Temperature Monitoring and Regulation System

Chapter 2
Literature Review

2.1 Paper 1:-

Mbamaluikem & Okeke,December 2022
Title:- Design and Analysis of a Wireless Temperature Monitoring System
2.1.1 Objective:-
To design a wireless temperature monitoring system for industrial application. The temperature
sensor detects the surrounding temperature before transmitting it to a receiver. At the receiver,
the temperature will be displayed on a liquid crystal display and portable computers for ease
of monitoring. This paper highlights the design and verification method to ensure the accuracy
of the sensing and transmitting of data.
2.1.2 Methodology:-
The main components used in this work consist of a microcontroller, an analog to digital
converter (ADC) temperature sensor, a transceiver, a receiver, an encoder and a decoder. First,
the temperature sensor will detect the room temperature and input the data to an ADC. The
ADC will convert the analog signal to digital form for the microcontroller to process the data.
Then the processed data will be sent to an encoder before it is transmitted. The receiver will
receive the encoded data and pass it to the decoder to recover the original data. The
microcontroller will process the data before displaying the data on a laptop computer or LCD.
This work uses the LM35 from National Semiconductor as the temperature sensor. The
advantage of this sensor is it produces output voltage that is proportional to temperature
(Celsius). Furthermore, it has a large temperature detection range from −55 to +150°C. The
radio frequency transmitter is connected to a power supply, an oscillator, a modulator and
amplifiers for radio frequency transmission. The radio frequency transmitter uses a frequency-
modulated crystal to modulate the signal information onto the carrier frequency, which will be
transmitted through the air to the receiver. The transmitter is small and has a low power
requirement, but can cover a large distance, a maximum of 50 meters. . The main function of
the microcontroller in the transmitter module is to convert the 8-bit data from ADC to 4 bit
width. This allows the data to be encoded by the encoder. For ease of debugging, the encoder
output is also connected to LCD to display the current temperature value that is being
transmitted. The second microcontroller processes the received data and displays the
temperature value onto a portable computer or LCD.
2.1.3 Key Findings & Conclusion:-
Wireless devices are the most popular applications in today’s consumer market. The aim of this
work is to design a low cost accurate wireless temperature monitoring system. The device can
perform temperature sensing, and transmit and receive the data. The result shows that the
wireless temperature sensor can perform accurately in various conditions and at various

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 Temperature Monitoring and Regulation System

2.2 Paper 2:-

KartikaAhmada Qodri& Muzair Isa,December 2021
Title:- Temperature Monitoring System using Arduino Uno and Smartphone Application.
2.2.1 Objective:-
This study discusses about temperature monitoring system in the goat pen via smartphone. In
addition to monitoring, temperature control is also needed to maintain temperature conditions
in the goat pen. This system is useful so that goat cultivation produces well by getting a healthy
temperature during its growing period. Manual monitoring is time consuming, so a more
practical monitoring application is required. This monitoring application is built using Internet
of Things (IoT) technology so that it can be monitored remotely.
2.2.2 Methodology:-
The methodology of this paper outlines a temperature monitoring system using an IoT
approach, Arduino, and various sensors. Here’s how the methodology might be adapted for an
overvoltage and undervoltage protection system in electronics, emphasizing circuit monitoring
rather than livestock care. As with the IoT-enabled temperature monitoring system, data can be
transmitted for remote monitoring. This could involve sending alerts or logging data via a
connected module like ESP8266 if wireless capability is desired. Using platforms like Blynk,
a mobile application can visualize the voltage levels in real-time and provide alerts if voltage
deviates from safe levels, similar to how temperature data is displayed in the goat pen
monitoring system. The system activates a heating element via a relay based on the measured
temperature. Similarly, for voltage regulation, an SSR or standard relay could trigger a response
when voltage levels exceed preset thresholds, helping regulate the system automatically. The
control logic relies on IoT-enabled software and a control application (Blynk) to monitor and
activate the relay. For Arduino, similar control can be implemented using simple C
programming for voltage checks and response triggers.
2.2.3 Key Findings & Conclusion:-
The study concludes that the IoT-enabled monitoring system using NodeMCU and a DHT22
sensor offers a practical and reliable solution for temperature control with minimal human
intervention. The implementation of remote monitoring via smartphone applications like Blynk
proved effective for real-time data collection, display, and system control. For your temperature
monitoring system, this setup provides a valuable model. The methodology can be adapted to
monitor voltage levels accurately, offering the flexibility of remote access and the safety of
automated regulation through relay-based control. The project’s effectiveness in IoT
integration and real-time monitoring makes it a robust foundation for applications in
temperature protection and system regulation with Arduino and the DHT22 sensor.

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 Temperature Monitoring and Regulation System

2.2.4 Strengths & Weaknesses:-

Strengths
1. Remote Monitoring Capability: The IoT aspect allows for remote monitoring,
reducing manual checks. This can be adapted to voltage monitoring systems to receive
alerts for abnormal voltage levels.
2. Real-Time Data Visualization: Using applications like Blynk provides clear data
visualization, helping with instant insights. Similarly, monitoring voltage levels in real
time can provide a quick response mechanism in voltage regulation applications.
3. Efficient Control Using Relays: Implementing relays allows for efficient system
control in response to sensor readings, which can be beneficial for both temperature
and voltage regulation.
Weaknesses
1. Dependency on IoT Connectivity: The effectiveness of the remote monitoring is
reliant on consistent internet connectivity. This could be a limitation if reliable internet
is not available.
2. Sensor Limitations: DHT22 has a limited accuracy range, which may be unsuitable
for applications requiring high precision.
3. Reliance on Smartphone-Based Control: Smartphone applications provide easy
control but may add complexity to projects requiring standalone monitoring and
regulation without human intervention.
2.2.5 Relevance to Your Project:-
The paper’s methodology provides useful insights for your temperature monitoring system.
The emphasis on IoT-enabled remote monitoring and relay control can be applied to design a
system that monitors voltage in real-time and triggers corrective actions when needed. Using
an Arduino Uno with the DHT22 sensor would align with the core goals of this setup, and with
some adaptation, you could integrate IoT capabilities for remote notifications, adding
significant value to your voltage monitoring and regulation system.

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 Temperature Monitoring and Regulation System

Chapter 3
Problem Definition and Methodology

3.1 Problem Definition

Many environments, such as server rooms, laboratories, and greenhouses, require precise
temperature and humidity regulation to prevent damage to sensitive equipment, maintain
product quality, or promote healthy plant growth. Variations in temperature and humidity, if
not monitored and controlled, can lead to equipment failures, product spoilage, and even safety
hazards. The traditional approach to environmental monitoring often involves manual
measurements or high-cost commercial systems, which may be impractical or expensive for
small-scale applications.
The goal of this project is to develop a Temperature Monitoring and Protection System using
Arduino and the DHT11 sensor that offers a cost-effective, automated solution for real-time
monitoring and protection. The system will measure temperature and humidity, display the
readings on an LCD screen, and automatically activate protective mechanisms (such as an
alarm or cooling fan) when the temperature exceeds a predefined threshold. This project aims
to provide a low-cost, reliable, and user-friendly solution for environments where temperature
control is essential.

3.2 Proposed Methodology

The Temperature Monitoring and Protection System using Arduino and the DHT11 sensor
operates as follows:
• Data Acquisition: The DHT11 sensor continuously measures the ambient temperature
and humidity levels. This data is then sent to the Arduino Uno microcontroller.
• Data Processing: The Arduino receives and processes the data, comparing the current
temperature against a user-defined threshold set in the code. If the temperature exceeds
this threshold, the system triggers an alert or activates a cooling mechanism.
• Output Display: The temperature and humidity readings are displayed in real time on a
16x2 LCD screen connected to the Arduino. This provides users with a clear and
accessible view of current environmental conditions.
• Protection Mechanism Activation: When the temperature exceeds the threshold, the
Arduino activates a buzzer to alert users and a relay-controlled cooling device (such as
a fan) to reduce the temperature. The system continues to monitor the temperature and
will deactivate the fan once the temperature returns to a safe level.

3.3Software/Hardware Requirements

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 Temperature Monitoring and Regulation System

Chapter 5
Result and Discussion
5.1 Result:
➢ Below Threshold (Temperature < 30°C):-
• System Status:
- The temperature readings are displayed on the LCD screen.
- Both the buzzer and fan remain OFF.
• Observations:
- The environment remains within safe limits.
- No additional power consumption due to idle buzzer and fan.
➢ At or Above Threshold (Temperature ≥ 30°C)
• System Status:
- The buzzer activates, emitting an audible alert to notify users.
- The relay module triggers the fan to cool the environment.
- The temperature readings continue to display on the LCD.
• Observations:
- Immediate activation of protective mechanisms upon crossing the threshold.
- Effective cooling observed as the temperature starts to decrease after fan activation.
➢ Returning to Normal Temperature (Temperature < 30°C After Exceeding
Threshold)
• System Status:
- The buzzer automatically turns OFF, ceasing the alert.
- The fan stops functioning, conserving energy.
- Temperature readings remain visible on the LCD.
• Observations:
- Smooth and automatic reset of the system without manual intervention.
- The environment stabilizes effectively due to the timely operation of cooling
mechanisms.

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 Temperature Monitoring and Regulation System

• Add LEDs to visually indicate different status conditions (e.g., normal, warning,
critical).

➢ Multi-Sensor Integration:
• Extend the system to include multiple sensors for monitoring different areas or zones
simultaneously.
• Use advanced sensors to monitor additional parameters, such as humidity or pressure,
for comprehensive environmental control.
➢ Improved Accuracy and Range:
• Replace the DHT11 sensor with higher-accuracy or longer-range sensors, such as
DS18B20 or PT100, for more demanding applications.
➢ Actuator Integration:
• Control additional devices, such as fans, air conditioners, or heaters, to actively
maintain desired temperature levels rather than merely responding to over-temperature
conditions.
➢ Energy Efficiency:
• Optimize the system's power consumption to make it suitable for battery-operated or
solar-powered setups, enhancing its usability in remote or off-grid locations.
➢ Robustness for Harsh Environments:
• Improve the hardware design for industrial-grade applications where the system may
encounter dust, vibrations, or extreme conditions.

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 Temperature Monitoring and Regulation System

References:

• Arduino Documentation: Arduino official website provides comprehensive

documentation on various components and code libraries, including guidance on using
the DHT11 sensor and LCD displays. Available at: https://www.arduino.cc
• DHT11 Datasheet: Datasheet for the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor,
containing technical specifications, pin configurations, and electrical characteristics.
Accessible through various electronics suppliers like Adafruit or SparkFun. Example:
DHT11 Sensor Datasheet
• LiquidCrystal Library for Arduino: Documentation for the LiquidCrystal library, used
to interface the Arduino with 16x2 LCD displays. Provides functions and examples for
display handling. Available at: Arduino LiquidCrystal Library
• Relay Modules for Arduino: Guides and tutorials on using relay modules with Arduino,
especially for controlling high-power devices like fans. Tutorials provide wiring and
code examples. Example: How to Use Relay Modules with Arduino
• Embedded Electronics and IoT: Sharma, S. (2018). Basics of Microcontrollers and
Arduino Applications. This book discusses microcontroller-based projects with a focus
on sensors, automation, and IoT applications, relevant to temperature monitoring
systems.
• Sensor Interfacing and Environmental Monitoring: Banzi, M., & Shiloh, M. (2020).
Getting Started with Arduino (4th ed.). This resource provides foundational knowledge
for beginners on building Arduino projects, including sensor interfacing, data display,
and real-time monitoring.
• Temperature Monitoring Systems: Recent research articles and case studies on
temperature monitoring and control systems in various environments, such as
"Development of a Real-Time Temperature Monitoring System for Cold Storage
Applications" published in International Journal of Embedded Systems (2021), which
discusses design methods and practical applications for similar projects.
• Electronic Components Documentation: Mouser Electronics, Digi-Key, and other
suppliers provide detailed datasheets and usage guidelines for components like the
DHT11 sensor, relay modules, and LCDs. Example: Digi-Key Electronics

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