Internet of Things-

TY B.Tech 2017
Interdisciplinary Elective I
Prof. Nitin N. Sakhare
VIIT, Pune
 Syllabus
• IoT: Definition and Characteristics
• Vision, Emerging Trends, Economic Significance
• Technical Building Blocks
• Physical Design of IoT, IoT Things, Protocols
• Logical Design, functional blocks, communication
models, communication APIs
• IoT enabling technologies
• IoT levels and deployment templates
• IoT issues, challenges
• Applications
 IoT Definition and Characteristics
• The interconnection via the Internet of
computing devices embedded in everyday
objects, enabling them to send and receive data.
• The Internet of things is the extension of Internet
connectivity into physical devices and everyday
objects. Embedded with electronics, Internet
connectivity, and other forms of hardware, these
devices can communicate and interact with
others over the Internet, and they can be
remotely monitored and controlled.
 Characteristics
• Interconnectivity
• Things related services
• Heterogeneity
• Dynamic and self adapting
• Scalability
• Safety
• Compatibility
• Unique Identity
 Internet of Things- Vision
• Presence of objects/things in an environment through wired/wireless
connectivity and unique addressing schemes and able to interact and
cooperate each other to create new set of applications
• everyday objects, that are readable, recognizable, locatable, addressable
through information sensing device and/or controllable via the Internet,
irrespective of the communication means (whether via RFID, wireless LAN,
wide area networks, or other means).
• Objects make themselves recognizable and they obtain intelligence by
making or enabling context related decisions with the fact that they can
communicate information about themselves.
• They can access information that has been aggregated by other things, or
they can be components of complex services. This transformation leads
to emergence of cloud computing capabilities and the transition of the
Internet towards IPv6 with an almost unlimited addressing capacity.
• The goal of the Internet of Things is to enable things to be connected
anytime, anyplace, with anything and anyone ideally using any path/
network and any service.
 Emerging Trends in IoT
1. Big Data Convergence
• A lot of new devices that are selected for are
producing a fair share of the data.
• Cloud is considered to be capable of
controlling the analytic requirements and
storage; it lacks some specifics while working
with bigger data and so IoT needs to work on
their big-data junction from now on.
2. Data Processing with edge computing
• IoT gets the best success by their cost-effectiveness and
efficiency while processing data.
• Faster processing of data is prominent in all the smart
devices such as the self-driving vehicles and the intelligent
traffic-lights.
• Edge computing is said to the solution to this trouble of
this Internet of Things Trends.
• Edge computing usually outperforms the Cloud when it
comes to speed and cost. We all know that faster
processing means lower latency and that is what Edge
Computing does. Data processing with the Edge Computing
will exist with the Cloud for the betterment of IoT
3. Greater consumer adoption
• Smart homes
• Smart classrooms
• Smart cities
• Smart agriculture
• Smart healthcare
4. IoT with AI and ML
• AI and a machine
learning system that can
easily identify the trends.
• IoT Technology Trends
will bring up better data
analytics and make it
easier to safeguard them.
• It also collects insights
from the considerable
data for making a better
decision for our lives.
5. Need for IoT Security
• Keeping devices free from bugs
• Volume of data
• Cyber attacks
• Authentication and authorization of things
6. Predictive analytics
7. Creation of Unified Framework for Integration
• Lack of the unified IoT framework is
something that IoT has faced as a challenge
while cooperating with the industries.
• The companies have got no central shared
platform
 IoT applications and economic
significance
• The IoT application covers “smart” environments/spaces in
domains such as: Transportation, Building, City, Lifestyle,
Retail, Agriculture, Factory, Supply chain, Emergency,
Healthcare, User interaction, Culture and tourism,
Environment and Energy.
 IOsL (Internet of smart living):
• Remote Control Appliances: Switching on and off remotely
appliances to avoid accidents and save energy
• Weather: Displays outdoor weather conditions such as humidity,
temperature, pressure, wind speed and rain levels with ability to
transmit data over long distances
• Smart Home Appliances: Refrigerators with LCD screen telling
what’s inside, food that’s about to expire, ingredients you need
to buy and with all the information available on a Smartphone
app. Washing machines allowing you to monitor the laundry
remotely, and. Kitchen ranges with interface to a Smartphone
app allowing remotely adjustable temperature control and
monitoring the oven’s self-cleaning feature
• Safety Monitoring: cameras, and home alarm systems making
people feel safe in their daily life at home
• Intrusion Detection Systems: Detection of window and door
openings and violations to prevent intruders
• Energy and Water Use: Energy and water supply consumption
monitoring to obtain advice on how to save cost and resources, &
many more…
 IOsC ( Internet of smart cities)
• Structural Health: Monitoring of vibrations and material
conditions in buildings, bridges and historical monuments
• Lightning: intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street lights,
Safety: Digital video monitoring, fire control management, public
announcement systems
• Transportation: Smart Roads and Intelligent High-ways with
warning messages and diversions according to climate conditions
and unexpected events like accidents or traffic jams
• Smart Parking: Real-time monitoring of parking spaces availability
in the city making residents able to identify and reserve the
closest available spaces
• Waste Management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to
optimize the trash collection routes. Garbage cans and recycle
bins with RFID tags allow the sanitation staff to see when garbage
has been put out.
 IOsE (Internet of smart environment)
• Air Pollution monitoring: Control of CO2 emissions of factories,
pollution emitted by cars and toxic gases generated in farms
• Forest Fire Detection: Monitoring of combustion gases and
preemptive fire conditions to define alert zones
• Weather monitoring: weather conditions monitoring such as
humidity, temperature, pressure, wind speed and rain,
Earthquake Early Detection
• Water Quality: Study of water suitability in rivers and the sea for
eligibility in drinkable use, River Floods: Monitoring of water level
variations in rivers, dams and reservoirs during rainy days
• Protecting wildlife: Tracking collars utilizing GPS/GSM modules to
locate and track wild animals and communicate their coordinates
via SMS.
 IOsI (Internet of smart industry)
• Explosive and Hazardous Gases: Detection of gas
levels and leakages in industrial environments,
surroundings of chemical factories and inside mines,
Monitoring of toxic gas and oxygen levels inside
chemical plants to ensure workers and goods safety,
Monitoring of water, oil and gas levels in storage tanks
• Maintenance and repair: Early predictions on
equipment malfunctions and service maintenance can
be automatically scheduled ahead of an actual part
failure by installing sensors inside equipment to
monitor and send reports.
 IOsH (Internet of smart health)
• Patients Surveillance: Monitoring of conditions of patients inside
hospitals and in old people’s home
• Medical Fridges: Control of conditions inside freezers storing
vaccines, medicines and organic elements
• Fall Detection: Assistance for elderly or disabled people living
independent
• Dental: Bluetooth connected toothbrush with Smartphone app
analyzes the brushing uses and gives information on the brushing
habits on the Smartphone for private information or for showing
statistics to the dentist
• Physical Activity Monitoring: Wireless sensors placed across the
mattress sensing small motions, like breathing and heart rate and
large motions caused by tossing and turning during sleep,
providing data available through an app on the Smartphone.
 IOsE (internet of smart energy)
• Smart Grid: Energy consumption monitoring and
management
• Wind Turbines/ Power house: Monitoring and analyzing
the flow of energy from wind turbines & power house, and
two-way communication with consumers’ smart meters to
analyze consumption patterns
• Power Supply Controllers: Controller for AC-DC power
supplies that determines required energy, and improve
energy efficiency with less energy waste for power supplies
related to computers, telecommunications, and consumer
electronics applications
• Photovoltaic Installations: Monitoring and optimization of
performance in solar energy plants.
IOsA (internet of smart agriculture)
• Green Houses: Control micro-climate conditions to maximize the
production of fruits and vegetables and its quality
• Compost: Control of humidity and temperature levels etc. to
prevent fungus and other microbial contaminants
• Animal Farming/Tracking: Location and identification of animals
grazing in open pastures or location in big stables, Study of
ventilation and air quality in farms and detection of harmful gases
from excrements
• Offspring Care: Control of growing conditions of the offspring in
animal farms to ensure its survival and health, field Monitoring:
Reducing spoilage and crop waste with better monitoring,
accurate ongoing data obtaining, and management of the
agriculture fields, including better control of fertilizing, electricity
and watering.