Title: Study of Open Source Relational Databases : MySQL

Objectives: To learn and understand open source relational databases

Outcomes: Students will be able to learn concepts of relational databases

Hardware requirements: Any CPU with Pentium Processor or similar, 256 MB RAM or
more, 1 GB Hard Disk or more.

Software requirements: Ubuntu 14 Operating System, MySQL

Theory: A database-management system (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and a

set of programs to access those data. The collection of data, usually referred to as the
database, contains information relevant to an enterprise. The primary goal of a DBMS is to
provide a way to store and retrieve database information that is both convenient and efficient.

Database Applications:

 Banking: transactions
 Airlines: reservations, schedules
 Universities: registration, grades
 Sales: customers, products, purchases
 Online retailers: order tracking, customized recommendations
 Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain
 Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions

Data Models:

 Relational model
 Entity-Relationship data model (mainly for database design)
 Object-based data models (Object-oriented and Object-relational)
 Semistructured data model (XML)
 Other older models:
o Network model
o Hierarchical model

A database is a means of storing information in such a way that information can be retrieved
from it. In simplest terms, a relational database is one that presents information in tables with
rows and columns. A table is referred to as a relation in the sense that it is a collection of
objects of the same type (rows). Data in a table can be related according to common keys or
concepts, and the ability to retrieve related data from a table is the basis for the term
relational database. A Database Management System (DBMS) handles the way data is stored,
 maintained, and retrieved. In the case of a relational database, a Relational Database
Management System (RDBMS) performs these tasks.

A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a program that lets you create,
update, and administer a relational database. Most commercial RDBMS’s use the Structured
Query Language (SQL) to access the database, although SQL was invented after the
development of the relational model and is not necessary for its use.

MySQL open source RDBMS overview: MySQL is a popular open source relational database
management system (RDBMS) choice for web-based applications. Developers, database
administrators and DevOps teams use MySQL to build and manage next-generation web- and
cloud-based applications. With most open source RDBMS options, MySQL is available in
several different editions and runs on Windows, OS X, Solaris, FreeBSD and other variants
of Linux and Unix:

 MySQL Classic Edition, available to only independent software vendors, OEMs and value-
added resellers, is designed to be an embeddable database for read-intensive applications.
 MySQL Community Editionis the free downloadable version of MySQL available under
the GNU General Public License (GPL).
 MySQL Standard Editionis the entry-level RDBMS offering for online transaction processing
 MySQL Enterprise Editionadds advanced features, management tools (including OEM for
MySQL) and technical support.
 MySQL Cluster Carrier Grade Editionis designed for Web and cloud development.

Data types supported by MySQL open source RDBMS: MySQL data types include
numeric types, date and time types, string types (including binary, character and Binary Large
Object), and spatial types. Additionally, MySQL will map certain data types from other
DBMSes to MySQL data types for easier portability.

Install MySQL on Ubuntu 14.04:

MySQL is an open-source database management system, commonly installed as part of the

popular LAMP(Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Python/Perl) stack. It uses a relational database
and SQL (Structured Query Language) to manage its data. The short version of the
installation is simple: update your package index, install the mysql-serverpackage, and then
run the included security and database initialization scripts.

Step 1 — Installing MySQL: There are two ways to install MySQL. You can either use one
of the versions included in the APT package repository by default (which are 5.5 and 5.6), or
you can install the latest version (currently 5.7) by manually adding MySQL’s repository
first. You can just use the mysql-server APT package, which just installs the latest version for
your Linux distribution. To install MySQL this way, update the package index on your
server and install the package with apt-get.

 sudo apt-get update

 sudo apt-get install mysql-server
 You’ll be prompted to create a root password during the installation. Choose a secure one and
make sure you remember it, because you’ll need it later. Move on to step two from here.

Installing MySQL 5.5 or 5.6

If you want to install MySQL 5.5 or 5.6 specifically, the process is still very straightforward.
First, update the package index on your server.

 sudo apt-get update

Then, to install MySQL 5.5, install the mysql-server-5.5 package.

 sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.5

To install MySQL 5.6, install the mysql-server-5.6 package instead.

 sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.6

For both options, you’ll be prompted to create a root password during the installation. Choose
a secure one and make sure you remember it, because you’ll need it later.

Step 2 — Configuring MySQL: First, you’ll want to run the included security script. This
changes some of the less secure default options for things like remote root logins and sample
users.

 sudo mysql_secure_installation

This will prompt you for the root password you created in step one. You can press ENTER to
accept the defaults for all the subsequent questions, with the exception of the one that asks if
you’d like to change the root password. You just set it in step one, so you don’t have to
change it now.

Next, we’ll initialize the MySQL data directory, which is where MySQL stores its data. How
you do this depends on which version of MySQL you’re running. You can check your
version of MySQL with the following command.

 mysql –version

If you’re using a version of MySQL earlier than 5.7.6, you should initialize the data directory
by running mysql_install_db.

 sudo mysql_install_db

Step 3 — Testing MySQL: Regardless of how you installed it, MySQL should have started
running automatically. To test this, check its status.

 service mysql status

 If MySQL isn’t running, you can start it with sudo service mysql start.

For an additional check, you can try connecting to the database using the mysqladmin tool,
which is a client that lets you run administrative commands. For example, this command says
to connect to MySQL as root (-u root), prompt for a password (-p), and return the version.

 mysqladmin -p -u root version

Step 4 — Log in MySQL: Use following command to log in to MySQL

In terminal, write

 sudo mysql –u root –p

You will be prompted for password. After log in you can see mysql> prompt to execute
queries

Conclusion: In this assignment, we have studied concept of relational databases, MySQL

DBMS and steps to install MySQL on Ubuntu O.S.

Roll Name of Date of Date of Sign of Sign of

Grade
No. Student Performance Assessment Student Faculty