Whatsapp to get full access +91 9686945757

FEW IMP
TIPS FOR
DEVELOPERS
Java
www.myjavainterview.in

@backend.interview.preparation
 General Java Tips
1. Use meaningful variable and method names for better
readability.
2. Always initialize variables; uninitialized variables can
cause runtime errors.
3. Use comments thoughtfully; let the code explain itself.
4. Use @Override annotations to prevent hidden bugs.
5. Prefer interfaces over abstract classes for better
flexibility.
6. Use constants with static final for values that don't
change.
7. Avoid hard-coded numbers; use constants for better
understanding.
8. Use enums instead of integer constants for better type
safety.
9. Keep methods short and focused on one task.
10. Follow Java coding conventions, like camelCase for
variables and PascalCase for classes.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Performance Optimization
11. Avoid creating unnecessary objects; reuse objects when
possible.
12. Use StringBuilder for string concatenation inside loops.
13. Prefer primitive types over boxed types for better
performance.
14. Use the transient keyword to exclude fields from
serialization.
15. Use lazy initialization to improve memory usage.
16. Use thread pools instead of creating new threads
frequently.
17. Cache expensive computations when values are reused
often.
18. Use Stream.parallel() carefully; it’s not always faster.
19. Optimize loops by reducing redundant operations.
20.Use proper data structures (e.g., HashMap for fast
lookups).

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Java Collections
21. Choose the right collection type for your needs (List,
Set, Map).
22. Use ArrayList for fast random access and LinkedList for
fast insertion.
23. Use HashSet to prevent duplicate entries in collections.
24. Use TreeMap or TreeSet for sorted collections.
25. Avoid Vector and Hashtable; prefer ArrayList and
HashMap.
26. Use Collections.unmodifiableList() for read-only lists.
27. Use Collections.synchronizedList() for thread-safe
collections.
28. Avoid mixing synchronized and unsynchronized
collections.
29. Use ConcurrentHashMap for high-concurrency
scenarios.
30. Use forEach or streams for cleaner iteration logic.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Error Handling
31. Use checked exceptions for recoverable errors and
unchecked for programming errors.
32. Always close resources in a finally block or use try-
with-resources.
33. Don’t catch generic Exception or Throwable; catch
specific exceptions.
34. Log exceptions instead of suppressing them.
35. Use custom exceptions to make your code self-
explanatory.
36. Avoid empty catch blocks; at least log the error.
37. Use meaningful error messages in exceptions.
38. Don’t use exceptions for normal control flow.
39. Avoid throwing exceptions in loops; they are costly.
40. Prefer Optional for handling nullable return types
gracefully.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Java Streams
41. Use filter() for conditional selection in streams.
42. Use map() to transform elements in a stream.
43. Use flatMap() to flatten nested collections.
44. Use reduce() for combining stream elements.
45. Use Collectors.groupingBy() to group data.
46. Use Collectors.joining() for concatenating strings.
47. Be cautious with parallel streams; test performance.
48. Use streams with try-with-resources for file processing.
49. Use peek() for debugging streams but not for
production logic.
50. Avoid modifying shared mutable state in streams.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Java 8 Features
51. Use lambda expressions for cleaner code.
52. Prefer Optional to handle nulls instead of checks.
53. Use default methods in interfaces for backward
compatibility.
54. Use the @FunctionalInterface annotation to define
functional interfaces.
55. Use CompletableFuture for asynchronous
programming.
56. Use method references for concise lambda
expressions.
57. Leverage the java.time package for date and time
operations.
58. Use Stream.of() for quick stream creation.
59. Use Files.lines() to read files as streams.
60. Use Collectors.toMap() for mapping collections.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Java Concurrency
61. Use ExecutorService for managing thread pools.
62. Prefer Callable over Runnable when return values are
needed.
63. Use CountDownLatch for coordinating multiple threads.
64. Use Semaphore to control access to shared resources.
65. Avoid using Thread.sleep() for task scheduling; prefer
ScheduledExecutorService.
66. Use ReentrantLock for advanced locking needs.
67. Use AtomicInteger for thread-safe
increment/decrement operations.
68. Always shut down thread pools to release resources.
69. Avoid sharing mutable objects between threads
without proper synchronization.
70. Use CompletableFuture for non-blocking asynchronous
tasks.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Spring Boot
71. Use profiles for environment-specific configurations.
72. Use @Transactional for managing database
transactions.
73. Use @RestController to simplify API endpoint definitions.
74. Prefer @Value or configuration properties for
externalized settings.
75. Leverage Spring Data JPA for database operations.
76. Use Feign for declarative REST clients.
77. Use Spring Security for secure authentication and
authorization.
78. Use Spring Cache for caching frequently accessed
data.
79. Monitor applications with Actuator.
80. Use Spring Boot DevTools for live reloading during
development.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Debugging and Testing
81. Use logging libraries like SLF4J with Logback for
effective logging.
82. Use @Test with JUnit or TestNG for unit testing.
83. Mock dependencies with Mockito in unit tests.
84. Use @SpringBootTest for integration testing in Spring
Boot.
85. Debug exceptions with the stack trace for quick issue
identification.
86. Use assertThrows() to test exception scenarios.
87. Enable GC logging to analyze memory management
issues.
88. Use profilers like JVisualVM or YourKit for performance
debugging.
89. Write test cases for edge cases.
90. Test for thread safety in concurrent scenarios.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Miscellaneous
91. Use BigDecimal for precise calculations with currency.
92. Avoid floating-point arithmetic for financial
calculations.
93. Use volatile for variables that can be accessed by
multiple threads.
94. Understand the difference between == and .equals().
95. Use try-with-resources for auto-closing resources.
96. Avoid using System.exit() in production code.
97. Use Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook() for
cleanup on application exit.
98. Always use UTF-8 encoding for cross-platform
compatibility.
99. Optimize queries in Hibernate by understanding N+1
problems.
100. Regularly update Java to leverage the latest features
and security patches.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Advanced Java Concepts
101. Understand the difference between deep cloning and
shallow cloning.
102. Use final for immutable objects and variables.
103. Implement equals() and hashCode() properly for
objects used in collections.
104. Use Comparator for custom sorting logic.
105. Leverage reflection only when absolutely necessary; it
can impact performance.
106. Understand the Java memory model and its
implications on concurrency.
107. Use weak references (WeakReference) to avoid
memory leaks.
108. Understand how the classloader works for debugging
loading issues.
109. Use the volatile keyword to ensure visibility in
multithreaded environments.
110. Use ThreadLocal for thread-specific data storage.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Design Patterns
111. Use the Singleton pattern with enum to ensure thread
safety.
112. Apply the Factory Method pattern for creating objects
without specifying their class.
113. Use the Builder pattern for constructing complex
objects step by step.
114. Implement the Decorator pattern for adding
functionality dynamically.
115. Use the Observer pattern for event-driven
programming.
116. Implement the Proxy pattern for controlling access to
objects.
117. Use the Strategy pattern for interchangeable
algorithms.
118. Apply the Adapter pattern for compatibility between
interfaces.
119. Use the Dependency Injection pattern for better code
modularity.
120. Apply the Command pattern for encapsulating
requests.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Java Security
121. Always hash passwords with a strong hashing algorithm
like bcrypt or PBKDF2.
122. Use secure random number generators
(SecureRandom) for cryptographic purposes.
123. Prefer HTTPS over HTTP for secure communication.
124. Avoid hardcoding sensitive information like API keys;
use environment variables.
125. Use java.security APIs for encryption and decryption.
126. Validate all input to prevent injection attacks.
127. Use Content-Security-Policy headers to secure web
applications.
128. Keep dependencies updated to avoid known
vulnerabilities.
129. Use JWTs securely by signing with a strong secret key.
130. Leverage Spring Security for authentication and
authorization.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 GC and Memory Management
131. Understand different garbage collection algorithms
and their use cases.
132. Monitor GC performance using tools like VisualVM.
133. Avoid long-living objects in the young generation to
reduce GC pauses.
134. Use -Xms and -Xmx to configure heap size
appropriately.
135. Analyze memory usage with heap dumps to identify
leaks.
136. Use soft references (SoftReference) for memory-
sensitive caches.
137. Clear unnecessary references to allow objects to be
garbage collected.
138. Avoid circular references in custom data structures.
139. Use tools like Eclipse MAT (Memory Analyzer) for
debugging memory issues.
140. Know when to use PhantomReference for pre-GC
cleanup tasks.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Spring Boot and Microservices
141. Use @FeignClient with load balancing for distributed
services.
142. Implement circuit breakers with Resilience4j or Hystrix.
143. Use @Retryable for retrying failed operations in
microservices.
144. Leverage Spring Cloud Config for centralized
configuration.
145. Use Spring Boot Admin for monitoring microservices.
146. Use @EnableCaching and configure CacheManager
for caching.
147. Secure REST APIs with OAuth2 or JWT in microservices.
148. Use distributed tracing tools like Zipkin or Jaeger for
observability.
149. Optimize the startup time of microservices by profiling
bean loading.
150. Use asynchronous communication (e.g., Kafka) to
decouple services.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Database Tips
151. Use connection pooling libraries like HikariCP for
efficient database connections.
152. Prefer parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection.
153. Use database migrations tools like Flyway or Liquibase.
154. Optimize database queries using indexing and explain
plans.
155. Use @NamedQuery for better maintainability in JPA.
156. Avoid loading unnecessary data by using @Query with
specific fields.
157. Use @BatchSize to reduce the number of queries in
Hibernate.
158. Avoid lazy-loading pitfalls by using proper fetch
strategies.
159. Test SQL queries in the database before integrating
them into code.
160. Prefer database transactions for ensuring data
consistency.

Whatsapp to get full access to website +91 9686945757

 Ravi Bisht FOLLOW
@backend.interview.preparation

daily reminder

Microservice Projects
and
java interview
preparation website

MESSAGE ME
TO GET ACCESS
- START PREPARING TODAY