Data Interpretation
Data Interpretation
REASONING ABILITY
DATA INTERPRETATION
When a piece of information is given and based on that information, questions need to
be solved, such representation of data and answering questions based on it is called
data interpretation.
It must be noted that good command over the other topics included in the numerical
ability section is extremely important to solve the subparts of each graph or data which
is presented under the data interpretation questions.
A.Line Chart – A line chart can represent the data in linear or line format. This is
also a commonly used format to ask data interpretation questions in many exams.
B.Pie Chart – A pie chart is a circular representation of data. One or more pie charts
may be given in a single question
C. Bar Graph – Information may be presented in the bar graph format and questions
based on the given information may have to answer.
D.Tabular Form – A table with the required data can be given and interpreting the
data given in it, the questions may have to be answered
Line chart or line graph is a form of chart that shows data or statistics as a
sequences of individual data points recognized as ‘markers’ which are
connected through straight lines. It displays quantitative values for a specific
period of time. It included two axis: X and Y, displaying horizontally and
vertically and usually denoted as (x,y). It also allows the students to visualize
the trends and helps them in making analyses.
Questions:-
1) The line graph below shows the export of three different companies from
the year 2001 to 2007. Study the graph carefully and answer the questions
accordingly.
Among the following pairs of years find out which year the total exports of all
the three companies was equal?
Answer:- A
In 2001 = 20 + 40 + 70 = 130
In 2002 = 50 + 30 + 80 = 160
In 2004 = 60 + 80 + 50 = 190
Therefore, in the years 2005 and 2006 the export from all the three companies was
same.
2) Among the following years given below in which year the difference
between the export from company A and company B was the minimum?
Answer:- A
In 2001: 40 – 20 = 20
In 2002: 80 – 50 = 30
In 2003: 130 – 30 = 100
In 2004: 80 – 60 = 20
In 2005: 110 – 40 = 70
In 2006: 70 – 40 = 30
In 2007: 130 – 110 = 20
On the basis of the option, the difference between the exports was minimum in 2007.
3) Find the difference between 2003 and 2006’s average export of the three
Companies.
Answer:- C
Average export of company A, B, and C is 2003 = 30 + 130 + 50/3 = 70
A pie chart is a circular shaped geometrical visual graphic that exhibits data,
information, figures, and statistics in the format of an easy-to-read ‘pie-slice’
with fluctuating sizes describing how much one data component exists. The
larger the part, the more of that precise data were grouped.
Questions:-
The following pie-chart displays the percentage distribution of the cost in self-
publishing a book. Study the pie-chart below and then answer the questions
accordingly.
1) If for certain number of books, the publisher paid the amount of Rs. 21,500
for the cost for book designer, then how much amount will be paid for
promotion of the book?
A.16125 B.18559 C.12489 D.16000
Answer:- A
Let the amount paid for promotion be x
Then, 20: 15 = 21500: x
x = 21500 * 15/20 = 16125
Therefore, the amount paid for promotion is Rs. 16125
2) Find the sector’s central angle which is corresponding to the amount paid
on Book Designing?
Answer:-C
Sector’s central angle corresponding to Book Designing: 20% of 360 o
3) If 4200 copies of the book are published and its cost for editing and
proofreading cost is 65800, then find at what price the seller will sell the book
if he wants to earn 20% profit?
A. 61.5 B. 62.66. C. 69.05. D. NONE.
Answer:-B
For the seller wants to earn 20 % profit, then selling price = 120% of cost price.
4) By how much amount the formatting of the book is a lesser amount for
editing the book?
Answer:-B
A bar chart is a chart or graph which shows definite data presented in a form
of rectangular bars along with lengths and heights proportionate to the
presented data and statistics. The rectangular bars are designed vertically or
horizontally. A bar graph depicts a comparisons between different categories.
It included two axis: X axis and Y axis. One axis shows the precise categories
being associated, and another axis shows the measured value. The bar graph
below provides the information about the sales of computers (in thousand
number) from six different company during 2010 and 2011. Study the graph
properly and answer all the given questions.
QUESTIONS:-
The bar graph below provides the information about the sales of computers (in
thousand number) from six different company during 2010 and 2011. Study
the graph properly and answer all the given questions.
1) Find the ratio between total sales of company B and company D for the year
2010 and 2011.
Answer:- A
Company B’s sale in 2010 = 85000
In 2011 = 75000
In 2011 = 105000
2) Total sales of company F is what percent of company C’s total sales for both
2010 and 2011 together?
Answer:- C
Company F’s sale in 2010 = 80000
In 2011 = 90000
In 2011 = 120000
Total sale of company F = 80000 + 90000 = 170000
Answer:- B
Average of all the six companies in 2010 = 90 + 85 + 105 + 95 + 85 + 80/ 6
= 540/6 = 90
Average of all the six companies in 2011 = 115 + 75 + 120 + 105 + 105 + 90/6
= 610/6 = 101.66
4) Find the average sale of company A, C, and F for the year 2011.
Answer:- D
In 2011 the sale of company A, C, and F were: 115 + 120 + 90 = 325
One of the simplest methods used to analyse the data and to display the data is
in tabular form. In the tabular form, you get a systematic arrangement of rows
and columns. The first column is used to indicate the titles and the first row is
also used to indicate the same. It is very accurate as well as an easy method to
display the data. Although this is a simple method, it can be time-consuming as
well. To solve this section easily we will provide you with some tips and tricks.
1. This technique can be very time-saving and can be particularly helpful when the
options are not very close. In this technique, you have to calculate everything by
rounding it up to ‘0’ as the last digit.
2. While looking at the data, be sure that you are in the right column and row. Try and
check the information as carefully as you can.
3. While carefully going through the data be absolutely sure about the units that are
used. This will be helpful when there are conversions asked. A single ‘0’ can make
your answer wrong.
4. Before solving the question have a look at the options as well. If they are not very
close then try and solve as quickly as you can.
5. While looking at the options do note whether they are in percentage or decimal. This
will help you when you start solving the question. And in the end, if you are required
to convert your answer as well.
QUESTIONS:-
1) Study the data given below carefully and answer the following questions:
The table given below gives the data of a clothing brand “X” which own stores in
different cities in India. The monthly profit of the brand in different cities has been given
in the table.
1) What is the average profit earned by company X in the month of April for all
the cities combined together?
Answer:- B
Average profit earned by company X in the month of April for all 5 cities combined
together = (50000+12000+17000+19000+22000) / 5 = 120000 / 5 = 24000
2) Which of the given cities has earned the maximum profit for the 5 months
combined together?
Answer:- B
Maximum profit earned by company X in Lucknow was in the month of May = Rs. 65000
Minimum profit earned by company X in Chennai was in the month of January = Rs.
13000
Difference = Rs. (65000-13000) = Rs. 52000
In data interpretation, there are different types of questions asked. Some of them are the
traditional table-based missing data type questions, while some are radar-based or bar
graph based untraditional questions. You can approach it the same way as you solve the
table based questions. In any data interpretation question, it is important that you filter out
the necessary data and based on that solve the required questions.
QUESTIONS:-
1) In how many years the sale of tabs is less than the sale of mobile phones in
the given years?
Answer:- C
From the chart above it is clear that in 2011 the sale of tab was less than sale of mobile.
Similarly, in 2012, 2015, and 2016 the sale of tab was less as compared to the sale of
mobile phones. Therefore, in four years the sale was less.
2) What is the proportion of total number of tabs sold to the total number of
mobile phones sold in all the years?
Answer:- B
3) In which year there was maximum percentage upsurge in the sales for
mobile phones?
Answer:- C
For mobile the sale in 2011 was 35 and in 2012 was 33.
Therefore, the sale decreased. In 2012 was 33 and 2013 was also 33. Therefore, there
was no change in the sale. In 2013 was 33 and 2014 was 35.
Therefore, there was an increase by 2 thousand. Percent increase = 2/33 * 100 = 6.06%.
So, there was increase of 1 thousand. Percent increase = 1/35 * 100 = 2.85%. In 2015
was 36 and 2016 was 40.
4) In which year there was maximum percentage upsurge in the sales for tabs?
Answer:- D
For tabs the sale in 2011 was 30 and in 2012 was 25. Therefore, the sale decreased. In
2012 was 25 and 2013 was also 37. Therefore, there was increase by 12 thousand.
Percent increase = 12/25 * 100 = 14%. In 2013 was 37 and 2014 was 40. Therefore,
there was an increase by 3 thousand. Percent increase = 3/37 * 100 = 8.10%. In 2014
was 40 and 2015 was 30. So, the sale decreased. In 2015 was 30 and 2016 was 20.
Therefore, the sale decreased
Thus, highest increase in the sale was in year 2013.
QUESTIONS
DIRECTION FOR Q.1 – Q.2:- The following pie-charts displays the amount of
subscription produced from different bonds of India from various groups of
investors. Study the pie-chart below and then answer the questions
accordingly.
1) If the investment by National banks are Rs 1,000 crore, then find the
investments made by offshore funds and corporate houses.
Explanation:-
Therefore, the investment offshore funds and corporate houses together = 48/4 * 1000
= 12000
2) Find the percentage of the total investment made by others and FII.
Explanation:-
DIRECTION FOR Q.3 – Q5. :- The bar graph below provides information about
the production of three different smartphones (in thousands) from 2000 to
2005 by a company. Study the graph properly and answer all the given
questions.
3) Find the percentage decline in the production of smartphone C in 2005 as
compared in the year 2003?
Explanation:-
4) Among the following years below, in which year the percentage rise/fall in
production compared to the previous year is the maximum for smartphone B?
Explanation:-
The percent change in the production as compared to the previous year for smartphone
B:
Explanation:-
The overall production of smartphone C in 2002 and 2003 = 40 + 40 = 80
= 160%
DIRECTION FOR Q.5 – Q8. :- The line graph given below shows the percent
profit received by company XYZ and company RST for the years from 2010 to
2015. Study the graph carefully and answer the questions given.
5) The ratio of income of company XYZ and RST is 4:5 in 2014. Find the ratio of
their expenditure in 2014.
Explanation:-
Let us assume the income of company XYZ and RST in 2014 as 4x and 5x
Let us assume the expenditure of company XYZ and RST in 2014 as E x and Ey
60 = 4x – Ex/ Ex * 100
= 60/100 = 4x/Ex – 1
= Ex = 4x * 100/160….. (equation1)
45 = 5x – Ey/Ey * 100
= 45/100 = 5x/Ey – 1
= Ey = 5x * 100/145…. (equation2)
6) If company RST’s expenditure in 2011 was Rs. 150 crores, then find the
income of 2011.
Explanation:-
100x = 19500
x = 195
7) Company XYZ’s expenditure in 2012 was Rs. 180 Crores and income was
same as 2015’s expenditure. Find the income of company XYZ in 2015.
Explanation:-
100x = 27000
x = 270
y = 391.5 crores
8) If in 2013 the income of both the companies were equal, then find the ratio
of the expenditure of XYZ and RST in 2013?
x = 145/100Ex….. (equation1)
x = 155/100Ey….. (equation2)
8) Find the percent decrease in college B’s students in the year 2007 as
compared to the previous year.
Explanation:-
Therefore, decrease = 40 – 30 = 10
9) Find the sum of the students in college A in 2002 and college B in 2006?
Explanation:-
10) Find the percent increase in college A’s students in the year 2006 as
compared to the previous year.
Explanation:-
Therefore increase = 35 – 30 =5
DIRECTION FOR Q.10– Q12:- Answer the questions based on the information
given below.
The table given below shows the distribution of employees in five different companies in
2019.
10) What are total numbers of female employees working in Genpact and
Google together in 2019?
Explanation:-
Total number of female employees in Genpact and Google together in 2019 = 8540 +
17640 = 26,180
11) Which company has the second highest number of employees in 2019?
Explanation:-
12) What is the ratio of male employees in Genpact to the female employees of
Infosys in 2019?
Explanation:-
Directions:(13-15) Read the following graph carefully and answer the question
given below.
Line graph given below shows the total annual salary (in lakhs) of six different persons P,
Q, R, S, T and U in 2012.
13) If the total annual salary of P is increased by 1 lakhs and the total annual
salary of Q is decreased by 0.8 lakh then what is the percent increase or
decrease in P’s salary with respect to Q’s salary?
Explanation:-
14) What is the ratio of total annual salary of P and T to the total annual salary
of S and R?
Explanation:
15) What is the percent increase in the total annual salary of U with respect to
the total annual salary of T?
Explanation:
Percentage Increase=0.5/5*100=10%
16) If Jai and Veer spend 30% and 45% in year 2017 then what is the total
saving of Jai and Veer together in 2017?
Explanation:
17) Jai’s total salary in year 2016, 2019 and 2020 is what percent more or less
than Veer’s salary in same years?
Explanation:
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
Directions (1-5): Study the following line graph carefully and answer the
questions given
below:
2. If the expenditure of company C₁in the year2009 was Rs. 2.25 lakh, then
what was the profit percentage?
of C₁in that year?
1. 124%
2. 112%
3. 122%
4. 108%
5. 118%
3. If the profit percentage of company C₂in the year 2011 is 20%, what was its
expenditure in that year? (in
Rs, lakh)
1. 5.83
2. 4.58
3. 4.12
4. 6.83
5. 3.45
4. What is the average income of company C₃over all the years? (inRs. lakh)
1. 4.63
2. 3.83
3. 4.83
4. 4.23
5. 4.18
Directions (6- 8): Study the following bar graphs to answer the questions given
below:
Income of railways from the Super-fast trains and Express trains.
Total Expenditure of the Railway on both (Super-fast trains and Express
trains ) [Profit = Income -
Expenditure]
7. In which of the following years is the profit of hte Railways the maximum?
1. 2011-12
2. 2012-13
3. 2013-14
4. Other than the given options
5. 2010- 11
8. In hoe many years is the income from Express trains less than the average
income the Express trains in
all the given years together?
1. 3
2. 1
3. None
4. Other than the given options
5. 2
Directions (9-): Study the table carefully answer the questions given below.
In six years, the number of students taking admissions and leaving from the five
different colleges which
were founded in 2010 is given below.
Note:
A - Admitted
L – Leaving
9) What is the average number of students studying in all the five colleges in
2012?
1. Other than the given options
2. 1594
3. 1694
4. 1574
5. 1584
11) The number of students leaving college from the year 2010 to 2015 is
approximately what per cent of
the number of students taking admission in the same college and during the
same year?
1. 37%
2. 43%
3. 39%
4. 41%
5. Other than the given options
12) What is the difference behaviour the number of students taking admission
between 2011 and 2015 in
college D and B?
1. 415
2. 395
3. 435
4. Other than the given options
5. 385
13) In which of the following colleges, is the percentage increase in the number
of students from the year
2010 to 2015 the maximum?
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. E
5. C