Python Handbook - Comprehensive Guide
Python Programming Handbook
This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of Python programming, focusing on the topics
outlined in your syllabus. It is designed to aid beginners with clear explanations, examples, and
practice questions.
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Python Handbook - Comprehensive Guide
Module 1: Python Basics
1. Why Python?
Python is known for its simplicity, readability, and vast applications ranging from web development
to AI and data science.
2. Applications of Python
- Web development (e.g., Django, Flask)
- Data analysis and visualization
- Machine learning and AI
- Game development
- IoT applications
3. Number Systems
Python supports binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal number systems, which can be converted
using built-in functions.
4. Variables and Data Types
- Variables store data values and do not require explicit declaration of types.
- Common data types: int, float, str, list, tuple, dict, set, bool.
5. Control Structures
Python supports conditional statements like if, elif, and else for decision-making.
Example:
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Python Handbook - Comprehensive Guide
if x > 0:
print("Positive")
elif x == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Negative")
6. Lists and Tuples
- Lists: Mutable sequences, e.g., [1, 2, 3].
- Tuples: Immutable sequences, e.g., (1, 2, 3).
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Python Handbook - Comprehensive Guide
Module 2: Loops and Functions
1. Loops
- While loop: Executes as long as the condition is true.
- For loop: Iterates over sequences like lists or ranges.
- Break and Continue control the loop's flow.
Example:
for i in range(5):
if i == 3:
continue
print(i)
2. List Comprehensions
- A concise way to create lists.
Example: squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
3. Functions
- Defining and using functions.
Example:
def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"
print(greet("Alice"))
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Python Handbook - Comprehensive Guide
4. Recursive Functions
- Functions that call themselves.
Example: Factorial calculation
def factorial(n):
return 1 if n == 0 else n * factorial(n-1)
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Python Handbook - Comprehensive Guide
Module 3: Advanced Topics
1. String Operations
- Slicing and manipulating strings.
Example: s = "Hello"[1:4] # 'ell'
2. File Handling
- Open, read, write, and close files.
Example:
with open("file.txt", "r") as file:
content = file.read()
3. Exception Handling
- Use try-except to handle runtime errors.
Example:
try:
result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
4. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Example:
class Animal:
def speak(self):
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Python Handbook - Comprehensive Guide
return "I make a sound"
class Dog(Animal):
def speak(self):
return "Bark"
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