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Object-Oriented
Programming (OOP)

Q1. What is an example of dynamic

binding?

any method
method overloading
method overriding
compiling

Q2. For which case would the use of a

static attribute be appropriate?

the number of people in each house

in a small neighborhood
the lot size for each house in a small
neighborhood
the color of each house in a small
neighborhood
the weather conditions for each
house in a small neighborhood

Q3.1 Why would you create an abstract

class, if it can have no real instances?

to avoid redundant coding in children

to explore a hypothetical class
to prevent unwanted method
implementation
to reserve memory for an unspecified
class type

Q3.2 Why would you create an abstract

class, if it can have no real instances?

to have common behavior in derived

classes
to explore a hypothetical class
to prevent unwanted method
implementation
to reserve memory for an unspecified
class type

Q4. When does static binding happen?

only when you export

both at compile time and runtime
at compile time
at runtime

Q5. What is the best reason to use a

design pattern?

It will result in code that is more

extensible and maintainable
It will result in a more compact
product.
It will speed initial development.
It will allow you to add that design
pattern to your resume.

Q6. What is encapsulation?

defining classes by focusing on what

is important for a purpose
hiding the data and implementation
details within a class
making all methods private
using words to define classes

Q7. What is an IS-A relationship?

It implies encapsulation.
A superclass object has an IS-A
relationship with its subclass.
It implies a virtual method.
A subclass object has an IS-A
relationship with its superclass or
interface

Q8. You want a method with behavior

similar to a virtual method--it is meant
to be overridden --expect that it does
not have a method body. It just has a
method signature. What kind of
method should you use?

an abstract method
a public internal method
an internal method
a protected internal method

Q9. Which code creates a new object

from the Employee class?

Employee current Employee =

Employee.Create();
Employee current Employee = new
Employee();
Employee currentEmployee;
Employee currentEmployee =
Employee.New();

Q10. Which type of constructor cannot

have a return type?

default
copy
parameterized
Constructors do not have a return
type

Q11.1 When is a constructor executed?

when an object is created from a

class using the new keyword
when an class is defined using the
class keyword
every time an object is referenced
when an object is created from a
class using the create keyword

Q11.2 When is a constructor executed?

when an object is created from a

class
when an class is defined using the
class keyword
every time an object is referenced
when an object is created from a
class using the create keyword

Q12. If a local class is defined in a

function, what is true for an object of
that class?

The object can be accessed,

declared, and used locally in that
function.
The object must be declared inside
any other function.
The object is temporarily accessible
outside the function.
The object can call all the other class
members anywhere in the program.

Q13. Which two blocks are used to

handle and check errors?

do and check
catching and trying
try and catch
do and while

Q14. Why would you implement

composition using an id instead of a
reference?

It makes it easier to save the entity.

all of these answers
It can make the entity retrieval more
efficient
It minimizes coupling.

Q15. Which statement best describes

the method of inheritance in OOP?

Inheritance describes the ability to

create new classes based on an
existing class.
Inheritance means that a group of
related properties, methods, and
other members are treated as a
single unit or object.
Inheritance forces a class to have a
single responsibility from only one
parent.
Inheritance means that you will never
have multiple classes that can be
used interchangeably, even though
each class implements the same
properties or methods in different
ways.

Q16 Which type of inheritance ,when

done continuously, is similar to a tree
structure?

multilevel
hierarchical and multiple
hierarchical
multiple

Q17. Which statement is true?

A default parameter's constructor is

not equivalent to the default
constructor
A default constructor is inherited
from a parent class
A default constructor can be called
explicitly
A default constructor cannot be
defined by the coder

Q18. Which of the following is NOT an

advantage of using getters and
setters?

Getters and setters can speed up

compilation.
Getters and setters provide
encapsulation of behavior.
Getters and setters provide a
debugging point for when a property
changes at runtime.
Getters and setters permit different
access levels.

Q19. In context of OOP, what is

association?

Association is a relationship where all

objects have their own life cycle and
there is no owner.
Association is the process where
model elements cooperate to provide
higher-level behavior.
Association is whole/part relationship
where one object is composed of one
or more other objects, each of which
is considered a part of the whole.
Association is where all objects have
their own life cycle, but there is
ownerhip, and child objects can not
belong to another parent object.

Q20. How are user stories different

from use cases?

User Stories are shorter and less

detailed.
User stories are more accurate.
User stories are more detailed and
structured.
User storised are more anecdotal and
personal.

Q21. Which type of inheritance must be

used so that the resultant is hybrid?

multiple
any type of inheritance
multilevel
hierarchical

NOTE: Hybrid inheritance is a

composition of multiple and hierarchical
inheritances

Q22. A language that does not support

polymorphism but supports classes is
considered what?

an object-based language
a class-based language
a procedure-oriented language
if classes are supported,
polymorphism will be supported

Q23. If two classes combine some

private data members and provides
public member functions to access and
manipulate those data members.
Where is abstraction used?

Abstraction is using a private access

specifier for data members
Abstraction is using public member
functions to access and manipulate
the data members
Abstraction is using the class
concept with both data members and
member functions
There is insufficient information to
decide where abstraction is being
used.

Q24. What are the five Creational

Design patterns by the Gang of Four ?

Observer, State, Strategy, Template

Method, and Visitor.
Composite, Visitor, State, Prototype,
and Singleton.
Composite, Builder, Factory Method,
Prototype, and Singleton.
Abstract Factory, Builder, Factory
Method, Prototype, and Singleton.

Q25. In multilevel inheritance, one

class inherits how many classes?

one class only

two classes
as many classes as required
at least two classes

Q26. if an object is passed by

reference, the changes made in the
function are reflected _.

to the main object of the caller

function, too
on the caller function object and also
the called function object
on the copy of the object that is made
during the pass
only in the local scope of the called
function

Q27. What is a method?

a set of instructions designed to

perform a frequently used operation
within a program and return no
values
the exact same thing as a function
and subroutine
a set of variables that can change
over time
a procedure associated with data and
behaviour

Q28. A mobile phone is made up of

components such as a motherboard,
camera, and sensors. The motherboard
represents all the functions of a phone,
the display shows the display only, and
the phone is represented as a whole.
Which of the following has the highest
level of abstraction?

camera
display
motherboard
mobile phone

Q29. Which class has the highest

degree of abstraction in a multilevel
inheritance relationship of five levels?

the class at the third level

the class at the first level
All have the same degree of
abstraction.
the class at the second level

Q30. Which is NOT one of the basic

types of inheritance?

multilevel inheritance
double inheritance
single inheritance
hierarchical inheritance

Q31. Why is code duplication so

insidious?

The duplication uses unnecessary

space.
One has to maintain all the
duplicates.
Duplication can cause intellectual
property concerns.
Duplication is easy to hide.

Q32. When and how often is a static

constructor called?

It is called initially when an object is

created and called with every new
object instance.
It is called when an object is
destroyed and only one time.
It is called initially when an object is
created and only one time.
It is created at time when the object
is discarded.

Q33. What does the code shown below

demonstrate, and why?

static void Multiply(int num1, int

static void Multiply(double num1,
static void Multiply(float num1,

polymorphism, because each method

can perform different task
method overriding, because it display
the same method name, different or
same parameters, and same return
type
method overloading, because it
allows the creation of several
methods with the same name, wich
differ by the type of input via
parameter
method overriding, because it display
the same method name, different
parameters, and same return type

Q34. What is the purpose os static

constructor?

to initialize all the members with

static value
to delete the static members when
not required
to initialize the static members of
class
to clear all the static members'
initialized values

Q35. What are CRC Cards?

Code Responsibility Collection cards

are a brainstorming tool used in the
design of procedural software
Class responsible collaboration cards
are a brainstorming tool used in the
design of oop software
Code Responsibility Correction cards
are tools used for debugging
Code Responsibility Correction cards
are tools for modeling

reference link

Q36.1 How are contents of a

composition different from those of
aggregation?

if one element of an aggregation is

dereferenced, all its elements are
eligible for garbage collection
if a composition dies, the contents
die
the contents of a composition are all
siblings
an aggregation contains only abstract
classes

Q36.2 Which statement about

compositions and aggregations is true?

if one element of an aggregation is

dereferenced, all its elements are
eligible for garbage collection
if a composition dies, the contents
die
the contents of a composition are all
siblings
an aggregation contains only abstract
classes

Q37. What is the result of using more

abstraction?

it can increase code vulnerability

it can make code unsafe
it can limit code readability
it can be safer for coding

Q38. Which is false for a member

function of a class?

Member functions can be defined

only inside or outside the class body.
Member functions can be made to be
friends of another class.
Member functions do not need to be
declared inside the class definition.
All member functions need to be
defined.

Q39. Why is inheritance used when

creating a new class?

to protect attributes from unwanted

changes
to delegate coding responsibility
more efficiently
to conserve memory
to avoid writing duplicate code
to separate class behavior from the
more general

NOTE: I don't have 4th variant in my test,

it changed to new 5th variant. Is it also
true?

Q40. In addition to attributes and

behaviours, what quality must a class
possess?

a name
a state
a color
an object

Q41. Which type of function among the

following shows polymorphism?

inline function
undefined function
virtual function
class member function

Q42. Which words in the following list

are candidates for objects: trumpet,
clean, enrage, leaf, tree, collapse,
active, and lively?

leaf and tree

clean, enrage, and collapse
clean, active, and lively
leaf, tree, and trumpet

Q43. What best describes what object-

oriented programming does?

It focuses on objects that interact

cleanly with one another.
It programs exclusively to interfaces.
It programs exclusively to classes.
It creates one class for all business
logic.

Q44. Can abstract classes be used in

multilevel inheritance?

No, abstract classes can be used only

in single-level inheritance since they
must be immediately implemented.
yes, always
yes, but with only one abstract class
No, abstract classes do not have
constructors.

Q45. What type of inheritance may lead

to the diamond problem?

single level
multilevel
hierarchical
multiple

Q46. What is the relationship between

abstraction and encapsulation?

Abstraction is about making relevant

information visible, while
encapsulation enables a programmer
to implement the desired level of
abstraction.
Abstraction and encapsulation are
essentially the same.
Abstraction and encapsulation are
unrelated.
Encapsulation is about making
relevant information visible, while
abstraction enables a programmer to
implement the desired level of
encapsulation.

Q47. Which of these keywords are

access specifiers?

abstract and public

public and private
this and final
final and abstract

Q48. What is a reference to an object?

It is the address of variable only --

not the method of an object.
It is a shallow pointer that contains
address of an object.
 It is the physical address of an object.
It is the address where the variables
and methods of an object are stored.

Q49. Why is unit testing harder in OOP

than functional programming?

Objects may maintain internal state,

which is not easily accessible by the
tests.
The quality of unit testing
frameworks for functional languages
is better.
OOP promotes code reuse, which
means that your tests have to
consider more use cases.
Object-oriented languages tend to
rely on frameworks such as Spring or
Hibernate, which make them difficult
to test.

Q50. What is the function of a user

diagram?

It connects actors to use cases.

It links actors to roles played in all use
cases.
It lists all actors for each use case.
It minimizes the number of actors
required.

Q51. How do object behaviour and

attributes differ?

Behaviour describe dynamic

properties; attributes are static.
Attributes describe a state;
behaviours describe a change.
Attributes apply only to a specified
object; behaviour apply to other
linked objects.
Behaviours are vector quantities;
attributes are scalars.

Q52. The open/closed principle states

that classes should be open for _ but
closed for _.

refactoring; duplication
modification; duplication
extension; modification
reuse; encapsulation

Q53. Why would you override a method

of a base class?

to define a method that must be

implemented in a derived class
to define a custom implementation of
an inherited member
to define a method that must be
implemented in a superclass only
to define a class that can be inherited
from

Q54. What is a copy constructor?

It is a unique constructor for creating

a new object as a copy of an object
that already exists. There will always
be only one copy constructor that
can be either defined by the user or
the system.
It is a constructor that duplicates
itself when requested on demand.
It is a common constructor for
preventing the creation of a new
object as a copy of an object that
already exists. There will always be
multiple standard constructors that
can be either defined by the user or
the system.
It is a constructor that duplicates
itself on its own, based on memory
available.

Q55. What defines the catch block

most accurately?

The catch block that will be executed

is the one that best matches the type
of exception thrown.
Multiple catch blocks can never be
associated with a single try block.
Multiple catch blocks are mandatory
for each try block.
Multiple catch blocks will all be
executed in the case of an exception.

Q56. There are five classes. Class E is

derived from class D, D from C, C from
B, and B from A. Which class
constructor(s) will be called first if the
object of E or D is created?

A
B
C
C and B

Q57. You have modules that are

dependent on each other. If you change
one module, you have to make changes
in the dependent modules. What term
is used to describe this problem, and
what is a potential solution?

Cohesion. A solution is to show that

each module has certain
responsibilities and to use an
anticohesive design pattern.
Encapsulation. A solution is to
implement one of the SOLID
principles to ensure the modules do
not encapsulate with each other.
Coupling. A solution is to refactor the
code to be loosely coupled by using
inversion of control and dependency
injection.
Dependency. A solution is to
implement polymorphism and
abstraction to change and extract
dependent elements of a module so
that it functions on its own.

Q58. _ describes an aggregation

A class of resources
A group of methods
A collection of objects
A list of children

Q59. Which type of function can be

used for polymorphism?

virtual function
inline function
undefined function
private function

Q60. Which choice is a benefit of using

dependency injection?

loose coupling
code reusability
lazy initialization
data abstraction

Q61. Are you required to return an

object if it was passed by reference to a
function, and why or why not?

Yes, the caller function needs to

reflect the changes.
No, you should use a global variable
instead.
No, changes will be automatically
reflected in the calling function.
Yes, the object must be the same in
the caller function.

Q62. Why is inheritance ?

Yes, the caller function needs to

reflect the changes.
No, you should use a global variable
instead.
No, changes will be automatically
reflected in the calling function.
Yes, the object must be the same in
the caller function.

Q63. What is the best example of a

superclass and subclass relationship?

car:toyota
ducks:pond
toes:feet
rock:stone

Source: LinkedIn assessment practice

mode

Q64. Which statements best describe

the Gang of Four design patterns called
Memento and Observer?

Memento notifies multiple classes of

changes. Observer captures and
restores an object's internal state.
Memento defers the exact steps of an
algorithm to a subclass. Observer
defines a new operation to a class
without change.
Memento alters an object's behavior
when its state changes. Observer
encapsulates an algorithm inside a
class.
Memento captures and restores an
object's internal state. Observer
notifies multiple classes of changes.

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