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16 views2 pages

Ass 1 FJP

Uploaded by

Saif Ullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Assignment 1: Set theory, Relations, Functions

Ling 324; Fall 2007


Due on Sept. 14 in class

Your answers should be clear and well-organized, and written in full sentences in proper English
when asked to provide explanations. Please type your answers, or write very neatly.

1. Determine whether each of the following is true or false and explain why. Note that ∅ stands
for the empty set.
(a) ∅ ⊆ ∅
(b) ∅ ∈ ∅
(c) ∅ ∈ {∅}
(d) ∅ ⊆ {∅}
(e) {a, b, c} ∈ {a, b, {a, b, c}}
(f) {a, b, c} ⊆ {a, b, {a, b, c}}
(g) {a, b, c} ∈ ℘({a, b, {a, b, c}})
(h) {{a, b, c}} ⊆ ℘({a, b, {a, b, c}})
(i) {a, b, c, {a, b, c}} − {a, b, c} = {a, b, c}
2. Specify the following sets using a list notation.
(a) ({1, 3, 5, 7} ∪ {3, 1}) ∩ {3, 5, 7}
(b) ({1, 2} − {5, 7, 9}) ∪ ({5, 7, 9} − {1, 2, 7})
(c) ℘({7, 8, 9}) − ℘({7, 8})
(d) ℘({∅})
3. Specify the following sets using a list notation.
(a) ({2} × {1, 2}) × {1, 2, {3}}
(b) {∅, 1} × {1, 2}
(c) ℘({1, 2, 3})×{1}
4. Using the set-theoretic equalities in ‘Mathematical Preliminaries’ lecture notes, show that
the following set-theoretic expression is true for any sets X and Y.
X ∩ (Y − X) = ∅

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5. Are the following statements true or false? Explain why.
(a) {x : x = b} = {b}
(b) {x : x is green} = {x : x is red}
(c) {y : y ∈ B} = B
(d) {y : y ∈ {x : x ∈ A}} = {x : x ∈ A}
(e) {y : {x : x likes y} = ∅} = {y : {x : y likes x} = ∅}

6. Let M = {John, Mary, Peter};


Let taller than be a relation in M.
Assume that John is taller than Mary, and Mary is taller than Peter.
(a) Specify taller than relation in M using a predicate notation.
(b) Specify taller than relation in M using a list notation.
(c) Is taller than relation in M reflexive? Explain why.
(d) Is taller than relation in M symmetric? Explain why.
(e) Is taller than relation in M transitive? Explain why.
(f) Specify taller than′ in M (complement of taller than) first using a list notation and
then using a predicate notation.
(g) Specify taller than− in M (inverse of taller than) first using a list notation and then
using a predicate notation.

7. The following are relations from {1,2,3,4} to {a, b, c, d}. Which of the following relations
are (total) functions? For the ones that are (total) functions, describe the kind of function
each one is (one-to-one vs. many-to-one, onto or into).
a. {< 1, a >, < 2, b >, < 3, c >, < 4, d >}
b. {< 1, a >, < 2, b >, < 3, c >, < 4, c >}
c. {< 1, a >, < 2, b >, < 3, c >, < 3, d >}
d. {< 1, a >, < 2, b >, < 3, c >}

8. Give the characteristic functions of the following sets with respect to the universe {1,2,3,4}.
Specify them first as set of pairs, and then in a notation using arrows.
(a) { }
(b) {2}
(c) {1,4}
(d) {1, 2, 3, 4}

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