Structure void setup() void loop() Control Structures if (x<5){ } else { } switch (myvar) { case 1: break; case 2: break;

default: } for (int i=0; i <= 255; i++){ } while (x<5){ } do { } while (x<5); continue; //Go to next in do/for/while loop return x; // Or return; for voids. goto // considered harmful :-) Further Syntax // (single line comment) /* (multi-line comment) */ #define DOZEN 12 //Not bakers! #include <avr/pgmspace.h> General Operators = (assignment operator) + (addition) - (subtraction) * (multiplication) / (division) % (modulo) == (equal to) != (not equal to) < (less than) > (greater than) <= (less than or equal to) >= (greater than or equal to) && (and) || (or) ! (not) Pointer Access & reference operator * dereference operator Bitwise Operators & (bitwise and) | (bitwise or) ^ (bitwise xor) ~ (bitwise not) << (bitshift left) >> (bitshift right) Compound Operators ++ (increment) -- (decrement) += (compound addition) -= (compound subtraction) *= (compound multiplication) /= (compound division) &= (compound bitwise and) |= (compound bitwise or) Blink Sketch /* Blink Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly. */ void setup() { // initialize the digital pin as an output. // Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards: pinMode(13, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // set the LED on delay(1000); // wait for a second digitalWrite(13, LOW); // set the LED off delay(1000); // wait for a second }

Arduino Cheat Sheet V.03c

ATMega168 ATMega328 ATmega1280 Flash (2k for boobtloader) SRAM EEPROM 16kB 1kB 512B 32kB 2kB 1kB 128kB 8kB 4kB

Constants HIGH | LOW INPUT | OUTPUT true | false 143 // Decimal number 0173 // Octal number 0b11011111 //Binary 0x7B // Hex number 7U // Force unsigned 10L // Force long 15UL // Force long unsigned 10.0 // Forces floating point 2.4e5 // 240000

Qualifiers static // persists between calls volatile // use RAM (nice for ISR) const // make read-only PROGMEM // use flash

External Interrupts attachInterrupt(interrupt, function, [LOW,CHANGE,RISING,FALLING]) detachInterrupt(interrupt) interrupts() noInterrupts()

# of IO

Duemilanove/ Nano/ Pro/ ProMini 14 + 6 analog (Nano has 14+8)

Mega 54 + 16 analog 0 - RX1 1 - TX1 19 - RX2 18 - TX2 17 - RX3 16 - TX3 15 - RX4 14 - TX4 2,3,21,20,19,18 (IRQ0- IRQ5)

Serial Pins Ext Interrupts

0 - RX 1 - TX 2 - (Int 0) 3 - (Int 1) 5,6 - Timer 0 9,10 - Timer 1 3,11 - Timer 2 10 - SS 11 - MOSI 12 - MISO 13 - SCK Analog4 - SDA Analog5 - SCK

Digital I/O pinMode(pin, [INPUT,OUTPUT]) digitalWrite(pin, value) int digitalRead(pin) //Write High to inputs to use pull-up res

Libraries:
PWM pins

Data Types void boolean (0, 1, false, true) char (e.g. a -128 to 127) unsigned char (0 to 255) byte (0 to 255) int (-32,768 to 32,767) unsigned int (0 to 65535) word (0 to 65535) long (-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647) unsigned long (0 to 4,294,967,295) float (-3.4028235E+38 to 3.4028235E+38) double (currently same as float) sizeof(myint) // returns 2 bytes

Analog I/O analogReference([DEFAULT,INTERNAL,EXTERNA L]) int analogRead(pin) //Call twice if switching pins from high Z source. analogWrite(pin, value) // PWM

Serial. begin([300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 28800, 38400, 57600, 115200]) end() int available() int read() flush() print() println() write() EEPROM (#include <EEPROM.h>) byte read(intAddr) write(intAddr,myByte)

SPI I2C

0-13 53 - SS 51 - MOSI 50 - MISO 52 - SCK 20 - SDA 21 - SCL

Advanced I/O tone(pin, freqhz) tone(pin, freqhz ,duration_ms) noTone(pin) shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, [MSBFIRST,LSBFIRST], value) unsigned long pulseIn(pin, [HIGH,LOW])

Strings char S1[15]; char S2[8]={'a','r','d','u','i','n','o'}; char S3[8]={'a','r','d','u','i','n','o','\0'}; //Included \0 null termination char S4[ ] = "arduino"; char S5[8] = "arduino"; char S6[15] = "arduino"; Arrays int myInts[6]; int myPins[] = {2, 4, 8, 3, 6}; int mySensVals[6] = {2, 4, -8, 3, 2}; Conversion char() byte() int() word() long() float()

Servo (#include <Servo.h>) attach(pin , [min_uS, max_uS]) write(angle) // 0-180 writeMicroseconds(uS) //1000-2000, 1500 is midpoint read() // 0-180 attached() //Returns boolean detach()

Time unsigned long millis() // 50 days overflow. unsigned long micros() // 70 min overflow delay(ms) delayMicroseconds(us)

Math min(x, y) max(x, y) abs(x) constrain(x, minval, maxval ) map(val, fromL, fromH, toL, toH) pow(base, exponent) sqrt(x) sin(rad) cos(rad) tan(rad)

SoftwareSerial(RxPin,TxPin) // #include<SoftwareSerial.h> begin(longSpeed) // up to 9600 char read() // blocks till data print(myData) or println(myData)

From Arduino.CC

Random Numbers randomSeed(seed) // Long or int long random(max) long random(min, max)

Bits and Bytes lowByte() highByte() bitRead(x,bitn) bitWrite(x,bitn,bit) bitSet(x,bitn) bitClear(x,bitn) bit(bitn) //bitn: 0-LSB 7-MSB

Wire (#include <Wire.h>) // For I2C begin() // Join as master begin(addr) // Join as slave @ addr requestFrom(address, count) beginTransmission(addr) // Step 1 send(mybyte) // Step 2 send(char * mystring) send(byte * data, size) endTransmission() // Step 3 byte available() // Num of bytes byte receive() //Return next byte onReceive(handler) onRequest(handler)

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