WEATHER MONITORING SYSTEM

Project report submitted

For partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Under the Supervision of
Dr. NILANJAN CHATTARAJ
Assistant Professor
Report submitted by
GOURAB DAS
Roll No. 21EC8039
Registration No. 21U10409

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
National Institute of Technology Durgapur
West Bengal – 713209
India
November, 2024
 Description
In this project, we aim to build a weather monitoring system using
the ESP8266 and Arduino UNO microcontroller integrated with
various sensors. The system will collect data on temperature,
pressure, and light intensity, as well as assess temperature conditions
based on predefined criteria. This data can be remotely monitored
and accessed from our mainframe.

Motivation
The motivation behind developing a weather monitoring system
using the ESP8266 and Arduino UNO microcontrollers stems from the
increasing need for real-time environmental data. With climate
change and urbanization significantly affecting weather patterns,
accurate monitoring has become essential for agriculture, disaster
management, and public safety. This project aims to provide
accessible, remote data collection, enabling users to make informed
decisions based on current weather conditions. By integrating various
sensors, we can gather comprehensive information on temperature,
pressure, and light intensity, enhancing our understanding of real-
time weather dynamics. Additionally, this system fosters community
engagement by promoting awareness and proactive responses to
environmental changes. It empowers users to track local weather
trends, contributing to better resource management and
preparedness in the face of climate variability.

Applications

1. Agriculture:
- Optimize irrigation and fertilization schedules based on real-time
weather data.
 - Monitor microclimate conditions to enhance crop yield and
quality.

2. Urban Planning:
- Assess environmental conditions for pollution control

3. Disaster Management and prevention:

- Provide timely weather updates for effective evacuation, safety
measures during extreme weather events and disaster prevention
and mitigation.
- Support emergency response teams with accurate environmental
data.

4. Research and Education:

- Facilitate studies on climate change and local weather patterns.

5. Home Automation:
- Integrate with smart home systems to adjust heating, cooling, and
lighting based on weather conditions.

Methodology:
Components used:
 Sr. Name of component Quantity
No.
1. ESP8266 1

2. Arduino UNO 1
3 LCD (16x2) 1
4. Temperature Sensor 1
5. Photoresistor 1
6. Pressure Sensor 1
7. Gas Sensor 1
8. Buzzer 1
9. RGB LED 1
10. Red LED 1
11. Blue LED 1
12. Potentiometer 2
13. Resistors (of different 9
value)

Description of Components:
➢ ESP8266: NodeMCU microcontroller is a major component of
the circuit. It is programmed to control the working of all the
sensors and relay the data hence collected to the mainframe
over Wi-Fi.
➢ Arduino UNO: It the major component of the circuit and
programable we use it to make other components work
accordingly.
 ➢ LCD (16x2): Its is used to show the stats of the weather
according to the reading of the different sensors. In the first
row we shows the temperature condition i.e., we display the
value of temperature sensor. In the second row we shows value
of photoresistor and gas sensors.
➢ Temperature Sensor: It is used to measure temperature and as
per the temperature value it will send data to Arduino board
and display it in the 1st row of lcd module.
➢ Photoresistor: It is used to detect the presence of light. Using
this sensor, we will be going to know whether it is day or night
or some cloudy surrounding.
➢ Pressure Sensor: It is used gauge the pressure of the
environment. here it does not have any important function in
this project.
➢ Gas Sensor: It is used to check the quality of the air and
accordingly it will display the result in the 2nd row of lcd
module.
➢ Buzzer: Used to alert about bad weather condition. That bad
weather condition includes variation of temperature, air quality.
➢ RGB LED: Used to know about the temperature condition.
• OFF – Normal Temperature
• Red – Hot Temperature
• Blue – Cold Temperature
➢ Red LED: Used as light source.
➢ Blue LED: Used as the indicator for abnormal pressure.
➢ Potentiometer: Used to control contrast of the LCD.
➢ Resistors (of different values): Used for providing resistance.

Working of the system:

This system monitors temperature, light, gas concentration, and air
pressure using respective sensors. The temperature sensor reads in
Celsius, triggering LEDs and a buzzer to indicate "Cold," "Normal," or
"Hot" conditions, with readings displayed on an LCD. The light sensor
categorizes ambient light levels as "Dark," "Cloudy," or "Sunny" and
adjusts a white LED accordingly. The gas sensor detects harmful
levels, sounding a buzzer and showing a pollution warning on the
LCD. The air pressure sensor activates an LED if pressure exceeds a
set threshold. Sensor values are printed to the serial monitor for
continuous real-time monitoring.

Code:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);// for the LCD

int wLED = 9;
int rLED = 6;
int bLED = 7;
int gLED = 8;
int pLED = 13;
int piezo=10;

int LDR = A0;

int LsensorValue = 0;

int TMP = A1;

int TsensorValue=0;

int GAS = A2;

int GsensorValue = 0;

int PRS = A3;

int PsensorValue = 0;

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin (16, 2);
pinMode(wLED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(rLED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(bLED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(gLED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(piezo, OUTPUT);
pinMode(pLED, OUTPUT);

void loop()
{

TsensorValue = analogRead(TMP);

float voltage = TsensorValue * 5.0;

voltage /= 1024.0;

float temperatureC = (voltage - 0.5) * 100 ;

Serial.print("The temperature is=");
Serial.print(temperatureC);
Serial.println(" degrees C");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(temperatureC);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

if (temperatureC < 2)
{
digitalWrite(bLED, HIGH);
digitalWrite(rLED, LOW);
lcd.print("Cold temp");
tone(10, 300);
}
else
if (temperatureC >= 2 && temperatureC < 45 )
{
digitalWrite(bLED, LOW);
digitalWrite(rLED, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Normal temp");
noTone(10);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(rLED, HIGH);
 digitalWrite(bLED, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Hot temp");
tone(10, 300);
}

LsensorValue = analogRead(LDR);
Serial.print("The light value is= ");
Serial.println(LsensorValue);

if (LsensorValue < 50)

{
digitalWrite(wLED, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Dark");
}

else if(LsensorValue>=50 && LsensorValue<250)

{
digitalWrite(wLED, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Cloudy");
}
else
{
digitalWrite(wLED, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Sunny");
}

GsensorValue = analogRead(GAS);
Serial.print("Gas Sensor Value= ");
Serial.println(GsensorValue, DEC);
if (GsensorValue > 100)
{
tone(10,700);
lcd.setCursor(5,1);
lcd.print("& polluted");
}
PsensorValue = analogRead(PRS);
Serial.print("pressure Sensor Value= ");
Serial.println(PsensorValue, DEC);
if (PsensorValue > 100)
{
digitalWrite(pLED, HIGH);
Serial.println("air pressure is high");
}
else
{
digitalWrite(pLED, LOW);
}
 Serial.println();
Serial.println();
Serial.println();

delay (5000);

Circuit diagram:
Result:
 Simulation link:
https://www.tinkercad.com/things/5tV2FslGYll-weather-
monitoring-
system/editel?sharecode=cY4iPjAZDwAya_zn2m2ATeZQztDIz
Mu-iDx5vsa2lQQ

Conclusion:

This project successfully monitors environmental conditions—

temperature, light, gas, and pressure—providing real-time feedback
through LEDs, a buzzer, and an LCD display. The system offers clear
alerts and serial output, making it practical for applications in home
safety and industrial monitoring, where timely responses to
environmental changes are critical. It demonstrates a cost-effective
approach to enhancing safety and awareness in various settings.