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Lecture 4 & 5 Personality and Personality Disorders 2024 2025 1

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42 views14 pages

Lecture 4 & 5 Personality and Personality Disorders 2024 2025 1

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salma.ahmed24071970
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LECTURE 4.

Personality Disorders
Intended Learning Outcomes:
by the end of lecture, you should be able to Know

(1) • Personality Concept

• Personality Factors
(2) that Lead to Healthy
Behaviors

Prof. El-Nabgha Fathy

(3) • Personality Disorders


Personality definition:
Combination of characteristics that
comprise the unique nature of a person
as that person reacts and interacts with
others.

Figure 1 personality traits shaping


Defining Some Terms

• Character: Personal characteristics


that have been judged or evaluated
• Temperament: Hereditary aspects
of personality, including sensitivity,
moods, irritability, and adaptability
• Personality Trait: Stable qualities
that a person shows in most
situations
• Personality Type: People who have
several traits in common
Personality factors relate to health by
five main links:

• Personality may influence stress perception.

• Personality may affect coping mechanism


options and effectiveness.

• Personality may influence the amount of


social support and social relationships.

• Personality may affect individual’s health


habits, preventing steps to modify behavior,
and adherence to medical regimes.

• Personality may shape personal accounts of


symptoms and pain and the expression of
such symptoms to others (i.e. friends, family,
medical professionals).
FIGURE 2 Personality types are defined by the presence of several specific traits. For example,
several possible personality traits are shown in the left column. A person who has a Type A
personality typically possesses all or most of the highlighted traits. Type A persons are especially
prone to heart disease.
Social/Cognitive
Perspective

• Proposed that each person has a


unique personality because of
our personal histories and
interpretations shape our
personalities
▲Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive
approach focuses on self-efficacy
and reciprocal determinism.
▲Julian Rotter’s locus of control
theory emphasizes a person’s
internal or external focus as a
major determinant of personality.
Locus of Control
(Rotter) Internal locus of control
• Life outcomes are under
personal control
• Positively correlated with self-
esteem
• Internals use more problem-
focused coping
External locus of control
• Luck, chance, and powerful
others control behavior
• Projective Test - elicits an
individual’s response to abstract
How is
stimuli Personality
• Behavioral Measures - Measured?
personality assessments that
involve observing an individual’s
behavior in a controlled situation
• Self-Report Questionnaire -
assessment involving an
individual’s responses to
questions
Assessing the Unconscious-TAT
Thematic
Apperception Test
(TAT)
• people express
their inner motives
through the stories
they make up
about ambiguous
scenes
DSM-IV-TR Personality Disorders
Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric
• Paranoid Personality Disorder
• Schizoid Personality Disorder
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic


• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Histrionic Personality Disorder
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful


• Avoidant Personality Disorder
• Dependent Personality Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric

• Paranoid PD – is a pattern of distrust and


suspiciousness such that others’ motives are
interpreted as malevolent
• Schizoid PD – is a pattern of detachment from social
relationships and restricted range of emotional
expression
• Schizotypal PD – is a pattern of acute discomfort in
close relationships, cognitive or perceptual
distortions, and eccentricities of behavior
Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic

• Antisocial PD – is a pattern of disregard for, and


violation of, the rights of others
• Borderline PD – is a pattern of instability in
interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects,
and marked impulsivity
• Histrionic PD – is a pattern of excessive
emotionality and attention seeking
• Narcissistic PD – is a pattern of grandiosity, need for
admiration, and lack of empathy
Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful

• Avoidant PD – is a pattern of social inhibition,


feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to
negative evaluation
• Dependent PD – is a pattern of submissive and
clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be
taken care of
• Obsessive-Compulsive PD – is a pattern of
preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and
control at the expense of flexibility

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