1. A steam power plant operates on an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle. Steam
enters the turbine at 6 MPa and 450°C and is condensed in the condenser at 20 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 0.4 MPa to heat the feedwater in an open feedwater heater. Water leaves the feedwater heater as a saturated liquid. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram, and determine (a) the net work output per kilogram of steam flowing through the boiler and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
2. Repeat Prob. 1 by replacing the open feedwater heater with a closed
feedwater heater. Assume that the feedwater leaves the heater at the condensation temperature of the extracted steam and that the extracted steam leaves the heater as a saturated liquid and is pumped to the line carrying the feedwater.
3. Consider an ideal steam regenerative Rankine cycle with two feedwater
heaters, one closed and one open. Steam enters the turbine at 12.5 MPa and 550°C and exhausts to the condenser at 10 kPa. Steam is extracted from the turbine at 0.8 MPa for the closed feedwater heater and at 0.3 MPa for the open one. The feedwater is heated to the condensation temperature of the extracted steam in the closed feedwater heater. The extracted steam leaves the closed feedwater heater as a saturated liquid, which is subsequently throttled to the open feedwater heater. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the mass flow rate of steam through the boiler for a net power output of 250 MW and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. 4. A steam power plant operates on an ideal reheat– regenerative Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 80 MW. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 10 MPa and 550°C and leaves at 0.8 MPa. Some steam is extracted at this pressure to heat the feedwater in an open feedwater heater. The rest of the steam is reheated to 500°C and is expanded in the low pressure turbine to the condenser pressure of 10 kPa. Show the cycle on a T- s diagram with respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the mass flow rate of steam through the boiler and (b) the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Answers: (a) 54.5 kg/s, (b) 44.4 percent 7. The gas-turbine portion of a combined gas–steam power plant has a pressure ratio of 16. Air enters the compressor at 300 K at a rate of 14 kg/s and is heated to 1500 K in the combustion chamber. The combustion gases leaving the gas turbine are used to heat the steam to 400°C at 10 MPa in a heat exchanger. The combustion gases leave the heat exchanger at 420 K. The steam leaving the turbine is condensed at 15 kPa. Assuming all the compression and expansion processes to be isentropic, determine (a) the mass flow rate of the steam, (b) the net power output, and (c) the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle. For air, assume constant specific heats at room temperature.