MAC 251 Lecture Slides Module 2
MAC 251 Lecture Slides Module 2
MAC 251:
Fundamentals of Communication and
Information Sciences
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Module 2 Content
◼Module 2: Information System Planning and
Development
Introduction to Systems
Information Systems
System Development Life Cycle Models
Information System Professionals
1. Introduction to Systems
Learning Outcomes
linkages.
• Different arrows are used to show information flow, material flow, and
information feedback.
2. Information Systems
Information System Modeling (cont’d)
2. Flow System Models
• A flow system model shows the orderly flow of the material, energy,
quantity.
• The Gantt chart, for example, gives a static picture of an activity-time
relationship..
2. Information Systems
Information System Modeling (cont’d)
consists of −
a. Inputs that enter the system
b. The processor through which transformation takes place
c. The program(s) required for processing
d. The output(s) that result from processing.
2. Information Systems
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
SDLC is a conceptual model which includes policies and procedures
for developing or altering systems throughout their lifetime.
◼ Waterfall Model
◼ Incremental model
◼ V model
◼ Prototyping model
◼ Spiral Life Cycle Model
◼ Rapid Application Development
◼ Agile Life cycle models
◼ Lean model
3. SDLC Models
Waterfall Model
The waterfall model is a step-by-step sequential description of the
product’s life cycle that spans the phases of SDLC: Analysis,
Design, Implementation, Testing and Maintenance
3. SDLC Models
Waterfall Model
Attributes of the model:
• Each of its stages must be entirely concluded before the next can
begin.
• Thus, analysis of requirements must be thorough and final before
design begins, and testing can only be efficiently carried out once
coding is entirely complete.
• Each stage is regarded as a static component, a rigid step in the
process.
• Subsequent changes in previous steps (e.g., awareness of new
requirements) cannot be taken into account.
3. SDLC Models
Waterfall Model
Shortcoming of the model:
◼ Viewing each stage as a single, “frozen” step of evolution can
greatly delay the implementation stage because errors will
only be detected very late in the process, during the testing
phase, which is preceded by extensive designing and coding.
◼ Waterfall Model
◼ Incremental model
◼ V model
◼ Prototyping model
◼ Spiral Life Cycle Model
◼ Rapid Application Development
◼ Agile Life cycle models
◼ Lean model
3. SDLC Models
Waterfall Model
The waterfall model is a step-by-step sequential description of the
product’s life cycle that spans 5 key stages: Analysis, Design,
Implementation, Testing and Maintenance
◼ Waterfall Model
◼ Incremental model
◼ V model
◼ Prototyping model
◼ Spiral Life Cycle Model
◼ Rapid Application Development
◼ Agile Life cycle models
◼ Lean model