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Data Flow Diagrams(DFD)

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Shubham Nagpal
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7 views

Data Flow Diagrams(DFD)

Uploaded by

Shubham Nagpal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Flow Diagrams

1
What is a Data Flow Diagram?

• A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation


of the movement of data between external entities,
processes and data stores within a system.

• Simply put, DFD’s show how data moves through an


information system.

2
Symbols and Notations Used in DFDs

• Two common systems of symbols are named after their


creators:
– Yourdon and Coad
– Yourdon and DeMarco
– Gane and Sarson

• One main difference in their symbols is that Yourdon-Coad


and Yourdon-DeMarco use circles for processes, while Gane
and Sarson use rectangles with rounded corners,

3
Symbols and Notations Used in DFDs

• External entity: an outside system that sends or receives


data, communicating with the system being diagrammed.
They are the sources and destinations of information
entering or leaving the system
• Process: any process that changes the data, producing an
output. It might perform computations, or sort data based
on logic, or direct the data flow based on business rules. A
short label is used to describe the process, such as “Submit
payment.”

4
Symbols and Notations Used in DFDs

• Data store: files or repositories that hold information for


later use, such as a database table or a membership form.
Each data store receives a simple label, such as “Orders.”

• Data flow: the route that data takes between the external
entities, processes and data stores. It portrays the interface
between the other components and is shown with arrows,
typically labeled with a short data name, like “Billing
details.”

5
Symbols and Notations Used in DFDs

6
DFD rules

• Each process should have at least one input and an output.


• Each data store should have at least one data flow in and
one data flow out.
• Data stored in a system must go through a process.
• All processes in a DFD go to another process or a data store.

7
DFD levels and layers
• A data flow diagram can be represented into progressively
more detail by using levels and layers, zeroing in on a
particular piece.
• DFD levels are numbered 0, 1 or 2, and occasionally go to
even Level 3 or beyond.
• The necessary level of detail depends on the scope of what
you are trying to accomplish.

8
DFD Level 0-Context Diagram.
• basic overview of the whole system or process being
analyzed or modeled.
• It’s designed to be an at-a-glance view, showing the
system as a single high-level process, with its relationship
to external entities.
• Its used by a wide audience, including stakeholders,
business analysts, data analysts and developers to
understand the system.

9
DFD Level 1
• It provides a more detailed breakout of pieces of the
Context Level Diagram.

• It highlights the main functions carried out by the system,


as we break down the high-level process of the Context
Diagram into its subprocesses

10
DFD Level 1

11
DFD Level 2

• It goes one step deeper into parts of Level 1.


• It may require more text to reach the necessary level of
detail about the system’s functioning.

12
DFD Level 2

13
Example"Food Ordering System"
It also shows the participants who will interact with the system,
called the external entities. ( the Supplier, Kitchen, Manager,
and Customer)
• In between the process and the external entities, there is
data flow (connectors) that indicate the existence of
information exchange between the entities and the system.

14
Level 1 DFD

15

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