases, and negative when the temperature decreases. Thus, in Eq.
(2.15), positive DT produces positive strain (elongation) and negative DT
produces negative strain (contraction). The units of a are 1= C (per degree
Celsius) in the SI system. Typical values of a are 23  106 = C for alumi-
num and 12  106 = C for steel.

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68 CHAPTER 2 Strain

Problems
2.74 A steel rod with a cross-sectional area of 225 mm 2 is stretched between two
fixed points. The tensile force in the rod at 20 C is 9600 N. (a) What will be the stress
at 20 C? (b) At what temperature will the stress be zero? Use a ¼ 12  106 = C
and E ¼ 200 GPa.
2.75 A steel rod is stretched between two walls. At 20 C, the tensile force in the
rod is 5000 N. If the stress is not to exceed 130 MPa at 20 C, find the minimum
allowable diameter of the rod. Use a ¼ 11:7  106 = C and E ¼ 200 GPa.
2.76 Steel railroad rails 10-m-long are laid with end-to-end clearance of 3 mm at a
temperature of 15 C. (a) At what temperature will the rails just come in contact? (b)
What stress would be induced in the rails at that temperature if there were no initial
clearance? Use a ¼ 11:7  106 = C and E ¼ 200 GPa.
2.77 A steel rod 1.5-m-long with a cross-sectional area of 270 mm 2 is stretched
between two fixed points. The tensile force in the rod is 9600 N at 25 C. Using a ¼
12  106 = C and E ¼ 200 GPa, calculate the temperature at which the stress in the
rod will be (a) 80 MPa; and (b) zero.
2.78 The bronze bar 3 m long with a cross-sectional area of 350 mm 2 is placed
between two rigid walls. At a temperature of 20 C, there is a gap D ¼ 2:2 mm, as
shown in the figure. Find the temperature at which the compressive stress in the bar
will be 30 MPa. Use a ¼ 18:0  106 = C and E ¼ 80 GPa.

300 mm 450 mm

FIG. P2.78 FIG. P2.79

2.79 Calculate the increase in stress in each segment of the compound bar if the
temperature is increased by 30 C. Assume that the supports are unyielding and use
the following data:

A (mm 2 ) E (GPa) a (/ F)

Aluminum 1350 70 23  106 = C

Steel 1800 200 12  106 = C

2.80 A prismatic bar of length L fits snugly between two rigid walls. If the bar is
given a temperature increase that varies linearly from DTA at one end to DTB at the
other end, show that the resulting stress in the bar is s ¼ aEðDTA þ DTB Þ=2.
2.81 The rigid bar ABC is supported by a pin at B and two vertical steel rods.
Initially the bar is horizontal and the rods are stress-free. Determine the stress in each
FIG. P2.81 rod if the temperature of the rod at A is decreased by 40 C. Neglect the weight of bar
ABC. Use a ¼ 11:7  106 / C and E ¼ 200 GPa for steel.

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 Problems 69

2.82 The rigid, horizontal slab is attached to two identical copper rods. There is a
gap D ¼ 0:18 mm between the middle bar, which is made of aluminum, and the slab.
Neglecting the mass of the slab, calculate the stress in each rod when the temperature
in the assembly is increased by 85 C. Use the following data:

A (mm 2 ) a (/ C) E (GPa)

6
Each copper rod 500 16:8  10 120
6
Aluminum rod 400 23:1  10 70

2.83 A bronze sleeve is slipped over a steel bolt and held in place by a nut that is
tightened to produce an initial stress of 12 MPa in the bronze. Find the stress in each FIG. P2.82
material after the temperature of the assembly is increased by 40 C. The properties of
the components are listed in the table.

A (mm 2 ) a (/ C) E (GPa)

Bronze sleeve 1350 20  106 84

Steel bolt 675 12  106 200

2.84 The rigid bar of negligible weight is supported as shown in the figure. If
W ¼ 80 kN, compute the temperature change of the assembly that will cause a ten-
sile stress of 50 MPa in the steel rod. Use the following data:

A (mm 2 ) a (/ C) E (GPa)

6
Steel rod 300 11:7  10 200
6
Bronze rod 1400 18:9  10 83

2.85 The rigid bar of negligible weight is supported as shown. The assembly is in-
itially stress-free. Find the stress in each rod if the temperature rises 20 C after a load
W ¼ 120 kN is applied. Use the properties of the bars given in Prob. 2.84.
FIG. P2.84, P2.85
2.86 The composite bar is firmly attached to unyielding supports. The bar is
stress-free at 30 C. Compute the stress in each material after the 250 kN force is ap-
plied and the temperature is increased to 50 C. Use a ¼ 12  106 / C for steel and
a ¼ 23:1  106 / C for aluminum.
2.87 At what temperature will the aluminum and steel segments in Prob. 2.86
have stresses of equal magnitude after the 250 kN force is applied?
2.88 All members of the steel truss have the same cross-sectional area. If the truss
is stress-free at 10 C, determine the stresses in the members at 90 C. For steel,
a ¼ 11:7  106 / C and E ¼ 200 GPa.

1800 m2 2700 m2
70 GPa 200 GPa

250 kN

450 mm 300 mm

FIG. P2.86, P2.87 FIG. P2.88

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 70 CHAPTER 2 Strain

3m 0.8 m
0.6 m

A B C D

FIG. P2.89 FIG. P2.90

2.89 The rigid bar ABCD is supported by a pin at B and restrained by identical
steel bars at C and D, each of area 250 mm2 . If the temperature is increased by 80 C,
determine the force P that will cause the bar at C to be stress-free. Use E ¼ 200 GPa
and a ¼ 12  106 = C.
2.90 The compound bar, composed of the three segments shown, is initially stress-
free. Compute the stress in each material if the temperature drops 25 C. Assume that
the walls do not yield and use the following data:
A (mm 2 ) a (/ C) E (GPa)
6
Bronze segment 2000 19:0  10 83
Aluminum segment 1400 23:0  106 70
6
Steel segment 800 11:7  10 200
2.91 The rigid bar AOB is pinned at O and connected to aluminum and steel rods. If
the bar is horizontal at a given temperature, determine the ratio of the areas of the two
rods so that the bar will be horizontal at any temperature. Neglect the mass of the bar.

FIG. P2.91
30 mm 90 mm 120 mm 30 mm
2.92 The aluminum and bronze cylinders are centered and secured between two
rigid end-plates by tightening the two steel bolts. There is no axial load in the as-
sembly at a temperature of 10 C. Find the stress in the steel bolts when the temper-
ature is increased to 90 C. Use the following data:
A (mm 2 ) a (/ C) E (GPa)

Aluminum cylinder 1800 23  106 70

Bronze cylinder 2700 19  106 84
FIG. P2.92 6
Each steel bolt 675 12  10 200
Bronze tube 2.93 The assembly consists of a bronze tube fitted over a threaded steel bolt. The nut
on the bolt is turned until it is finger-tight. Determine the stresses in the sleeve and bolt
when the temperature of the assembly is increased by 90 C. Use the following data:
A (mm 2 ) a (/ C) E (GPa)
1200 mm 6
Bronze 1350 19  10 84
FIG. P2.93 6
Steel 675 12  10 200

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.