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Article-Graph-Premiere Page

Uploaded by

Lilia Sfaxi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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International Journal of Data Science and Analytics

https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-023-00495-5

REGULAR PAPER

How to create graphs in hardware-constrained environments?


Choosing the best creation approach via machine learning-based
predictive models
Mariem Loukil1,2 · Lilia Sfaxi2,3 · Riadh Robbana2,3

Received: 8 October 2023 / Accepted: 8 December 2023


© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024

Abstract
Graphs are increasingly adopted to model and handle complex systems, but their processing is known to be resource-intensive
due to the complexity of the algorithms and the size of the graphs. This hindrance limits their usage for those who do not
possess sophisticated equipment with “unlimited” memory space. In this paper, a new graph format called compressed edge-
centric (CEC) is proposed, aiming to reduce memory usage by compressing graph edges, facilitating more efficient large graph
handling. It is then followed up by the implementation of several graph creation approaches, each using a different graph
representation and parallelism level. The idea is to use a predictive model to estimate the execution time and used memory,
along with a decision-making process that will automatically choose the best approach by selecting the lowest predicted
time that does not overload the memory for a given graph and in a certain hardware environment. Experiments on diverse
real-world graphs, sourced from the Network Repository, demonstrate that CEC-based creation methods are more efficient
than vertex-centric techniques in terms of time (up to 60% decrease) and in many cases in terms of memory consumption (up
to 50% decrease). Since this efficiency is not uniformly observed, this work relies on machine learning models to predict the
time and memory of each approach for a given context. The results show that linear models are not adequate to thoroughly
predict time and memory consumption, while tree-based solutions give considerably better results.

Keywords Graph creation · Limited-resource environments · Predictive models

1 Introduction able. Graph theory, introduced in the eighteenth century by


Leonhard Euler [9], established the mathematical founda-
At the crossroads of the evolution of graph theory and the tions of graphs, while network science, a new discipline
more recent emergence of network science, the analysis of emerging in the twenty-first century, rather than focusing
complex interconnected structures becomes more approach- solely on the theoretical aspects, captures the complex intri-
cacies of interdependent systems [8].
B Mariem Loukil Modeling networks as graphs enables capturing the inter-
[email protected] actions and the links between the system’s components and,
B Lilia Sfaxi therefore, offers ways to understand, analyze, and extract
[email protected] knowledge about these systems and their behaviors [8, 22,
Riadh Robbana 28]. This evolution, while enriching the analytical toolbox
[email protected] available for network analysis, has concurrently escalated
the computational demands, especially in the context of Big
1 Software Engineering Department, Mediterranean Institute of
Data and its inherent complexities.
Technology, South Mediterranean University, Tunis 1053,
Tunisia One of the factors contributing to the rise of network
2 science as a field since the turn of this century is the
LIPSIC Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Tunis (FST),
University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia unprecedented availability at large scale of the resources
3 and technology to collect, store, share, process, and analyze
Department of Computer Science Engineering and
Mathematics, INSAT, University of Carthage, Tunis 1080, data [8]. Consequently, it has become increasingly prevalent
Tunisia to perceive systems with separable elements and connec-

123

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