CONTENTS

ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................................. ii
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Aim and Objective................................................................................................. 2

1.2 Problem Summary................................................................................................. 2

2. LITERATURE SURVEY............................................................................................ 3
3.REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION......................................................................... 8

3.1 Hardware Requirements....................................................................................... 8

3.2 Software Requirements......................................................................................... 9
3.2.1 Visual Studio................................................................................................. 9
3.2.2 XAMPP Server............................................................................................ 10

3.2.3 MYSQL....................................................................................................... 11

4.PROBLEM STATEMENT………………………………………………………….. 13

4.1 Objectives……………………………………………………………………….. 13

4.2 Expected Outcomes……………………………………………………………… 14

5.SYSTEM DESIGN....................................................................................................... 15
6.IMPLEMENTATION................................................................................................. 18
6.1 Details of the Language ..................................................................................... 18
6.1.1 PHP ............................................................................................................ 18
6.1.2 HTML ........................................................................................................... 19
6.1.3 CSS………………………………………………………………………... 19
6.1.4 BOOTSTRAP……………………………………………………………... 20
6.2 Code Snippets………............................................................................................ 20
5.2.1 Insert and Remove Items.............................................................................. 20
5.2.2 Payment Module……………....................................................................... 21

5.2.3 User login……………………..................................................................... 21

6.2.4 Cart Details……….………………………………………………………... 22
7.TESTING....................................................................................................................... 23

i
8. RESULTS..........................................................................................................................26
8.1 Screenshots............................................................................................................26

9.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK.........................................................................37

9.1 Conclusion............................................................................................................37

9.2 Future Work.........................................................................................................37

REFERENCE.......................................................................................................................38

ii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 7.1 Testing for valid user id……………………………………………… 24

Table 7.2 Testing for valid password…………………………………………... 24

Table 7.3 Testing for scanning to add item…………………………………….. 24
Table 7.4 Testing for rescanning to delete item……………………………….. 24

iii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 5.1 Block diagram of Automated Shopping Trolley 15

system……………...
Figure 5.2 Flow diagram for Automated shopping trolley using RFID………… 16
Figure 6.1 Code for Insert and Delete items……………………………………. 20
Figure 6.2 Code for Payment Module………………………………………….. 21
Figure 6.3 Code for User login…………………………………………………. 21
Figure 6.4 Code for cart details…………………………………………………. 22
Figure 8.1 Home page of the Automated Shopping Trolley……………………. 26
Figure 8.2 Guideline to use Automated Shopping Trolley……………………… 27
Figure 8.3 Location of items…………………………………………………….. 27
Figure 8.4 Adding items………………………………………………………… 28
Figure 8.5 Deleting items……………………………………………………….. 28
Figure 8.6 Payment method…………………………………………………….. 29
Figure 8.7 UPI payment………………………………………………………… 29
Figure 8.8 Cash payment………………………………………………………... 30
Figure 8.9 Bill counter login……………………………………………………. 30
Figure 8.10 Bill counter………………………………………………………….. 31
Figure 8.11 Trolley id……………………………………………………………. 31
Figure 8.12 Trolley Details………………………………………………………. 32
Figure 8.13 Bill paid……………………………………………………………… 32
Figure 8.14 Item Master………………………………………………………….. 33
Figure 8.15 User Control………………………………………………………… 34
Figure 8.16 Customer membership………………………………………………. 35

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Automated Shopping Trolley using RFID

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Nowadays shopping malls has been increased throughout the global due to increased public
demand. It is a place where people get their daily needs for home. It includes food products,
clothing, electrical appliances etc. On an average, humans spend 1.4 hours every day on
shopping in the market according to a survey by US Bureau of Labor.

Time is most important thing in everyone’s life, no one wants to waste their time on standing
in the queue. But while shopping everyone spends a lot of time on payroll by standing in line.
In a festival season, the crowd is usually high and billing time will increase automatically.
Therefore, the main aim of this automated trolley is to reduce the shopping time. The
customers themselves can make billing without waiting on the queue to make payment, so it
is easy for the customer to measure the bill and also different online payment methods are
provided by the automated trolley. The shopping centres can lessen the labour supply at
charging counters and space occupation which decreases endeavours and ventures. These can
be used to improve the quality and consumer experience. More items can be placed to attract
customers instead of billing counters.

Nowadays, if customer would like to buy something at a shopping mall, customers need to
take the particular products from the display shelf and then queue up and wait for their turn to
make payment at the billing counter. Problem will surely arise when the size of a shopping
mall is big and sometimes consumers don’t even know where certain items are placed.
Besides, customers need to stand for a long time at the cashier counter for making payment.
This condition will surely become worst during the holidays or during the season of big sales.
Most of the system, people prefer to leave the shopping mall, instead of standing in the long
queue to buy products. Lot of improvements is required in the traditional billing system to
improve the quality of shopping experience to the customers. And currently barcode
technology is uses for billing. In this method, there are bar code labels on item. Person should
be present here to scan the bar code. The Main problem with barcode technology is that only
product can be scanned at a time and ditech sight of light required between the bar code and
bar code reader. When lot of products is to be scanned, it makes billing process slow and
results in long queue at billing counters. To conquer these issues expressed above and to work
on the current framework, we have planned "Automated Shopping Trolley using RFID". This
can be done by attaching RFID tags on the items and a RFID reader with a display device on
the shopping cart.
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With this system consumer will have the information about price of every product that are
scanned and removed while shopping. Total price of the item and also brief description about
the product. The system will save time consumption of customers and manpower required in
market or mall and cost associated with the product.

1.1 Aim and Objective

The main aim of our project is to reduce the time spent during the wait in the queue at the
billing counter. By using the RFID technology, we are able to scan multiple items at a given
time. RFID Reader/Writer is mounted upon the cart which scans Real Time objects placed
inside the cart and displays the total amount upon the LCD mounted on the trolley thus
reducing the total time taken by any person during checkout.

1.2 Problem Summary

 The method currently being used in Indian supermarkets and malls is the conventional
barcode system.
 The problem with such system is that it can scan only a single product at a given time.
This consumes a lot of time during the billing process.
 For example, consider a queue as in figure. Here, if the first person has 20 products in
his cart and second person has 15 products but the third person has to buy just a single
item, he will have to wait for much more time than he needs to be taken at the counter
due to the people ahead of him.
 This wastes a lot of time of the person as well as of the other people behind him and
the store authorities.
 So, we have come across a far better solution through our project which helps in
effective time management during scanning and creating the bill during checkout.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
In Paper [1] Priyanka S. Sahare, Anup Gade, Jayant Rohankar describes A Review on
Automated Billing for Smart Shopping System Using IOT hear the People have consistently
imagined and built up an innovation to help their needs as far back as the start of humanity.
The fundamental reason for headway in innovation has been in limiting errands and making
regular tasks simpler and quicker, regardless of the different spaces accessible. A significant
task on which people are discovered spending significant measure of time is shopping. For
this at start we used barcode system but after some years it also started to have issues like
LOS (line of sight), increasing queue etc. so overcome this issue a concept of smart trolley
with RFID technology was proposed. The implementation of IOT (Internet of Things) based
automated trolley system was reported in Paper [1]. Framework is utilized to ease lines in
shopping center by utilizing RFID module. The RFID reader will peruse the RFID Tag set on
the item when the item falls in the trolley. In the event that, the client needs to expel any item
then he should expel that item from the trolley. The LCD will show the subtitles of the
expelled item like name, cost and the absolute bill and with the help of Xampp server the bill
will be send to the cashier.

In Paper [2] P.T. Sivagurunathan, P. Seema,M.Shalini, R. Sindhu describes the

implementation of a Smart Shopping Cart using ZigBee networks. The reliable and cost-
efficient system design also ensures detection of deception. Thus, the smart system attracts
both the buyers and sellers and ZigBee acts like Xampp server but is more reliable. While
RFID is a relatively old technology, more recent advancements in chip manufacturing
technology are making RFID practical for new applications and settings, particularly
consumer item level tagging. ZigBee is built on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. ZigBee
provides routing and multi- hop functions to the packet-based radio protocol. ZigBee
technology is a wireless networking protocol targeted towards automation and remote-control
applications.

In Paper [3] Tharindu Athauda, Juan Carlos Lugo Marin, Jonathan Lee, Nemai Karmakar
designs a shopping cart by taking inspiration from a shopping basket which is under
development by Panasonic, in which each item is tagged using UHF RFID [range: 916-924
MHz] Two Circular Polarized (CP) Patch antennae used to read RFID tags in different
orientations. They also include a factor for measuring effectiveness of function called as
RSSI (Return Signal Strength Indicator) RSSI measurement plays a significant role in this
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smart

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trolley application as RSSI measurement indicates the directional gains that are needed for
the antenna development. CSL468 RFID reader used having 16 ports and scan speed of 300
tags/sec.

In Paper [4] Gaikwad Prerna, Kalekar Shital, Shete Renuka, Thorat Komal, Nita R. Mhaske
proposes a cart to provide billing services using a combination of RFID and Li-Fi (Light
Fidelity) systems. However, both are not used together. An option is provided at the
beginning, when the trolley is put to use by the customer, to choose whether to use RFID or
Li-Fi for scanning purposes. This system uses Arduino Uno Atmega328 microcontroller
along with RFID module (tags and reader) and Li-Fi transmitter and receiver. If RFID option
is chosen the RFID reader is activated and on adding items into the cart, RFID tags are
scanned. Otherwise, on choosing Li-Fi option, Li-Fi receiver is activated. Work flow in both
cases remains the same.

In Paper [5] the authors have designed a construct of Smart shopping trolley by using
Arduino Uno, infrared sensors, RFID Module, LCD display, Wi-Fi modem and added a DC
gear motor to enable trolley automation. It uses Ethernet Shield to connect to the Internet
using Ethernet Library. The idea is to connect trolley to cell phones using Wi-Fi/Bluetooth
and an Android app, in which a map of the mall is displayed. If customer wants to go to food
section, select food section on map, and the trolley moves automatically to the food section.
Uses RFID module (combination of tags and reader) to scan products.

In Paper [6] authors employed the method for the automatic billing system for supermarkets.
The basic idea behind this project is that to decrease the hassle in the supermarkets so that no
one has to wait in queue for hours and no one have to waste their time in billing. In the
proposed system the authors have used the RFID technology for billing the items which in
then integrated with ARDUINO. In this project they have not the mentioned the ARDUINO
type. Also, the final bill will be then sent to the cashier with the help of USB and the bill can
be printed on the spot. For making the making the circuit they have used Dip Trace. Dip
Trace is an open source software that enables us quick and easy designing of circuits. For
making the admin’s portal they have used Visual Basic software and with the help of Java
programming language they have created the GUI for the system. So as soon as you keep
something in the cart it gets scanned by the RFID reader and the bill generation starts. When
the shopping gets over the customer has to press the bill button and then connect the trolley to
with the computer and transfer the bill.

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In Paper [7] EM-18 RFID scanner module has been used. It uses a RFID reader which will
read 125 kHz tags. So, it will be known as a low frequency RFID reader. It offers out a serial
output and contains a range of approximately 8-12 cm. There is an inbuilt antenna and is
connected to the laptop with the assistance of RS232. This module is capable of handling
multiple tags at a time also the range is very less so it will not get contact with other trolley.
The RFID Readers here used are big tags with range of 125KHZ which can be detected by
EM-18 Module. It shows the real time billing and you can even delete the item you don’t
want by pressing the delete button. In this author has used ARDUINO Uno which one of the
cheapest and most efficient models in the market. It contains everything required to support
the microcontroller merely connect it to a laptop (or applicable wall power adapter) with a
USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. Once the item is
scanned it will start billing and you can remove the item if you want however they have not
mentioned how the receipt will be transferred to the billing section as they also want to keep
the databases updated for refilling the stock.

In Paper [8] the authors designed a system for shopping mall. The system is placed in the
trolleys. It consists of RFID reader and each product has RFID tag. The billing is done in
smart trolley itself. Product name and its price is displayed on LCD screen. At the cash
counter the total bill is relocated to Cashier Computer by wireless Radio Frequency module.
The disadvantage of this scheme is after completion of shopping, a key is pressed indicating
the final promoting amount of the entire item, and we cannot add or remove the products,
architecture.

In Paper [9] the authors have devised a system which consists of GSM, RFID, Automatic
Billing, OTP, ZigBee, PIC, etc. In this scheme, the item can be read by the RFID reader and
the total of the item is showed on the LCD screen. They characterized this paper because they
added some additional features in existing system; like right now, thing can be perused by the
RFID per user and the aggregate of the thing is appeared on the LCD screen. They portrayed
this paper since they included some extra highlights in existing framework like right now
item weight and name appeared in plain view in the event that thing weight is not exactly put
away weight, at that point signal will blare. There is a key cushion relegated to settle on the
decisions of client. If there is unauthorized task being conducted then the user would either
get a buzz sound or a message via GSM module. LED system are evenly used so as to make
user alert about unauthorized activity.

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In Paper [10] Manikandan T, Mohammed Aejaz M. A, Nithin Krishna N. M, Mohan Kumar

A. P, Manigandan describes a shopping cart which uses the ATMega microcontroller to carry
out various functionalities and the connections are made to ZigBee technology, power source,
EEPROM and display unit. ZigBee network provides low cost low power connectivity for
equipment that needs battery life long for several months. RFID reader is technically used to
provide a unique id and mostly used to electronically record the items and information related
to object using radio signals. A central automated billing system has been assigned where all
data is gathered according to their personal identification device, via ZigBee communication.
There the net calculations are done. Customer can get their billing details via their unique cart
number.

In Paper [11] Smart Shopping Cart with Automatic Billing System Through RFID And
ZigBee there is a correspondence between android gadget, principle server and charging
framework entryway framework by means of ZigBee module. The absolute net measure of
the items in the trolley is being determined utilizing android gadget and updates on server on
adding a product in cart, the RFID Reader reads the Product ID and the information related to
it is stored on a controller. There is a correspondence between android gadget, principle
server and charging framework entryway framework by means of ZigBee module. The
absolute net measure of the items in the trolley is being determined utilizing android gadget
and updates on server.

In Paper [12] the authors proposed an automatic billing system by means of a smart cart
which comprises of an RFID reader which will read the products containing the RFID tags
when put into the smart cart, hence ensuring an auto-billing process for customers and the
payment can also be done through mobile application. Radio Frequency does uses signals to
identify signals and objects.it reads information form a long distance as there is no line of
sight so there is no need of any physical contact. Tag than does create disturbance which is
responded by decoder. A far-field antenna uses capacitive coupling to charge the RFID tag.
Capacitive coupling occurs when the RFID reader’s antenna propagates RF. Now here two
types of RFID are available they are passive and active. Passive tags don’t have an internal
power source where active tags do work on battery. The electromagnetic field that surrounds
an RFID antenna can be broken up into two segments – near-field and far field.

In Paper [13] S. Aishwarya, D. Gomathi Shankari, R. Ilakkiya, S. Prasanth and S. Sri Heera
proposes a system where every item would be read by scanning tag as soon as its drop- in
basket. Also, the expiry date of the product is displayed alongside the product. The most

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profound and clear system has a unique id associated to each product as soon as the product is
being read by reader it automatically generates the information regarding the product on the
screen. To store the product id and details and microcontroller memory is being used. As
soon as the data about the product is being displayed on LCD screen the bill has been
transferred to the system PC via GSM/GPRS module. Asper the test, when inserting an item
into the trolley or deleting an item from the cart, the cart is able to precisely and perfectly
read it. One impressive experimented output is that the metal outside the cart restrict signal
the signal to a high degree that when the reader is inside the cart, no other item other than the
cart is being read. This clearly indicates that an item put into a smart cart will not be damaged
or read by a nearby cart accidentally.

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CHAPTER 3
REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
3.1 Hardware Requirements
 Processor: Intel Pentium 4
 Memory: 2 GB Minimum
 RFID Reader
 RFID tags

3.1.1 RFID Reader and Tag

A Radio frequency identification reader (RFID) is a device used to gather information from
an RFID, which is used to track individual objects. Radio waves are used to transfer data
from the tag to a reader.

RFID is a technology similar in theory to bar codes. However, the RFID tag does not have to
be scanned directly, nor does it require line-of-sight to a reader. The RFID tag it must be
within the range of an RFID reader, which ranges from 3 to 300 feet, in order to be read.
RFID technology allows several items to be quickly scanned and enables fast identification of
a particular product, even when it is surrounded by several other items. RFID tags have not
replaced bar codes because of their cost and the need to individually identify every item.

RFID systems use radio waves at several different frequencies to transfer data. In health care
and hospital settings, RFID technologies include the following applications:
 Inventory control
 Equipment tracking
 Out-of-bed detection and fall detection
 Personnel tracking
 Ensuring that patients receive the correct medications and medical devices
 Preventing the distribution of counterfeit drugs and medical devices
 Monitoring patients
 Providing data for electronic medical records systems
The FDA is not aware of any adverse events associated with RFID. However, there is
concern about the potential hazard of electromagnetic interference (EMI) to electronic
medical devices

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from radio frequency transmitters like RFID. EMI is a degradation of the performance of
equipment or systems (such as medical devices) caused by an electromagnetic disturbance.

RFID technology may be used in a variety of applications including:

 Passports
 Smart cards
 Airplane luggage
 Toll booth passes
 Home appliances
 Merchandise tags
 Animal and pet tags
 Automobile key-and-lock
 Monitoring heart patients
 Pallet tracking for inventory
 Telephone and computer networks
 Operation of spacecraft and satellites

3.2 Software Requirements

 Visual Studio
 XAMPP Server
 MYSQL Database Server
3.2.1 Visual Studio

Microsoft Visual Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft. It

is used to develop computer programs, as well as websites, web apps web services and
mobile apps. Visual Studio uses Microsoft software development platforms such as Windows
API, windows forms, windows presentation foundation windows Store and Microsoft
Silverlight. It can produce both native code and managed code.

Visual studio includes a code supporting IntelliSense (the code completion component) as
well as code refactoring. The integrated debugger works both as a source-level debugger and
a machine-level debugger. Other built-in tools include a code profiler, designer for
building GUI applications, web designer, class designer, and database schema designer. It
accepts plug-ins that expand the functionality at almost every level—including adding
support

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for source control systems (like Subversion and Git) and adding new toolsets like editors and
visual designers for domain-specific languages or toolsets for other aspects of the software
development lifecycle (like the Azure DevOps client: Team Explorer).

Visual Studio supports 36 different programming languages and allows the code editor and
debugger to support (to varying degrees) nearly any programming language, provided a
language-specific service exists. Built-in languages include C, C++, C++/CLI, Visual Basic
.NET, C#, F#, JavaScript, TypeScript, XML, XSLT, HTML, and CSS. Support for other
languages such as Python, Ruby, Node.js, and M among others is available via plug-
ins. Java (and J#) were supported in the past. The most basic edition of Visual Studio, the
Community edition, is available free of charge. The slogan for Visual Studio Community
edition is "Free, fully-featured IDE for students, open-source and individual developers". As
of 8 November 2021, the current production-ready Visual Studio version is 2022, with older
versions such as 2013 and 2015 on Extended Support, and 2017 and 2019 on Mainstream
support.

3.2.2 XAMPP Server

XAMPP is a free and open-source cross-platform web server solution stack package
developed by Apache friends consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MariaDB
database interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. Since
most actual web server deployments use the same components as XAMPP, it makes
transitioning from a local test server to a live server possible. XAMPP's ease of
deployment means a WAMP or LAMP stack can be installed quickly and simply on an
operating system by a developer, with the advantage that common add-in
applications such as WordPress and Joomla! can also be installed with similar ease using
Bitnami.

The most obvious characteristic of XAMPP is the ease at which a WAMP webserver stack
can be deployed and instantiated. Later some common packaged applications that could be
easily installed were provided by Bitnami. Officially, XAMPP's designers intended it for use
only as a development tool, to allow website designers and programmers to test their work on
their own computers without any access to the Internet. To make this as easy as possible,
many important security features are disabled by default. XAMPP has the ability to serve web
pages on the World Wide Web. A special tool is provided to password-protect the most
important parts of the package. XAMPP also provides support for creating and manipulating
databases in MariaDB and SQLite among others. Once XAMPP is installed, it is possible to
treat
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a localhost like a remote host by connecting using an FTP client. Using a program
like FileZilla has many advantages when installing a content management system (CMS)
like Joomla. It is also possible to connect to localhost via FTP with an HTML editor.

3.2.3 MYSQL

MYSQL ("My S-Q-L", officially, but also called "My Sequel") is (as of July 2013) the
world's second most widely used open-source relational database managementsystem
(RDBMS). It is named after co-founder Michael Widenius daughter. The SQL phrase stands
for Structured Query Language. The MySQL development project has made its source code
available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of
proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the
Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation. MySQL is a popular
choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central component of the widely used
LAMP open source web application software stack (and other 'AMP' stacks). LAMP is an
acronym for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python." Free-software-open source
projects that require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL. For
commercial use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality.
Applications which use MySQLdatabases
The database has become an integral part of almost every human's life. Without it, many
things we do would become very tedious, perhaps impossible tasks. Banks, universities, and
libraries are three examples of organizations that depend heavily on some sort of database
system. On the Internet, search engines, online shopping, and even the website naming
convention would be impossible without the use of a database. A database that is
implemented and interfaced on a computer is often termed a database server.

PHP Main Features of MySQL

• Fully multi-threaded using kernel threads. It can easily use multiple CPUs if they are
available.

• Provides transactional and non-transactional storage engines.

• Uses very fast B-tree disk tables with index compression.

• Relatively easy to add other storage engines. This is useful if you want to provide an SQL
interface for an in-house database.

• A very fast thread-based memory allocation system.

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• Very fast joins using an optimized one-sweep multi-join.

• In-memory hash tables, which are used as temporary tables.

• SQL functions are implemented using a highly optimized class library and should be as
fast as possible. Usually there is no memory allocation at all after query initialization.

• The server is available as a separate program for use in a client/server networked

environment.

• The My-SQL Server design is multi-layered with independent modules.

• Tested with a broad range of different compilers.

• Works on many different platforms.

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CHAPTER 4
PROBLEM STATEMENT
In realistic, markets are these days utilized by a considerable amount of individuals in order
for securing most of items. Item procurement speaks to an unpredictable procedure that
involves time spent in passageways, item area and checkout lines. Consumers commonly
encounter some problems and difficulty during purchasing. These problems comprise
worrying about the money which they have brought would be insufficient for all the items
purchased and also dissipating a lot of time at the cashier. And also it is becoming a
increasing problem for the merchants to make their shoppers consigned and to anticipate their
demands because of the effect of contention and also because of lack of of equipment that
isolate application designs. At some instances clients have issues with respect to the
inadequate data about the item of discounts and thereby misuse of superfluous time at the
counters. We can end this issue by supplanting the omnipresent Universal Product Code
(UPC) standardized identification by keen names known as radio frequency identification
(RFID) tag. To overcome the above problems, we implement the extensive notion of RFID
based keen shopping cart in the field of retail stock.

4.1 Objectives
The main objective involved in this plan is to implement a smart shopping cart with the help
of RFID technology for improvising purchasing. The plan is to employ the RFID related
surveillance implementation practice in the purchasing cart. In this plan RFID card is utilised
as protection entry for acquiring of commodities in the Shopping malls. If the commodity has
been placed in the shopping cart the price of the product appears and accordingly the total
amount will be shown and if we wish to remove the product from the trolley, you can take
away the product and the amount of that specific product gets deducted from total amount .In
this , the technology used is for obtaining the products thereby which boosts security
performance and speed while purchasing in shopping complexes. The technological objective
for our presented problem in shopping complexes is the practice of RFID technology for the
instinctive recognition of commodity in the interior of the purchasing cart thereby
annihilating shopper intervening in the task of commodity purchase and for payment. The
principle point of proposed framework is to give an innovation which is minimal effort
oriented , effectively adaptable, and efficiently feasible for helping shopping in individual.
With the help of this a lot of time will be saved at the billing counters.

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4.2 Expected Outcome

 Saves Customer time and enhances the shopping experience of customers.
 Avoid barcode System and
 Use of RFID Reader device reduces the checkout time of customers.
 Provides an facility of Self Checkout through payment modes like UPI and Net
Banking Payments.
 Reduces the manpower required at the billing counter and inside the shopping mall
to assist the customer to locate products, Deals of the Day, offers etc.
 Helps customer to know the bill amount so it avoids unnecessary delay at the billing
counter when customers comes with limited budget.

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CHAPTER
5
SYSTEM DESIGN

Fig. 5.1 Block diagram of Automated Shopping Trolley system

Figure 5.1 shows the block diagram of proposed system in which RFID reader is connected to
user interface device. It includes a display which display users’ operation and billing
information from central billing unit. Whenever the customer adds a product with RFID tags
into the cart, the cart recognizes it and adds in the billing section. In this way, whenever the
customer will add items into the cart and remove from the cart, the scanner will detect this,
and accordingly the invoice of added products will be generated. Nowadays several methods
are used to scan the RFID tags. Some are using ATMEGA 32 microcontroller, Em18 module
and one of the best is RC522. Like scanning has these many options for generating the bill
and send it to the cashier counter. We can use Xampp server, ZigBee module, USB wire,
Mobile app or GSM module. Some of the technologies have been used while some are still in
experimental state. So, this project enhances customer’s shopping experience. The bill is
generated simultaneously, so no need to stand in a queue for the bill and for people to unload
their items so that the cashier could scan them and generate invoice. Also, you can keep track
of your budget when the bill is being generated and you can also save money and time.

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Figure 5.2 Flow diagram for Automated shopping trolley using RFID

5.1 The operational of RFID in trolley

The ongoing RFID technology is situated at a specific static area at leave entryway. This
system is widely used in almost all shopping malls in all places. Nonetheless, the proposed
smart trolley with RFID is connected at the moving trolley, which is different from the
current trolley.

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The proposed idea is when any selected product is fell into the cart, RFID reader reads the
RFID tag inside the item and the details of the product is extracted and displayed on the LCD
screen. At the same time, billing info is also updated. The working of the Intelligent
Shopping Cart can be explained with the following steps:

1) When customers with the cart, press “start button” the system turns ON and every one of
the parts like RFID readers, microcontroller and actual media begin working.

2) Every item has an RFID tag attached on it which contains unique id. These ID’s are fed
into the database associated to the relative products.

3) Whenever the customer drops any item in the truck then the RFID reader read the tag. The
data of the item is extracted and shown on the LCD screen.

4) These steps are repeated until the end of the shopping button is pressed. Once the "End
Shopping" button is squeezed the absolute bill is send to billing counter pc.

5) There is additionally a choice to erase a portion of the items from the cart and the bill will
be updated accordingly. This is up to the customer choice.

6) At the end of shopping, the customer can straight away pay the bill and leave.

7) Inventory status of the items is also updated when shopping gets over.

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CHAPTER 6
IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation is defined as specific set of activities designed to put into practice an activity
or program of known dimensions. Implementation processes are purposeful and are described
in sufficient details such that independent can detect the presence and strength of the
“specific set of activities” related to implementation.

6.1 Details of the Language

Our project is implemented using PHP programming. The reason we chose PHP is because it
is simple to comprehend than other programming languages. Since it is an easy and powerful
language, it has been widely used for creating web-based applications that requires utmost
functionality with minimal coding. In addition, PHP based web applications are extremely
secure as compared to applications of various other programming languages. The applications
written using this PHP can run consistently across multiple platforms. The applications
developed using PHP can run on various devices such as Desktop Computers, Mobile Phones
etc.

6.1.1 PHP
PHP is mainly focused on server-side scripting ant it enables to do anything on CGI program
such as collect form data, generate dynamic page content, or send and receive cookies. PHP
can be on all major operating systems, including Linux, many UNIX variants (including HP-
UX, Solaris and Open BSD), Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, RISC OS, and probably others.
PHP also has support for most of the web servers today. By using PHP can access the PHP
program output with a web browser, viewing the PHP page through the server. This includes
Apache, IIS, and many others. And this includes any web server that can utilize the Fast CGI
PHP binary, like light tpd and nginx. PHP works as either a module, or as a CGI processor.
PHP also has support for talking to other services using protocols such as LDAP, IMAP,
SNMP, NNTP, POP3, HTTP, COM (on Windows) and countless others. You can also open
raw network sockets and interact using any other protocol. PHP has support for the WDDX
complex data exchange between virtually all Web programming languages. Talking about
interconnection, PHP has support for instantiation of Java objects and using them
transparently as PHP objects. PHP has useful text processing features, which includes the Perl
Compatible regular expressions (PCRE), and many extensions and tools to parse and access
XML documents. PHP standardizes all the XML extensions on the solid base of libxml2, and
extends
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the feature set adding Simple XML, XML Reader and XML Writer support. PHP code may
be embedded into HTML or HTML5 mark-up, or it can be used in combination with various
web template systems, web content management systems and web frameworks. PHP code is
usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web server software combines the results
of the interpreted and executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images,
with the generated web page. PHP code may also be executed with a command-line interface
(CLI) and can be used to implement standalone graphical applications.

6.1.2 HTML
HTML or Hyper Text Mark-up Language is the standard mark-up language used to create
web pages. HTML was created in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in Switzerland. It was
designed to allow scientists to display and share their research.

HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets
(like<html>). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some
tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example<img>. The first tag in a pair
is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing
tags).

The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or
audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags but uses the tags to interpret
the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with
cues for presentation, making it a mark-up language rather than a programming language.

6.1.3 CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and
formatting of a document written in a markup language. While most often used to style web
pages and interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any kind
of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is a cornerstone specification
of the web and almost all web pages use CSS style sheets to describe their presentation.CSS
is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content from document
presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can
improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification.

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6.1.4 Bootstrap
Bootstrap is an HTML, CSS & JS Library that focuses on simplifying the development of
informative web pages (as opposed to web apps). The primary purpose of adding it to a web
project is to apply Bootstrap's choices of color, size, font and layout to that project. As such,
the primary factor is whether the developers in charge find those choices to their liking. Once
added to a project, Bootstrap provides basic style definitions for all HTML elements. The
result is a uniform appearance for prose, tables and form elements across web browsers. In
addition,

6.2 Code Snippets

6.2.1 Insert and Remove Items

Figure 6.1 Code for Insert and Delete items

The above code is used to inserting and removing items from shopping trolley,
the details of items are pre define in database.

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6.2.2 Payment Module

Figure 6.2 Code for Payment Module

The above code for implementing payment module for customer check out and
also for fetching pending bill details of specific trolly to make fast billing.

6.2.3 User login

Figure 6.3 Code for User login

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The above code for implementing interface for user (shopkeeper) to login by
validating user details. Validating user details with database to login for
performing further steps in bill counter software.

6.2.4 Cart Details

Figure 6.4 Code for cart details

The above code is implemented for fetching trolly details for bill counter to
make fast payment and avoid calculate bill again at bill counter.

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CHAPTER 7

TESTING
Software Testing is defined as an activity to test whether the particular results match the
expected results and to make sure that the package is Defect free. It involves execution of a
software component or system component to gauge one or more properties of interest.
Software testing involves the execution of a software component or system component to
evaluate one or more properties of interest. In general, these properties indicate the extent to
which the component or system under test:

1) Meets the requirements that guided its design and development

2) Responds correctly to all kinds of inputs
3) Performs its functions within an acceptable time
4) It is sufficiently usable
5) Can be installed and run in its intended environments and
6) Achieves the general result its stakeholders desire.

Different Types of Software Testing

1. Unit Testing: Unit Testing is a level of software testing where individual units/
components of a software are tested. The purpose is to validate that each unit of the software
performs as designed. A unit is the smallest testable part of any software. It usually has one or
a few inputs and usually a single output.

2. Integration Testing: Integration Testing is a level of software testing where individual

units are combined and tested as a group. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose
faults in the interaction between integrated units. Test drivers and test stubs are used to assist
in Integration Testing.

3. System Testing: System Testing is a level of software testing where a complete and
integrated software is tested. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the system's compliance
with the specified requirements. system testing: The process of testing an integrated system to
verify that it meets specified requirements.

4. Interface Testing: Interface Testing is defined as a software testing type which verifies
whether the communication between two different software systems is done correctly. A
connection that integrates two components is called interface.

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5. Regression Testing: Regression Testing is defined as a type of software testing to confirm

that a recent program or code change has not adversely affected existing features. Regression
Testing is nothing but a full or partial selection of already executed test cases which are
executed to ensure existing functionalities work fine.

Table 7.1 Testing for valid user id

Test case Input Test description Output

1 User id is Special User id can include User id accepted
characters, alphabets Special Characters, successfully
or numbers alphabets or
numbers
2 User id is left blank User id cannot be Enter the User id
left blank

3 Valid User id User id accepted Successful

Table 7.2 Testing for valid password

Test case Input Test description Output

1 Password is left blank Password cannot be Enter password

blank

2 Invalid password entered Valid password must Invalid Password

be entered

3 Valid Password Password accepted Successful

Table 7.3 Testing for scanning to add item

Test case Input Test description Output

1 Scanning the items It must Add the It Display the product

product details successfully

2 If scanning is not Product is not added It does not display

done the product details

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Table 7.4 Testing for rescanning to delete item

Test case Input Test description Output

1 Rescanning the It must delete the It Display the product
items product details successfully

2 If rescanning is not Product is not deleted It displays the before

done product details only.

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CHAPTER 8
RESULTS
The results section is where the findings of the study based upon the methodology or
methodologies applied to collect information. The results part should state the findings of the
research arranged in a logical sequence without bias or interpretation. A section describing
results is particularly necessary if your paper includes data generated from your own
research.

8.1 Screenshots
The project was done using HTML, CSS and Bootstrap Template. The screenshots are given
below:

Figure 8.1 Home page of the Automated Shopping Trolley

The above Figure 8.1 shows the initial page of trolly software, in this interface we providing
help button for customer to know how to use this trolley and also providing locate product
options for customer to know where the product is located by this shop owners can avoid
labour charge In this interface we mentioning cart symbol with zero that indicates number of
items placed In shopping trolly.

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Figure 8.2 Guideline to use Automated Shopping Trolley

The above Figure 8.2 shows the guidelines after clicking help button it is for customer to know
about procedure of working with automated shopping trolley

Figure 8.3 Location of items

The above Figure 8.3 shows the location of items after clicking locate product options it is for
customer to know where items are placed in shop.

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Figure 8.4 Adding items

The above Figure 8.4 shows the screen of after adding four items from customer by do scanning
items using RFID reader, by this customer knows exact details and offer of items

Figures 8.5 Deleting items

The above Figure 8.5 shows the screen of after removing one items from customer by do
rescanning same items using RFID reader.

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Figure 8.6 payment method

The above Figure 8.6 shows the screen of payment method after clicking proceed to checkout
hear we mentioning two payment method i.e UPI and Cash payment method .In case
customer want to cancel the shopping they do by clicking cancel shopping button.

Figure 8.7 UPI payment

The above Figure 8.7 shows the screen of QR code generated for bill payment after
selecting UPI payment methods

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Figure 8.8 Cash payment.

The above Figure 8.8 shows the screen of after selecting cash payment method, Hear we
mentioning customer to pay cash at any bill counter, from hear all details are passed to bill
counter

Figure 8.9 Bill counter login

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The above Figure 8.9 shows the screen for login to billing counter by using username and
password for making customers bill payment.

Figure 8.10 Bill counter

The above Figure 8.10 shows the screen of bill counter after login it includes options of
refreshing, add user, item master, add customer and shows the daily payment amount
collected by customer.

Figure 8.11 Trolley id.

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In the above Figure 8.11 it shows trolly Id of pending to make payment it displays only after
clicking refresh button

Figure 8.12 Trolley Details

In the above Figure it shows pending bill to pay, this window opens after clicking on trolley
Id button and this details fetched from the trolly directly hear we no need to calculate the bill
again, Because it Shows the overview of the Trolley Details in which the customer wants to
make payment cash or Debit/Credit card.

Figure 8.13 Bill paid.

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Figure 8.14 Items Master.

The above Figure 8.14 shows the interface for item master it manages the below operations.
 Add Item
Only user is having the privilege to add details like Product ID, Category, Product Name,
Discount.
 Update Item
Only user is having the privilege to update an item details like Product ID, Category, Product
Name, Discount.
 Delete Item
Only user is having the privilege to delete an item details by giving their User ID.
 View Item
Only user is having the privilege to view the user details like Product ID, Category, Product
Name, Discount.

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Figure 8.15 User Control.

The above Figure shows the interface for user control it manages the below operations
 Add User
Only user is having the privilege to add a user details like User Name, User ID, Email ID,
Mobile Number, Password.
 Update User
Only user is having the privilege to update a user details like User Name, User ID, Email ID,
Mobile Number, Password.
 Delete User
Only user is having the privilege to delete a user details by giving their User ID.
 View User
Only user is having the privilege to view the user details like User Name, User ID, Email ID,
Mobile Number, Password.

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Figure 8.16 Customer membership.

The above Figure shows the interface for user control it manages the below operations
 Add Customer
Only user is having the privilege to add details of the customer like Customer Name,
Customer ID, Email ID, Mobile No, Address
 Update Customer
Only user is having the privilege to update of the customer like Customer Name, Customer
ID, Email ID, Mobile No, Address
 Delete Customer
Only user is having the privilege to delete a customer membership by giving their Customer
ID.
 View Customer
Only user is having the privilege to view the user details like Product ID, Category, Product
Name, Discount.

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CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
This section enables the researcher to write his or her inference from conducting the project
or an experiment. This section contains the outcome of the project and also what could be
seen as the future of this project as whole.

9.1 Conclusion
Each product in the shop or a mall will have an RFID tag on it. Each Cart will have an RFID
reader implemented on it. There will be online payment procedure for billing. If the product
is removed, it must get deleted from bill too. There must be an RFID reader at the exit door
for anti-theft. Depending Upon Customer Buying Habits Display Offers/Discount on screen.
Display Product Info and better alternative. So, by making use of this, the super market
shopping system will become easier.

9.2 Future work

 In Feature we decide to provide anti- theft system for a supermarket with the help of
the implementing Antenna at Check-out point It will detect unread RFID tags.
 And also voice assistant will built in the trolley in order to help the customers to
know about deals/offers in the supermarket and ask the queries using the microphone.
 Now a days many credit/debit cards are based on RFID this can be implemented in
which we can make payment.

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REFERENCES
[1] Priyanka S. Sahare, Anup Gade, Jayant Rohankar A Review on Automated Billing for
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3783-3786
[3] Tharindu Athauda, Juan Carlos Lugo Marin, Jonathan Lee, Nemai Karmakar Department
of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Robust Low-Cost Passive UHF RFID Based
Smart Shopping Trolley IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification DOI
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[4] Gaikwad Prerna, Kalekar Shital, Shete Renuka, Thorat Komal, Nita R. Mhaske Smart
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[6] Sarika S. Pandey, Soumya R. Gupta, Meenaz M. Shaikh, Komal M. Rawat, Prof. Pravin
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Trolley Using RFID Interna- tional Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering
and Technology (IJARCET)

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[13] S. Aishwarya, D. Gomathi Shankari, R. Ilakkiya, S. Prasanth and S. Sri Heera, Smart
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