Dynamically Allocate 2D Matrix

in c create a 2d matrix dynamically

To create a 2D matrix dynamically in C, you can use pointers and `malloc()` for dynamic memory
allocation. Here is an example of how to create a dynamically allocated 2D matrix:

Steps:

1. Allocate memory for an array of pointers (each pointer will represent a row).
2. For each row, allocate memory for the individual elements (columns).
3. Access and modify the matrix using pointer notation.

Example Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
int rows, cols;
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
printf("Enter number of columns: ");
scanf("%d", &cols);

// Dynamically allocate memory for the 2D matrix

int **matrix = (int **)malloc(rows * sizeof(int *));
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
matrix[i] = (int *)malloc(cols * sizeof(int));
}

// Input values into the matrix

printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("Element at [%d][%d]: ", i, j);
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}

// Print the matrix

printf("\nThe matrix is:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

// Free the dynamically allocated memory

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
free(matrix[i]);
}
free(matrix);
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 return 0;
}

Explanation:

1. `int **matrix = (int **)malloc(rows * sizeof(int *));` allocates memory for `rows` number of
integer pointers.
2. For each row, `matrix[i] = (int *)malloc(cols * sizeof(int));` allocates memory for `cols`
integers.
3. The matrix can then be accessed as `matrix[i][j]`.
4. After using the matrix, the memory is freed row by row using `free(matrix[i])`, and then finally
the array of row pointers is freed using `free(matrix)`.

Sample Output:

less

Enter number of rows: 2

Enter number of columns: 3
Enter the elements of the matrix:
Element at [0][0]: 1
Element at [0][1]: 2
Element at [0][2]: 3
Element at [1][0]: 4
Element at [1][1]: 5
Element at [1][2]: 6

The matrix is:

1 2 3
4 5 6

This approach allows you to create a 2D matrix of any size dynamically.

given r=sqrt(x^2+y^2), and x & y have errors dx and dy respectively, what is the formula for dr the
error in r

To find the error in r , denoted as dr , given that r = x2 + y 2 with errors dx and dy in x and y
​

respectively, we can use error propagation.

General Error Propagation Formula:

If a quantity f (x, y) depends on variables x and y , the error in f , denoted as df , is given by:

2 2
∂f ∂f
df = ( dx) + ( dy )
∂x ∂y
​ ​ ​

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 Here, f (x, y) =r= x2 + y 2 .
​

Step 1: Compute Partial Derivatives

We first compute the partial derivatives of r with respect to x and y .

1. Partial derivative with respect to x:

∂r x
=
∂x x2 + y 2
​ ​

2. Partial derivative with respect to y :

∂r y
=
∂y x2 + y 2
​ ​

Step 2: Apply the Error Propagation Formula

Now, apply the error propagation formula:

2 2
∂r ∂r
dr = ( dx) + ( dy )
∂x ∂y
​ ​ ​

Substituting the partial derivatives:

2 2

( dx) + ( dy )
x y
dr =
x2 + y 2 x2 + y 2
​ ​ ​

​ ​

Step 3: Simplify the Expression

1
Factor out :
x2 +y 2
​

1 2 2
dr = (xdx) + (ydy )
x2 + y 2
​ ​

Since r = x2 + y 2 , the final formula becomes:

​

1
dr = ​ (xdx)2 + (ydy)2 ​

Final Error Formula:

1
dr = ​ x2 (dx)2 + y 2 (dy)2 ​

r
This is the formula for the error in r based on the errors dx and dy in x and y .

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 how do i export your answers to pdf

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