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Chapter 8

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8 views2 pages

Chapter 8

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ho7fgkcml6
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HM411: Data Analytics in Hotel Industry

R PROGRAM SOFTWARE
R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R
provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques, and is highly extensible.
The S language is often the vehicle of choice for research in statistical methodology,
and R provides an Open Source route to participation in that activity.

R Programming Environment
R is an integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation
and graphical display. It includes:
 an effective data handling and storage facility,
 a suite of operators for calculations on arrays, in particular matrices,
 a large, coherent, integrated collection of intermediate tools for data analysis,
 graphical facilities for data analysis and display either on-screen or on hard-copy,
and
 a well-developed, simple and effective programming language which includes
conditionals, loops, user-defined recursive functions and input and output facilities.

R is a free and open-source software environment primarily used for statistical


computing, data analysis, and graphical representation. It is widely used among
statisticians, data scientists, and researchers for a variety of statistical tasks such as
data manipulation, modeling, and visualization.

Key Features of R Software:


1. Statistical Techniques - R supports numerous statistical methods such as:

 Descriptive statistics (mean, variance, etc.)


 Hypothesis testing (t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square, etc.)
 Regression analysis (linear, logistic, etc.)
 Time-series analysis and forecasting
 Multivariate statistics (PCA, factor analysis, etc.)
 Bayesian statistics and machine learning algorithms (random forests, support
vector machines, etc.)

2. Data Handling and Manipulation - R has powerful tools for importing, cleaning, and
transforming data.

3. Graphics and Visualization - R excels at creating high-quality plots and


visualizations, ranging from simple histograms to complex multi-panel plots.

4. Reproducible Research - R is integrated with RStudio, a widely used integrated


development environment (IDE), which facilitates the creation of reproducible research.
HM411: Data Analytics in Hotel Industry
5. Extensibility - R has a rich ecosystem of packages available through CRAN
(Comprehensive R Archive Network).

6. Interactivity - R supports interactive computing, enabling users to quickly test ideas,


experiment with data, and visualize the results in real time.

How R Helps with Statistics:


1. Comprehensive Statistical Functions - R provides a vast range of built-in functions
for statistical analysis. Whether you are conducting hypothesis testing, regression
modeling, or performing advanced multivariate analysis, R has functions that cater to
these tasks.

2. Data Analysis Pipeline - From importing raw data to transforming it into the required
format, performing analyses, and visualizing results, R supports the entire data analysis
pipeline. This is crucial for statisticians and analysts working with large or complex
datasets.

3. Statistical Modeling - R allows users to build, validate, and interpret statistical


models. You can easily fit models to data, examine model diagnostics, and predict new
outcomes based on your fitted models.

4. Flexibility and Customization - R’s scripting language allows statisticians to build


custom functions, automate repetitive tasks, and tailor analyses to specific needs,
making it an incredibly flexible tool for advanced statistical work.

5. Visualization for Insight - Statistical analysis is often complemented by


visualizations, and R excels in this area. Visualizing statistical relationships, distributions,
and model results in clear, informative ways is a key feature of R that helps in
communicating results effectively.

6. Reprehensibility and Transparency - Using R for statistical analysis ensures that


the work is reproducible. Others can verify your findings by running the same code with
the same datasets, which is crucial for transparency in scientific research and analysis.

7. Statistical Reporting - R allows for dynamic reporting and documentation of


analyses through R Markdown. You can generate reports that include code, output, and
narrative text in a single document, which makes sharing and interpreting results easier.

Please watch this short video on YouTube about R Programming for Beginners so that you will
have an idea on what R Programming software looks like and how it efficiently works.
Link: https://youtu.be/9kYUGMg_14s?si=gteA_kTx8v4MSkBA

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