Institute of Technology of Cambodia

Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering

TP3: CONDUCTION

Group: H(4)
Members: ID:
1. YIN KIMHONG e20220999
2. YIN SUTEN e20220222
3. YUK SORITHY e20221025
4. YONG REACHRAK e20221378
5. YOL HAICHHAINA e20220666

Lecturer: MORM ELEN

Academic Year: 2024-2025

Table of Contents
1. Principle: ...................................................................................................... 1

2. Objective: .................................................................................................... 1

3. Materials:..................................................................................................... 1

4. Experimental procedure: ............................................................................. 2

5. Thermal conductivity: .................................................................................. 2

6. Result and discussion: .................................................................................. 2

6.1 Determine the heat flow Q for each condition....................................... 2

6.2 Draw the graphic of heat flow in function of the time ........................... 4

6.3 Discuss the obtained results .................................................................. 4

7. Observations................................................................................................ 5
 TP3: CONDUCTION

1. Principle:
Conduction is a process of heat transfer from a high temperature region to a low temperature region
with in a body or between different bodies which are in direct physical contact. In heat conduction,
energy is transferred due to exchange of molecular kinetic energy.

2. Objective:
To study conduction process on pasteurized food products

3. Materials:

✓ Raw materials: Soy Bean

✓ Materials: thermometer, 5 glass bottle, stove, measuring jug, pan

Figure1: Soybean Milk Figure2: Thermometer Figure3: Pan & Stove

Figure4: Soybean Milk in measuring jug

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 4. Experimental procedure:

✓ Prepare Soy Milk

✓ Pour water in the pan
✓ Heat the water in the pan
✓ Using thermometer to measure the temperature in the water
✓ Put the glass bottle in the pan

5. Thermal conductivity:
Heat transfer by conduction in solids, liquids and gases is determined by the thermal conductivity and
temperature difference. The basic law of heat transfer by conduction was proposed by the French
Scientist J. B. J. Fourier in 1822 and one dimensional Conduction rate equation described by the Fourier
Law is written as:
𝑑𝑇
𝑄 = −𝐴𝐾
𝑑𝑥
Q: Heat Flow (W)

k: Thermal conductivity of the material (W/(m.K))

A: Cross-sectional area in the direction of heat flow (m2)

𝑑𝑇
: Temperature gradient (K/m)
𝑑𝑥

By supposed that the thermal conductivity of glass is equal to 0.8 W/(m.K) at room temperature.

6. Result and discussion:

6.1 Determine the heat flow Q for each condition

Table1: Heat flow for Sample1

min 0 1 2 3 4 5
T in 27.5 38.5 48 53.2 57.3 59
T out 60 57.3 59.9 59.8 59.7 60.7
dT 32.5 18.8 11.9 6.6 2.4 1.7
Q 41.6604 24.0989 15.2541 8.4603 3.0765 2.1792

Table2: Heat flow for Sample2

min 0 1 2 3 4 5
T in 27.5 43 51.5 55 58 57.9
T out 60.9 59.5 58.6 58.5 59.6 58.9
dT 33.4 16.5 7.1 3.5 1.6 1
Q 42.8140 21.1507 9.1012 4.4865 2.0510 1.2819

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Table3: Heat flow for Sample3

min 0 1 2 3 4 5
T in 27.5 36 43.2 48 51 52.5
T out 57.5 56.5 56.1 55.7 55.5 55.6
dT 30 20.5 12.9 7.7 4.5 3.1
Q 38.45573 26.27808 16.53596 9.870304 5.768359 3.973759

Table4: Heat flow for Sample4

min 0 1 2 3 4 5
T in 27.5 39 42.5 53 57 60
T out 60 60.5 58.2 60.5 61.1 61.5
dT 32.5 21.5 15.7 7.5 4.1 1.5
Q 41.66037 27.55994 20.12517 9.613932 5.255616 1.922786

Table5: Heat flow for Sample5

min 0 1 2 3 4 5
T in 28 41 49 50 59 60.6
T out 60 59.9 60.1 59.5 59.5 61
dT 32 18.9 11.1 9.5 0.5 0.4
Q 41.01945 24.22711 14.22862 12.17765 0.640929 0.512743

dT: The difference between Touter and Tinner

𝑑𝑇
𝑄 = −𝐴𝐾 (𝑊)
𝑑𝑥
𝑘 = 0.8 𝑊/(m.K)
𝐷 = 40.4𝑚𝑚
42 − 40.4
𝑥= = 0.8𝑚𝑚 = 0.8 × 10−3 𝑚
2
𝜋𝐷 2 Figure5: Standard
𝐴= = 1280𝑚𝑚2 = 1280 × 10−6 𝑚
4 Measurement of 50ml
Beaker

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6.2 Draw the graphic of heat flow in function of the time

Heat Flow(W) VS Time(min)

41.1220
45.0
40.0
y = -7.5937x + 34.832
35.0
R² = 0.9062
Heat FLow (W)

30.0 24.6629
25.0
20.0 15.0490
15.0
8.9217
10.0
3.3585 1.9741
5.0
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Duration(min)

Table6: Average Heat flow at Time

Time(min) 0 1 2 3 4 5
AVG Q (W) 41.1220 24.6629 15.0490 8.9217 3.3585 1.9741
StanD 1.4534 2.1838 3.5797 2.5244 1.9277 1.1540

6.3 Discuss the obtained results

By doing the experiment of 5 samples, we got the data above and able to plot the graph of heat flow
in function of time.

Average Heat Flow (AVG Q) Behavior:

• The average heat flow (AVG Q) decreases exponentially with time, reflecting the fundamental
behavior of heat conduction. This trend aligns with Fourier’s Law, where the rate of heat
𝑑𝑇
transfer is proportional to the temperature gradient .
𝑑𝑥

• Initially, at t=0, the heat flow is very high (41.1220W), indicating a significant temperature
difference between the heat source and the system.

• Over time, as the system approaches thermal equilibrium, the heat flow reduces dramatically,
reaching 1.9741W at t=5 min. This indicates that the system is nearing steady-state conditions,
where the temperature gradient becomes negligible.

Heat conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through a material without any bulk movement of
the material itself. In the given process, heat conduction occurs through the walls of the glass bottles
and the soybean milk inside.

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7. Observations

1. Rapid Heat Transfer Initially:

o The highest average heat flow (AVG Q=41.1220 W) occurs at t=0 because of the large
temperature gradient between the hot water and the soybean milk.

2. Exponential Decay in Heat Flow:

o As the soybeans heats up, the temperature gradient decrease, causing the heat
transfer rate to decrease exponentially (as seen in the AVG Q=1.9741 at t=5min).

3. Effect of Thermal Conductivity:

o The moderate thermal conductivity of the glass affects the speed at which heat
transfers into the sample (𝐾𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟 = 0.8𝑊/(m.K). Using a material with higher
conductivity (Ex: 𝐾𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 50.2𝑊/(m.K), 𝐾𝐴𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑢𝑚 = 205𝑊/(m.K)) would
accelerate the process.