Prepared by: M. S.

KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 59 -

CHAPTER – 4: DETERMINANTS
MARKS WEIGHTAGE – 05 marks

NCERT Important Questions & Answers

x 2 6 2
1. If , then find the value of x.
18 x 18 6
Ans:
x 2 6 2
Given that
18 x 18 6
On expanding both determinants, we get
x×x x2
2 2
x x = 36
x=±6

2. Find values of k if area of triangle is 4 sq. units and vertices are

(i) (k, 0), (4, 0), (0, 2) (ii) (–2, 0), (0, 4), (0, k)
Ans:
k 0 1
1
(i) We have Area of triangle = 4 0 1 4
2
0 2 1
| k(0
k(0
On taking positive sign k+8=8
k=0
k=0
On taking negative sign k+8=
k=
k=8
k =0, 8
2 0 1
1
(ii) We have Area of triangle = 0 4 1 4
2
0 k 1
| k) + 1(0
k) + 1(0
[ k] = ± 8
On taking positive sign, 2k 2k = 16 k=8
On taking negative sign, 2k 2k = 0 k = 0
k =0, 8
3. If area of triangle is 35 sq units with vertices (2, – 6), (5, 4) and (k, 4). Then find the value of k.
Ans:
2 6 1
1
We have Area of triangle = 5 4 1 35
2
k 4 1
|2 (4 k) + 1(20 k)| = 70
2 (4 k) + 1(20 k) = ± 70
30 k + 20 k = ± 70
On taking positive sign, k + 50 = 70
Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 60 -
 k = 20 k=
On taking negative sign, k + 50 =
k= k = 12
k = 12,
5 3 8
4. Using Cofactors of elements of second row, evaluate 2 0 1
1 2 3
Ans:
5 3 8
Given that 2 0 1
1 2 3
Cofactors of the elements of second row
3 8
A21 ( 1) 2 1 (9 16) 7
2 3
5 8
A22 ( 1) 2 2
(15 8) 7
1 3
5 3
and A23 ( 1)2 3
(10 3) 7
1 2
Now,
a21 A21 a22 A22 a23 A23
= 2 × 7 + 0 × 7 + 1(

3 1
5. If A = , show that A2 – 5A + 7I = O. Hence find A–1.
1 2
Ans:
3 1
Given that A =
1 2
Now, A2 – 5A + 7I = O
3 1 3 1 9 2 3 2 8 5
A2 A. A
1 2 1 2 3 2 1 4 5 3
8 5 3 1 1 0
5 7
5 3 1 2 0 1
8 5 15 5 7 0
5 3 5 10 0 7
8 15 7 5 5 0 0 0
O
5 5 0 3 10 3 0 0
A2 – 5A + 7I = O
3 1
| A| 6 1 7 0
1 2
A exists.
Now, A.A A= I
Multiplying by A on both sides, we get
A.A (A ) – 5A(A ) = I(A )
AI I = –7A (using AA = I and IA = A )

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 61 -

 1 1 1 1 5 0 3 1
A ( A 5I ) 5I A
7 7 7 0 5 1 2
1 2 1
7 1 3
1 1 2 1
A
7 1 3
3 1
6. For the matrix A = , find the numbers a and b such that A2 + aA + bI = O.
1 2
Ans:
3 1
Given that A =
1 2
3 2 3 2 9 2 6 2 11 8
A2 A. A
1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 4 3
2
Now, A aA bI O
11 8 3 2 1 0
a b O
4 3 1 1 0 1
11 8 3a 2a b 0
O
4 3 a a 0 b
11 3a b 8 2a 0 0
4 a 3 a b 0 0
If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are equal.
11 + 3a + b = 0 …(i)
8 + 2a = 0 …(ii)
4 + a = 0 …(iii)
and 3 + a + b = 0 …(iv)
Solving Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get 4 + a = 0
a=
and 3 + a + b = 0
3 b=0 b=1
Thus, a = b=1

1 1 1
7. For the matrix A = 1 2 3 , Show that A3– 6A2 + 5A + 11 I = O. Hence, find A–1.
2 1 3
Ans:
1 1 1
Given that A = 1 2 3
2 1 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 3 4 2 1
2
A A. A 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 6 1 4 3 1 6 9 3 8 14
2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 6 2 2 3 2 3 9 7 3 14
4 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 4 4 1 4 6 3
and A3 A2 . A 3 8 14 1 2 3 3 8 28 3 16 14 3 24 42
7 3 14 2 1 3 7 3 28 7 6 14 7 9 42

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 62 -

 8 7 1
23 27 69
32 13 58
3 2
A 6A 5 A 11I
8 7 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
23 27 69 6 3 8 14 5 1 2 3 11 0 1 0
32 13 58 7 3 14 2 1 3 0 0 1
8 7 1 24 12 6 5 5 5 11 0 0
23 27 69 18 48 84 5 10 15 0 11 0
32 13 58 42 18 84 10 5 15 0 0 11
8 24 5 11 7 12 5 0 1 6 5 0
23 18 5 0 27 48 10 11 69 84 15 0
32 42 10 0 13 18 5 0 58 84 15 11
0 0 0
0 0 0 O
0 0 0
1 1 1
| A| 1 2 3 1(6 3) 1(3 6) 1( 1 4) 3 9 5 11 0
2 1 3
A 1 exist
Now, A3 6 A2 5 A 11I O
AA( AA 1 ) 6 A( AA 1 ) 5( AA 1 ) 11( IA 1 ) O
AAI 6 AI 5 I 11A 1 O
A2 6 A 5 I 11A 1
1 2
A1 ( A 6 A 5I )
11
1
A1 ( A2 6 A 5I )
11
4 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
1 1
A 3 8 14 6 1 2 3 5 0 1 0
11
7 3 14 2 1 3 0 0 1
4 2 1 6 6 6 5 0 0
1 1
A 3 8 14 6 12 18 0 5 0
11
7 3 14 12 6 18 0 0 5
4 6 5 2 6 0 1 6 0
1 1
A 3 6 0 8 12 5 14 18 0
11
7 12 0 3 6 0 14 18 5
3 4 5
1 1
A 9 1 4
11
5 3 1

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 63 -

8. Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method,
2x + y + z = 1
3
x – 2y – z =
2
3y – 5z = 9
Ans:
The given system can be written as AX = B, where
2 1 1 x 1
A 2 4 2 ,X y and B 3
0 3 5 z 9
2 1 1
| A| 2 4 2 2(20 6) 1( 10 0) 1(6 0)
0 3 5
= 52 + 10 + 6 = 68
Thus, A is non-singular, Therefore, its inverse exists.
Therefore, the given system is consistent and has a unique solution given by X = A B.
Cofactors of A are
A11 = 20 + 6 = 26,
A12 =
A13 = 6 + 0 = 6
A21 =
A22 =
A23 =
A31 = (
A32 =
A33 =
T
26 10 6 26 8 2
adj ( A) 8 10 6 10 10 6
2 6 10 6 6 10
26 8 2
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 10 10 6
| A| 68
6 6 10
x 26 8 2 1
1 1
Now, X A B y 10 10 6 3
68
z 6 6 10 9

1
x 26 24 18 68
1 1 1
y 10 30 54 34
68 68 2
z 6 18 90 102
3
2
1 3
Hence, x 1, y and z
2 2

9. Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method,

x–y+z=4
2x + y – 3z = 0

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 64 -

 x+y+z=2
Ans:
The given system can be written as AX = B, where
1 1 1 x 4
A 2 1 3 ,X y and B 0
1 1 1 z 2
1 1 1
Here,| A | 2 1 3 = 1(1 + 3) 1(2
1 1 1
Thus, A is non-singular, Therefore, its inverse exists.
Therefore, the given system is consistent and has a unique solution given by X = A B.
Cofactors of A are
A11 = 1 + 3 = 4,
A12 =
A13 = 2
A21 =
A22 = 1
A23 =
A31 = 3
A32 =
A33 = 1 + 2 = 3
T
4 5 1 4 2 2
adj ( A) 2 0 2 5 0 5
2 5 3 1 2 3
4 2 2
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 5 0 5
| A| 10
1 2 3
x 4 2 2 4
1 1
Now, X A B y 5 0 5 0
10
z 1 2 3 2
x 16 0 4 20 2
1 1
y 20 0 10 10 1
10 10
z 4 0 6 10 1
Hence, x = 2, y = and z = 1.

10. Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method,

2x + 3y +3 z = 5
x – 2y + z = – 4
3x – y – 2z = 3
Ans:
The given system can be written as AX = B, where
2 3 3 x 5
A 1 2 1 ,X y and B 4
3 1 2 z 3

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 65 -

 2 3 3
Here,| A | 1 2 1 = 2(4 + 1) 3(
3 1 2
= 10 + 15 + 15 = 40
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists. Therefore, the given system is consistent
and has a unique solution given by X = A B
Cofactors of A are
A11 = 4 + 1 = 5,
A12 =
A13 = ( = 5,
A21 =
A22 = (
A23 =
A31 = 3 + 6 = 9,
A32 =
A33 =
T
5 5 5 5 3 9
adj ( A) 3 13 11 5 13 1
9 1 7 5 11 7
5 3 9
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 5 13 1
| A| 40
5 11 7
x 5 3 9 5
1 1
Now, X A B y 5 13 1 4
40
z 5 11 7 3
x 25 12 27 40 1
1 1
y 25 52 3 80 2
40 40
z 25 44 21 40 1
Hence, x = 1, y = 2 and z =

11. Solve system of linear equations, using matrix method,

x – y + 2z = 7
3x + 4y – 5z = – 5
2x – y + 3z = 12
Ans:
The given system can be written as AX = B, where
1 1 2 x 7
A 3 4 5 ,X y and B 5
2 1 3 z 12
1 1 2
Here,| A | 3 4 5 = 1(12 5)
2 1 3
= 7 + 19
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Therefore, the given system is consistent and has a unique solution given by X = A B
Cofactors of A are
A11 = 12
Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 66 -
 A12 =
A13 =
A21 =
A22 = 3
A23 =
A31 = 5
A32 =
A33 = 4 + 3 = 7
T
7 19 11 7 1 3
adj ( A) 1 1 1 19 1 11
3 11 7 11 1 7
7 1 3
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 19 1 11
| A| 4
11 1 7
x 7 1 3 5
1 1
Now, X A B y 19 1 11 4
4
z 11 1 7 3
x 49 5 36 8 2
1 1
y 133 5 132 4 1
4 4
z 77 5 84 12 3
Hence, x = 2, y = 1 and z = 3.
2 3 5
12. If A = 3 2 4 find A–1. Using A–1,Solve system of linear equations:
1 1 2
2x – 3y + 5z = 11
3x + 2y – 4z = – 5
x + y – 2z = – 3
Ans:
The given system can be written as AX = B, where
2 3 5 x 11
A 3 2 4 ,X y and B 5
1 1 2 z 3
2 3 5
Here,| A | 3 2 4 =2(
1 1 2
=0
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Therefore, the given system is consistent and has a unique solution given by X = A B
Cofactors of A are
A11 =
A12 = 6 + 4) = 2,
A13 = 3
A21 =
A22 =
A23 =
A31 = (12
A32 =
Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 67 -
 A33 = 4 + 9 = 13
T
0 2 1 0 1 2
adj ( A) 1 9 5 2 9 23
2 23 13 1 5 13
0 1 2 0 1 2
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 2 9 23 2 9 23
| A| 1
1 5 13 1 5 13
x 0 1 2 11
1
Now, X A B y 2 9 23 5
z 1 5 13 3
x 0 5 6 1
y 22 45 69 2
z 11 25 39 3
Hence, x = 1, y = 2 and z = 3.

13. The cost of 4 kg onion, 3 kg wheat and 2 kg rice is Rs 60. The cost of 2 kg onion, 4 kg wheat
and 6 kg rice is Rs 90. The cost of 6 kg onion 2 kg wheat and 3 kg rice is Rs 70. Find cost of
each item per kg by matrix method.
Ans:
Let the prices (per kg) of onion, wheat and rice be Rs. x, Rs. y and Rs. z, respectively then
4x + 3y + 2z = 60, 2x + 4y + 6z = 90, 6x + 2y + 3z = 70
This system of equations can be written as AX = B, where
4 3 2 x 60
A 2 4 6 ,X y and B 90
6 2 3 z 70
4 3 2
Here,| A | 2 4 6 = 4(12
6 2 3
= 0 + 90
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists. Therefore, the given system is consistent and
has a unique solution given by X = A B
Cofactors of A are,
A11 = 12
A12 =
A13 = 4
A21 =
A22 = 12
A23 =
A31 = (18
A32 =
A33 = 16
T
0 30 20 0 5 10
adj ( A) 5 0 10 30 0 20
10 20 10 20 10 10

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 68 -

 0 5 10
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 30 0 20
| A| 50
20 10 10
x 0 5 10 60
1 1
Now, X A B y 30 0 20 90
50
z 20 10 10 70
x 0 450 700 250 5
1 1
y 1800 0 1400 400 8
50 50
z 1200 900 700 400 8
x = 5, y = 8 and z = 8.
Hence, price of onion per kg is Rs. 5, price of wheat per kg is Rs. 8 and that of rice per kg is Rs. 8.

14. Solve the system of equations:

2 3 10
4
x y z
4 6 5
1
x y z
6 9 20
2
x y z
Ans:
1 1 1
Let p, q and r , then the given equations become
x y z
2p + 3q + 10r = 4, 4p q + 5r = 1, 6p + 9q r=2
This system can be written as AX = B, where
2 3 10 p 4
A 4 6 5 ,X q and B 1
6 9 20 r 2
2 3 10
Here,| A | 4 6 5 2(120 45) 3( 80 30) 10(36 36)
6 9 20
= 150 + 330 + 720 = 1200
Thus, A is non-singular. Therefore, its inverse exists.
Therefore, the above system is consistent and has a unique solution given by X = A B
Cofactors of A are
A11 = 120
A12 = ,
A13 = (36 + 36) = 72,
A21 =
A22 = (
A23 =
A31 = 15 + 60 = 75,
A32 =
A33 =
T
75 110 72 75 150 75
adj ( A) 150 100 0 110 100 30
75 30 24 72 0 24

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 69 -

 75 150 75
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 110 100 30
| A| 1200
72 0 24
x 75 150 75 4
1 1
X A B y 110 100 30 1
1200
z 72 0 24 2
1
x 300 150 150 600 2
1 1 1
y 440 100 60 400
1200 1200 3
z 288 0 48 240
1
5
1 1 1
p ,q ,r
2 3 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
, ,
x 2 y 3 z 5
x = 2, y = 3 and z = 5.

2 3
15. Show that the matrix A satisfies the equation A2 – 4A + I = O, where I is 2 × 2
1 2
identity matrix and O is 2 × 2 zero matrix. Using this equation, find A–1.
Ans:
2 3
Given that A
1 2
2 3 2 3 7 12
A2 AA
1 2 1 2 4 7
7 12 2 3 1 0
Hence, A2 4 A I 4
4 7 1 2 0 1
7 12 8 12 1 0 7 8 1 12 12 0 0 0
O
4 7 4 8 0 1 4 4 0 7 8 1 0 0
Now, A2 4 A I O
AA 4 A I
AA( A 1 ) 4 AA 1 IA 1
(Post multiplying by A–1 because |A|
A( AA 1 ) 4 I A 1

1
AI 4I A
1 1 0 2 3 4 2 0 3 2 3
A 4I A 4
0 1 1 2 0 1 4 2 1 2
1 2 3
A
1 2
16. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method.
3x – 2y + 3z = 8
2x + y – z = 1
4x – 3y + 2z = 4
Ans:
The system of equation can be written as AX = B, where
Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 70 -
 3 2 3 x 8
A 2 1 1 ,X y and B 1
4 3 2 z 4
3 2 3
Here,| A | 2 1 1
4 3 2
= 3 (2 – 3) + 2(4 + 4) + 3 (– 6 – 4) = – 17
Hence, A is nonsingular and so its inverse exists. Now
A11 = –1, A12 = – 8, A13 = –10
A21 = –5, A22 = – 6, A23 = 1
A31 = –1, A32 = 9, A33 = 7
T
1 8 10 1 5 1
adj ( A) 5 6 1 8 6 9
1 9 7 10 1 7
1 5 1
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 8 6 9
| A| 17
10 1 7
x 1 5 1 8
1 1
X A B y 8 6 9 1
17
z 10 1 7 4
x 17 1
1
y 34 2
17
z 51 3
Hence x = 1, y = 2 and z = 3.

1 1 2 2 0 1
17. Use product 0 2 3 9 2 3 to solve the system of equations
3 2 4 6 1 2
x – y + 2z = 1
2y – 3z = 1
3x – 2y + 4z = 2
Ans:
1 1 2 2 0 1
Consider the product 0 2 3 9 2 3
3 2 4 6 1 2
2 9 12 0 2 2 1 3 4 1 0 0
0 18 18 0 4 3 0 6 6 0 1 0
6 18 24 0 4 4 3 6 8 0 0 1
1
1 1 2 2 0 1
Hence, 0 2 3 9 2 3
3 2 4 6 1 2
Now, given system of equations can be written, in matrix form, as follows

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 71 -

 1 1 2 x 1
0 2 3 y 1
3 2 4 z 2
1
x 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 1
y 0 2 3 1 9 2 3 1
z 3 2 4 2 6 1 2 2
2 0 2 0
9 2 6 5
6 1 4 3
Hence x = 0, y = 5 and z = 3

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 72 -

CHAPTER – 3: DETERMINANTS
MARKS WEIGHTAGE – 05 marks

Previous Years Board Exam (Important Questions & Answers)

1. Let A be a square matrix of order 3 × 3. Write the value of |2A|, where |A| = 4.
Ans:
Since |2A| = 2n|A| where n is order of matrix A.
Here |A| = 4 and n = 3
|2A| = 23 ×4 = 32

102 18 36
2. Write the value of the following determinant: 1 3 4
17 3 6
Ans:
102 18 36
Given that 1 3 4
17 3 6
Applying R1 R1 – 6R3
0 0 0
1 3 4 0 (Since R1 is zero)
17 3 6
3. If A is a square matrix and |A| = 2, then write the value of | AA'| , where A' is the transpose of
matrix A.
Ans:
|AA|' = |A|. |A'| = |A|. |A|= |A|2 = 2 x 2 = 4.
[since, | AB|=|A|.|B| and| A|=| A'|, where A and B are square matrices.]

4. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix, |A| 0 and |3A| = k |A|, then write the value of k.

Ans:
Here, |3A| = k|A|
33|A| = k|A| [ |kA| = kn|A| where n is order of A]
27 |A| = k|A|
k = 27

a ib c id
5. Evaluate:
c id a ib
Ans:
a ib c id
(a ib)(a ib) (c id )( c id )
c id a ib
(a ib)(a ib) (c id )(c id )
a 2 i 2b 2 c 2 i 2 d 2
a2 b2 c 2 d 2

x 2 3
6. If 3 , find the value of x.
x 5 4
Ans:
Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 73 -
 x 2 3
Given that 3
x 5 4
4x + 8 – 3x – 15 = 3
x–7=3
x = 10

5 3 8
7. If = 2 0 1 , write the minor of the element a23.
1 2 3
Ans:
5 3
Minor of a23 = = 10 – 3 = 7.
1 2
cos150 sin150
8. Evaluate:
sin 750 cos 750
Ans:
Expanding the determinant, we get
cos 15° . cos 75° - sin 15° . sin 75°
= cos (15° + 75° ) = cos 90° = 0
[since cos (A + B) = cos A. cos B – sinA . sin B]
2 3 4
9. Write the value of the determinant 5 6 8
6 x 9 x 12 x
Ans:
2 3 4
Given determinant |A|= 5 6 8
6 x 9 x 12 x
2 3 4
3x 5 6 8 = 0 ( R1 = R3)
2 3 4

10. Two schools P and Q want to award their selected students on the values of Tolerance,
Kindness and Leadership. The school P wants to award Rs. x each, Rs. y each and Rs. z each
for the three respective values to 3, 2 and 1 students respectively with a total award money of
Rs. 2,200. School Q wants to spend Rs. 3,100 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the respective
values (by giving the same award money to the three values as school P). If the total amount of
award for one prize on each value is Rs. 1,200, using matrices, find the award money for each
value. Apart from these three values, suggest one more value that should be considered for
award.
Ans:
According to question,
3x + 2y + z = 2200
4x + y + 3z = 3100
x + y + z = 1200
The above system of equation may be written in matrix form as AX = B

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 74 -

 3 2 1 x 2200
A 4 1 3 ,X y and B 3100
1 1 1 z 1200
3 2 1
Here,| A | 4 1 3 3(1 3) 2(4 3) 1(4 1) 6 2 3 5 0
1 1 1
–1
A exists.
Now, A11 = (1 – 3) = –2,
A12 = – (4 – 3) = –1,
A13 = (4 – 1) = 3,
A21 = – (2 – 1) = –1,
A22 = (3 – 1) = 2,
A23 = – (3 – 2) = –1
A31 = (6 – 1) = 5,
A32 = – (9 – 4) = –5,
A33 = (3 – 8) = –5
T
2 1 3 2 1 5
adj ( A) 1 2 1 1 2 5
5 5 5 3 1 5
2 1 5 2 1 5
1 1 1 1
A ( adjA) 1 2 5 1 2 5
| A| 5 5
3 1 5 3 1 5
x 2 1 5 2200
1 1
Now, X A B y 1 2 5 3100
5
z 3 1 5 1200
x 4400 3100 6000 1500 300
1 1
y 2200 6200 6000 2000 400
5 5
z 6600 3100 6000 2500 500
x = 300, y = 400, z = 500
i.e., Rs. 300 for tolerance, Rs. 400 for kindness and Rs. 500 for leadership are awarded.
One more value like punctuality, honesty etc may be awarded.

11. 10 students were selected from a school on the basis of values for giving awards and were
divided into three groups. The first group comprises hard workers, the second group has
honest and law abiding students and the third group contains vigilant and obedient students.
Double the number of students of the first group added to the number in the second group
gives 13, while the combined strength of first and second group is four times that of the third
group. Using matrix method, find the number of students in each group. Apart from the
values, hard work, honesty and respect for law, vigilance and obedience, suggest one more
value, which in your opinion, the school should consider for awards.
Ans:
Let no. of students in Ist, 2nd and 3rd group to x, y, z respectively.
From the statement we have
x + y+ z = 10
2x + y =13
x + y – 4z = 0
The above system of linear equations may be written in matrix form as AX = B where

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 75 -

 1 1 1 x 10
A 2 1 0 ,X y and B 13
1 1 4 z 0
1 1 1
Here,| A | 2 1 0 1( 4 0) 1( 8 0) 1(2 1) 4 8 1 5 0
1 1 4
–1
A exists.
Now, A11 = – 4 – 0 = –4
A12 = – (–8 – 0) = 8
A13 = 2 – 1 = 1
A21 = –(–4 – 1) = 5
A22 = –4 – 1 = –5
A23 = –(1 – 1) = 0
A31 = 0 – 1 = –1
A32 = –(0 – 2) = 2
A33 = 1 – 2 = –1
T
4 8 1 4 5 1
adj ( A) 5 5 0 8 5 2
1 2 1 1 0 1
4 5 1
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 8 5 2
| A| 5
1 0 1
x 4 5 1 10
1 1
Now, X A B y 8 5 2 13
5
z 1 0 1 0
x 40 65 25 5
1 1
y 80 65 15 3
5 5
z 10 10 2
x = 5, y = 3, z = 2

12. The management committee of a residential colony decided to award some of its members (say
x) for honesty, some (say y) for helping others and some others (say z) for supervising the
workers to keep the colony neat and clean. The sum of all the awardees is 12. Three times the
sum of awardees for cooperation and supervision added to two times the number of awardees
for honesty is 33. If the sum of the number of awardees for honesty and supervision is twice the
number of awardees for helping others, using matrix method, find the number of awardees of
each category. Apart from these values, namely, honesty, cooperation and supervision, suggest
one more value which the management of the colony must include for awards.
Ans:
According to question
x + y + z = 12
2x + 3y + 3z = 33
x – 2y + z = 0
The above system of linear equation can be written in matrix form as AX = B where
1 1 1 x 12
A 2 3 3 ,X y and B 33
1 2 1 z 0
Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 76 -
 1 1 1
Here,| A | 2 3 3
1 2 1
= 1 (3 + 6) –1 (2–3) + 1 (– 4 –3) = 9 + 1 – 7 = 3
A–1 exists.
A11 = 9, A12 = 1, A13 = –7
A21 = –3, A22 = 0, A23 = 3
A31 = 0, A32 = –1, A33 = 1
T
9 1 7 9 3 0
adj ( A) 3 0 3 1 0 1
0 1 1 7 3 1
9 3 0
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 1 0 1
| A| 3
7 3 1
x 9 3 0 12
1 1
Now, X A B y 1 0 1 33
3
z 7 3 1 0
x 108 99 9 3
1 1
y 12 0 0 12 4
3 3
z 84 99 15 5
x = 3, y = 4, z = 5
No. of awards for honesty = 3
No. of awards for helping others = 4
No. of awards for supervising = 5.
The persons, who work in the field of health and hygiene should also be awarded.

13. A school wants to award its students for the values of Honesty, Regularity and Hard work with
a total cash award of Rs. 6,000. Three times the award money for Hardwork added to that
given for honesty amounts to ` 11,000. The award money given for Honesty and Hardwork
together is double the one given for Regularity. Represent the above situation algebraically
and find the award money for each value, using matrix method. Apart from these values,
namely, Honesty, Regularity and Hardwork, suggest one more value which the school must
include for awards.
Ans:
Let x, y and z be the awarded money for honesty, Regularity and hardwork.
From the statement
x + y +z = 6000 …(i)
x + 3z =11000 …(ii)
x +z = 2y x – 2y +z = 0 …(iii)
The above system of three equations may be written in matrix form as AX = B, where
1 1 1 x 6000
A 1 0 3 ,X y and B 11000
0 2 1 z 0
1 1 1
Here,| A | 1 0 3 1(0 6) 1(1 3) 1( 2 0) 6 2 2 6 0
0 2 1

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 77 -

 Hence A–1 exist
If Aij is co-factor of aij then
A11 = 0 + 6 = 6
A12 = – (1 – 3) = 2 ;
A13 = (–2 – 0) = –2
A21 = –(1 + 2) = –3
A22 = 0
A23 = (–2 – 1) = –3
A31 = 3 – 0 = 3
A32 = – (3 – 1) = – 2 ;
A33 = 0 – 1 = – 1
T
6 2 2 6 3 3
adj ( A) 3 0 3 2 0 2
3 2 1 2 3 1
6 3 3
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 2 0 2
| A| 6
2 3 1
x 6 3 3 6000
1 1
Now, X A B y 2 0 2 11000
6
z 2 3 1 0
x 36000 33000 0 3000 500
1 1
y 12000 0 0 12000 2000
6 6
z 12000 33000 0 21000 3500
x =500, y = 2000, z = 3500
Except above three values, school must include discipline for award as discipline has great
importance in student’s life.

x 1 x 1 4 1
14. If , then write the value of x.
x 3 x 2 1 3
Ans:
x 1 x 1 4 1
Given that
x 3 x 2 1 3
(x +1) (x + 2) – (x – 1)(x – 3) =12 +1
x2 + 2x + x + 2 – x2 + 3x + x – 3 =13
7x – 1 =13
7x =14
x=2

15. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:

x – y + z = 4; 2x + y – 3z = 0; x + y + z = 2
Ans:
Given equations
x–y+z=4
2x + y – 3z = 0
x+y+z=2
We can write this system of equations as AX = B where

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 78 -

 1 1 1 x 4
A 2 1 3 ,X y and B 0
1 1 1 z 2
1 1 1
Here,| A | 2 1 3
1 1 1
= 1 (1 + 3) - (- 1) (2 + 3) + 1 (2 - 1) = 4 + 5 + 1 = 10
A–1 exists.
A11 = 4, A12 = –5, A13 = 1
A21 = 2, A22 = 0, A23 = –2
A31 = 2, A32 = 5, A33 = 3
T
4 5 1 4 2 2
adj ( A) 2 0 2 5 0 5
2 5 3 1 2 3
4 2 2
1 1 1
A ( adjA) 5 0 5
| A| 10
1 2 3
x 4 2 2 4
1 1
Now, X A B y 5 0 5 0
10
z 1 2 3 2
x 16 0 4 20 2
1 1
y 20 0 10 10 1
10 10
z 4 0 6 10 1
The required solution is
x = 2, y = - 1, z = 1
3 1 1 1 2 2
–1
16. If A = 15 6 5 and B = 1 3 0 , find (AB)–1.
5 2 2 0 2 1
Ans:
For B–1
1 2 2
| B | 1 3 0 = 1(3 – 0) – 2(–1 – 0) – 2(2 – 0 ) = 3 + 2 – 4 = 1 0
0 2 1
i.e., B is invertible matrix
B–1 exist.
A11 = 3, A12 = 1, A13 = 2
A21 = 2, A22 = 1, A23 = 2
A31 = 6, A32 = 2, A33 = 5
T
3 1 2 3 2 6
adj ( B) 2 1 2 1 1 2
6 2 5 2 2 5

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 79 -

 3 2 6 3 2 6
11 1
B (adjB ) 1 1 2 1 1 2
|B| 1
2 2 5 2 2 5
–1 –1 –1
Now (AB) = B . A
3 2 6 3 1 1
1 1 2 15 6 5
2 2 5 5 2 2
9 30 30 3 12 12 3 10 12
3 15 10 1 6 4 1 5 4
6 30 25 2 12 10 2 10 10
9 3 5
2 1 0
1 0 2

2 3 5
17. If A = 3 2 4 ,find A-1. How we can use A-1 to find x, y, z for the following system of
1 1 2
equations: 2x +y
Ans: Given system of equations
2x
3x + 2y
x+y
2 3 5 x 11
This can be written as AX = B where A 3 2 4 ,X y ,B 5
1 1 2 z 3
Here, | A | 2( 4 4) 3( 6 4) 5(3 2) |A| 6 5 1
Since, A
1
Hence, the system of equations is consistent and has a unique solution given by
adjA
A1 and adjA = CT
| A|
2 4
C11 ( 1)1 1 C11 4 4 0
1 2
3 4
C12 ( 1)1 2 C12 ( 6 4) 2
1 2
3 2
C13 ( 1)1 3
C13 3 2 1
1 1
3 5
C21 ( 1)2 1 C 21 (6 5) 1
1 2
2 5
C22 ( 1)2 2 C 22 4 5 9
1 2
2 3
C23 ( 1)2 3 C23 (2 3) 5
1 1

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 80 -

 3 5
C31 ( 1)3 1
C31 12 10 2
2 4
2 5
C32 ( 1)3 2
C32 ( 8 15) 23
3 4
2 3
C33 ( 1)3 3
C33 4 9 13
3 2
0 2 1 0 1 2
T
Hence, the co-factor matrix is C 1 9 5 adjA C 2 9 23
2 23 13 1 5 13
0 1 2 0 1 2
1 adjA 1 1
A 2 9 23 A 2 9 23
|A| 1
1 5 13 1 5 13
x 0 1 2 11
Solution is given by y 2 9 23 5
z 1 5 13 3
x 5 6 x 8 x 1
1
y 22 45 69 y 4 y 46
4
z 11 25 39 z 12 z 25
Hence, x = 46,z =

1 1 0 2 2 4
18. Given A = 2 3 4 and B = 4 2 4 , verify that BA = 6I, how can we use the result
0 1 2 2 1 5
to find the values of x, y, z from given equations x – y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17, y + 2z = 17
1 1 0 2 2 4
Ans: We have A = 2 3 4 and B = 4 2 4
0 1 2 2 1 5
1 1 0 2 2 4 2 4 0 2 2 0 4 4 0
Now, AB 2 3 4 4 2 4 4 12 8 4 6 4 8 12 20
0 1 2 2 1 5 0 4 4 0 2 2 0 4 10
6 0 0 1 0 0
0 6 0 6 0 1 0
0 0 6 0 0 1
1 1
AB
6
2 2 4
1 1
A 4 2 4
6
2 1 5
The given system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as AX = B, where
1 1 0 x 3
A 2 3 4 ,X y , B 17
0 1 2 z 7
Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 81 -
 1

2 2 4 3 2 3 2 17 4 7
1 1
X 4 2 4 17 X 4 3 2 17 4 7
6 6
2 1 5 7 2 3 1 17 5 7
x 2
y 1 x 2, y 1, z 4
z 4

1 2 3
19. If A = 3 2 2 , then find A–1 and use it to solve the following system of the equations :
2 1 1
x + 2y – 3z = 6, 3x + 2y – 2z = 3, 2x – y + z = 2
Ans:

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 82 -