DAY 1

TOPIC: Flow of fluids

Filtration
Centrifugation

Flow of fluids
1. Classify flow meters. Explain Rotameter with general design & working.
2. What is manometer? Explain anyone in detail.
3. Derive the Bernoullis’s equation with proper assumption.
4. Differentiate Orifice meter and Venturimeter.
5. What is Reynolds number? Show how it is dimensionless. What is its significance in fluid flow?
6. Draw a labeled diagram of venturi-meter / orifice meter & explain its construction &
working.
Filtration
1. Write a brief note on objectives & theories of filtration.
2. Explain filter used for filtration of sterile preparations.
3. Define the filter aid. Give the example of filter aid & methods of addition.
4. Explain construction and working of filter press.
5. Explain theory of and mechanism of filtration.
6. Explain principal, construction, working and advantages with labeled diagram of
Metafilters.
7. Differentiate surface filtration & depth filtration with diagram.
8. Explain in brief: Rotary drum filter.
9. Write a note on factors affecting filtration Process.
10.Write short notes on Filter aids.
11.Write a note on construction and working of leaf filter.

Centrifugation

1. Explain construction & working of supercentrifuge with diagram.

2. Explain the conical disc centrifuge or De Laval Clarifier.
3. Write a note on principle & theory of centrifugation.
4. What are basket centrifuges? Describe the theory of centrifugation.
5. Explain centrifuge to separate two immiscible liquids with labelled diagram.
6. Explain theory of centrifugation. Give its applications in pharmacy.
7. Discuss in detail Non-Perforated basket type centrifuge.
8. Discuss the principle of centrifugation. Explain perforated centrifuge.
9. Explain Principles, Construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of conical disc centrifuge.
 DAY 2
TOPIC: Size reduction
Size separation
Mixing
Size reduction
1. Enlist mechanisms of size reduction. Describe fluid energy mill in detail.
2. Describe ball mill with working principle.
3. Explain laws governing size reduction.
4. Describe the mechanisms of size reduction with suitable examples of Equipment.
5. Discuss the objectives and various mechanisms of size reduction with examples.

Size separation
1. Enlist official standards of powders. Discuss the principle and operation of Cyclone
Separator.
2. Why size separation is required? What are the methods involved in size separation?
3. Explain elutriation. Describe multistage elutriation process.
4. Define and classify the powder as per IP and enlist the specification of sieves.
5. Define following terms (i) Number of sieve (ii) Nominal size of aperture (iii) approximate
percentage sieving area (iv) sifting (v) Moderately fine powder.
6. Discuss Objectives, applications & mechanism of size separation.
7. Give a note on official standards of powders.
8. Write short notes on Sieve shaker.

Mixing
1. Classify solid mixers. Explain any one in detail.
2. Enlist mixers for semisolids. Describe planetary motion mixer.
3. Explain the terms: Positive Mixing, Negative Mixing and Neutral Mixing giving suitable
examples.
4. Enlist mixers for semisolids. Describe planetary motion mixer.
5. Explain mechanism of mixing in solids.
6. Write a note on Silverson Emulsifier.
7. Discuss factors affecting mixing.
8. Enlist mixers for liquids. Describe Turbine mixers.
9. Explain principle, construction, working, applications, advantages and disadvantages of
sigma-blade mixer with the help of a diagram.
10. Classify impeller and explain all.
 DAY 3
TOPIC: Evaporation
Distillation
Heat Transfer

Evaporation
1. Define evaporation. Give principle & operation of climbing film evaporator.
2. With a neat diagram explain the falling film evaporator & climbing film evaporator.
3. Explain the factor affecting on evaporation.
4. With a neat diagram explain the falling film evaporator & climbing film evaporator.
5. Elaborate the concept of multiple effect evaporation.
6. Define evaporation. Give principle & operation of forced circulation evaporator.
7. Describes the factors influencing evaporation process.
8. Define evaporation. Give principle & operation of steam jacketed kettle.

Distillation
1. What is distillation? Explain fractional distillation with detailed diagram.
2. Write a note on steam distillation.
3. Define distillation and discuss the application of distillation process in field of
pharmacy.
4. Classify distillation methods. Explain molecular distillation.
5. Write a note on Distillation under reduced pressure.
6. Differentiate Distillation and Evaporation processes.

Heat transfer
1. Explain heat transfer mechanisms in detail.
2. Explain Fourier’s law in heat transfer.
3. Explain Heat exchangers.
4. Give a short note on Heat transfer by conduction, convection & radiation.
5. Explain the concept of Black body and Gray body in thermal radiation.
6. Write short notes on heat interchangers or heat exchangers.
 DAY 4
TOPIC: Drying
Materials of pharmaceutical plant construction, Corrosion and its prevention

Drying
1. Explain drying curve with its application.
2. Give principle & construction of freeze dryer with its merits & demerits.
3. With neat diagram explain Fluidized bed dryer (FBD).
4. Discuss principle, construction, working, merits and demerits of spray dryer with labelled
diagram.
5. Explain following terms (i) CMC (ii) EMC (iii) Loss on Drying.
6. Differentiate (i) Conduction & Convection (ii) Drying & Evaporation
7. Give Principle, Figure, Working, and Advantages, Disadvantages of a dryer used for
Thermolabile and hygroscopic Material.
8. List out Dryers. Write a note on drum dryer.

Materials of pharmaceutical plant construction, Corrosion and its prevention

1. Explain factors affecting selection of materials for pharmaceutical plant construction.

2. Write a short note on theory of corrosion with its importance.
3. Write a note on Ferrous and nonferrous metals.
4. Discuss types of corrosion and there prevention.