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Partial en 2018-19

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11 views1 page

Partial en 2018-19

Uploaded by

houssienalarab2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lebanese University M2201 - Metric spaces Duration : one hour

Faculty of Science (I) Partial exam Year : 2018-19

Exercise 1 : (6 pts)
Let (X, d) be a metric space, a ∈ X and A ⊆ X. Show that if (xn ) is a sequence in A such
that lim xn = a then a ∈ A.
n→∞

Exercise 2 : (12 pts)


Let d(x, y) = |x − y| be the usual metric on R, and consider the application d1 : R × R → R
defined by (
|x| + |x − y| + |y| if x 6= y,
d1 (x, y) =
0 if x = y.
1. Show that d1 is a distance on R.

2. Show that, for every r > 0, we have Bd1 (0, r) = Bd 0, r2 .




3. For x0 6= 0 and 0 < r < |x0 |, determine the ball Bd1 (x0 , r).

4. Show that d and d1 are not topologically equivalent.

5. Let f : (R, d1) → (R, d) be the function defined by f (x) = x.

(a) Show that f is continuous on R.

(b) Is f a Homeomorphism ? Justify your answer.

Exercise 3 : (12 pts)


Consider the set R equipped with the usual distance d(x, y) = |x − y|. Let S ⊆ R be both
open and closed at the same time. The goal is to show that S = ∅ or S = R.
We proceed by contradiction and we suppose that S 6= ∅ and S 6= R.

1. We assume that S bounded in R. Let a = inf S and b = sup S.

(a) Show that a ∈ S and b ∈ S.

(b) Show that there exist r1 > 0 and r2 > 0 such that

]a − r1 , a + r1 [ ⊆ S and ]b − r2 , b + r2 [ ⊆ S.

2. Deduce that S is not bounded from above and from below.


 
3. Let x0 ∈ S c , where S c is the complement of S, and let A = x0 , +∞ ∩ S.

(a) Show that A is open and closed in R.

(b) Show that A 6= ∅ and A 6= R.

4. Deduce that S = ∅ or S = R.

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