Visvesvaraya Technological University

Belagavi, Karnataka-590 018

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

On

INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM

Submitted
in partial fulfilment requirements for the credit of the Course
on

INTERNET OF THINGS
21CC502
by

A ANJANA KAMATH 4NM21CM001

HARSHITHA S G 4NM21CM021
BHAGIRATHI B 4NM21CM013

Under the Guidance of Under the Guidance of

Mr. Sandeep Kumar S Dr. Ashish Singh
Assistant Professor Associate Professor

Department of Computer and Communication Engineering

2023-2024
 DEPARTMENT
OF
COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that A ANJANA KAMATH (4NM21CM001), HARSHITHA S
G (4NM21CM021) and BHAGIRATHI B (4NM21CM013) have successfully
completed the mini project work on ‘Intruder Alarm System’ and submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Course on Internet of Things
(21CC502) prescribed by the NMAMIT, Nitte during the academic year 2023-2024.

Course Instructor H.O.D

Mr. Sandeep Kumar S Dr. Udaya Kumar Shenoy
Assistant Professor Gd-II Professor

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1. ABSTRACT 4
2. INTRODUCTION
2.1 Introduction to Arduino IDE 5
2.2 Introduction to LCD16x2
6

2.3 Introduction to Arduino UNO 7

2.4 Introduction to Ultrasonic Sensor 7
2.5 Introduction to Buzzer 8
2.6 Mini Project Description 8
3. REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
3.1 Hardware Requirements 9
3.2 Software Requirements 9
4. DESIGN
4.1 System Architecture 10
5. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
5.1 Circuit 11
5.2 Code 12-13
5.3 Steps 14
6. RESULTS 15-16
7. CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK 17
8. REFERENCES 18

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CHAPTER 1

ABSTRACT

The intruder alarm system is targeted for the private areas, restricted areas and for the domestic home
applications to notify the entrance of the intruder or any person to the specified areas. Keeping your
private things safe from intruders can be a challenging job.[1] But with this Intruder Alarm project, it
is easy to keep your accessories safe. The intruder alarm system eliminates the theft and entrance of
the persons to the restricted areas by notifying the owner or the gardener through the registered
application when the system detects an intruder in the locality. This abstract provides a concise
overview of the key elements and functionalities of an advanced Intruder Alarm System. The system
employs various sensors to monitor physical spaces, analyzes data using machine learning algorithms
for intrusion detection, and utilizes IoT devices for real-time alerting.

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CHAPTER 2

INTRODUCTION

An intruder alarm system is a security mechanism designed to detect and alert individuals or
monitoring stations about unauthorized entry or intrusion into a protected area. These systems play a
crucial role in safeguarding homes, businesses, and various facilities by providing an early warning
against potential threats. The central control unit manages the entire alarm system. It receives signals
from sensors, processes the information, and triggers the alarm if a breach is detected. These systems
are used for different purposes and in different contexts both residential or commercial. The
main purpose of an intrusion alarm system is to protect from burglary, vandalism, property
damage, and, of course, the security of the individuals inside the building.

2.1 Introduction to Arduino IDE

(Fig 2.1 Arduino IDE)

Arduino IDE is an open-source software, designed by Arduino.cc, where IDE stands for Integrated
Development Environment provides to write, compile and upload code to most of the Arduino

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modules. Many built-in codes are available, easy to compile makes a person who has no proper
technical knowledge operate very easily.

Operating systems such as Windows, Linux, MAC etc. can support Arduino IDE which runs on
the Java Platform also including built-in functions and commands available for debugging, editing
and compiling code. Arduino IDE supports both C and C++. It has both editor and compiler in it.

2.2 Introduction to LCD 16x2

(Fig 2.2 LCD 16x2 display module)

LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display and 16x2 represents 16 columns and 2 rows of the characters.
It is very power efficient, low cost and has an extensive range of applications in circuits and devices
like mobile phones, laptops, TVs, Displays, etc. It is easy to program and even animations can be
displayed. It supports green and black displays also. It has the disadvantage of occupying quite a
large area, compatible with slow devices only and needs direct current.

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2.3 Introduction to Arduino UNO

(Fig 2.3 Arduino UNO)

The Arduino Uno is a popular open-source microcontroller board that is widely used for various
electronic projects. It is a versatile platform that allows both beginners and experienced developers
to create interactive and programmable projects without the need for extensive knowledge in
electronics or embedded systems. The Arduino Uno can be easily connected to a computer via a USB
cable. This USB interface is used for uploading sketches to the board and for serial communication
between the Arduino and the computer.

2.4 Introduction to Ultrasonic Sensor

(Fig 2.4 Ultrasonic Sensor)

An ultrasonic sensor is a device that uses ultrasonic waves for measuring distance or detecting objects.
It works on the principle of echolocation, similar to how bats navigate. The sensor emits ultrasonic
waves (sound waves with a frequency higher than the human audible range) and then measures the
time it takes for the waves to bounce back after hitting an object. This information is then used to
calculate the distance between the sensor and the object.

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2.5 Introduction to Buzzer

(Fig 2.5 Buzzer)

A buzzer is an electronic signaling device that produces sound or tone, typically used to alert or
indicate something in various applications. It consists of a small, electromechanical component that
generates sound vibrations when an electrical current is applied to it. Buzzer sounds can range from
simple beeps to more complex tones, depending on the design and purpose of the device.

2.6 Mini Project Description

The mini project involves an ultrasonic distance sensor, a buzzer (connected to pin 13), and a red
LED (connected to pin 13). The project has two main functionalities: distance measurement and
intrusion detection.

The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the distance between the sensor and an object. The distance
is calculated based on the time it takes for an ultrasonic pulse to travel from the sensor to the object
and back. The measured distance is then displayed on a 16x2 LCD screen and printed to the serial
monitor. Additionally, there is a defined intruder distance (30 units in this case), and if an object is
detected within this range, the red LED is turned on, and the LCD displays "Stop." If no object is
detected within the intruder distance, the LED is turned off, and the LCD displays "Clear."

Moreover, the project includes a siren effect triggered by the presence of an intruder within the
defined distance. When an object is detected within the intruder range, the buzzer emits a siren sound
with increasing and decreasing frequencies, creating a distinctive audible alert. The LCD is also
utilized to provide real-time feedback by displaying messages such as "Stop" or "Clear" based on the
presence or absence of an intruder.

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CHAPTER 3

REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

3.1 Hardware Requirements

 Arduino UNO
 Laptop or PC to upload code
 Ultrasonic Sensor
 LCD 16x2 display module
 USB cable
 Buzzer
 Breadboard
 LED
 Jumper Wires (Male to Male , Male to Female)

3.2 Software Requirements

 Arduino IDE
 Serial Monitor
 Windows
 LiquidCrystal.h library

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CHAPTER 4

DESIGN

4.1 System Architecture

(Fig 4.1 [4] System architecture diagram for Intruder Alarm System)

Hardware components used are Arduino UNO, LCD module, Buzzer, Ultrasonic Sensor, LED
and Laptop or PC to upload code. Software Components are Arduino IDE and LiquidCrystal.h
library. Arduino communicates with the computer through the USB port for programming and
debugging purposes. The Serial Monitor in the Arduino IDE displays information sent by the
Arduino.

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CHAPTER 5

IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

5.1 Circuit

(Fig 5.1 [3] Complete circuit for Intruder Alarm System)

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5.2 Code

#define echo 10
#define trig 11
#define outA 13// Red LED
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
// initialize the library with the pins on the Arduino board
LiquidCrystal lcd(9, 8, 5, 4, 3, 2);
float duration; // time taken by the pulse to return back
float distance; // oneway distance travelled by the pulse

const int intruderDistance = 30; // the minimum distance upto which the sensor is able to sense any
object

void setup()
{

pinMode(trig, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echo, INPUT);

pinMode(outA, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(outA, LOW);

lcd.begin(16, 2);
Serial.begin(9600);

void loop()
{

time_Measurement();
distance = (float)duration * (0.0343) / 2; // calculate the oneway distance travelled by the
pulse
Serial.println(distance);
alarm_condition();
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
policeSiren();
// print the number of seconds
//lcd.print(millis() / 1000);
delay(100);
lcd.clear();

void time_Measurement()// function to measure the time taken by the pulse to return back
{
digitalWrite(trig, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trig, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
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digitalWrite(trig, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);

}

void alarm_condition()//function to execute the output commands based on the sensor input

{
if(distance<=intruderDistance)
{
digitalWrite(outA,HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
lcd.print("Stop");

else
{
digitalWrite(outA,LOW);
lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
lcd.print("Clear");
}
}

void policeSiren()
{
if (distance <= intruderDistance)
{
digitalWrite(outA, HIGH);

for (int i = 1000; i <= 2000; i += 200)

{
tone(outA, i);
delay(50);
}
for (int i = 2000; i >= 1000; i -= 200)
{
tone(outA, i);
delay(50);
}
}
Else
{
digitalWrite(outA, LOW);
noTone(outA); // Stop the buzzer
}
}

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5.3 Steps

1. Install Arduino IDE and LiquidCrystal.h library

2. Type the code for the intruder alarm system

3. Set up hardware connections according to the circuit diagram

4. Connect to Laptop/PC and upload the code

5. If the distance between the person and the ultrasonic sensor is greater than 50 cm

6. The buzzer creates a sound of siren to alert the owner of the intruder

7. This will also cause the LED to glow

8. The LCD then displays the message “stop” and if there is no person it displays “clear”

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CHAPTER 6

RESULTS

Figure 5.1 circuit setup

Figure 5.2 Serial monitor

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Figure 5.3 Entered text displayed in LCD module.

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CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

The intruder alarm system based on Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, red LED, LCD display, and
buzzer provides a fundamental yet effective solution for detecting intruders within a specified
range.[2] The main purpose of an intrusion alarm system is to protect from burglary, vandalism,
property damage, and, of course, the security of the individuals inside the building. The
integration of visual and audible alerts enhances its capability to promptly notify users of potential
security breaches. This project serves as a valuable introduction to DIY security systems, combining
accessible hardware with straightforward Arduino programming.
The intruder alarm system, as it stands, serves as a robust foundation for a security mechanism, but
future enhancements could propel it into a more advanced and sophisticated solution. One potential
avenue for improvement is the incorporation of machine learning algorithms for pattern recognition.
By leveraging advanced algorithms, the system could learn and adapt to the environment over time,
distinguishing between normal and suspicious activities more accurately. This could reduce false
positives and enhance the overall reliability of the alarm system.

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CHAPTER 8

REFERENCES

Websites Referred
 [1] https://www.etechnophiles.com/5-arduino-ultrasonic-sensor-projects-with-
code-circuit-diagram-and-more/#google_vignette
 [2] https://www.getkisi.com/overview/intrusion-alarm-systems
 [3] https://www.tinkercad.com/
 [4] https://app.diagrams.net/

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