Assignment No.

01

Comparative Education

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Submitted To:

Dr. Sidra Aslam

Submitted By:

Usma Zafar

Roll No. 25

Bachelor of Education (B.Ed)

Session (2021-2025)

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University of Education

Lahore , Pakistan
 Comparative Education

Introduction

Comparative education is a field of study that focuses on the provision of organized learning
activities across international and intercultural boundaries and utilizes comparative methods
of study. Comparative education is a fully established academic field of study that examines
education in one country (or group of countries) by using data and insights drawn from the
practices and situation in another country, or countries.

What is Comparative Education?

Comparative education is a vast field of study. It does not only study the educational systems of
other countries or confine itself to a single strict definition because it covers disciplines such as
the sociology, political science, psychology, and anthropology of different countries.

“Comparative Education is the detailed study of educational systems to find out how a people’s
values and beliefs affect their educational system and how to provide suitable education for
those people.”

The field is a deep, critical examination of societal values and educational systems of other
countries for the purposes of evaluating one’s own system and refreshing one’s own culture by
adopting progressive aspects from elsewhere on the basis of comparison.

Comparative education has four purposes:

I. To describe educational systems, processes, or outcomes.

II. To assist in the development of educational institutions and practices.
III. To highlight the relationships between education and society.
IV. To establish generalized statements about education that may be valid in more than one
country.

Dimensions of comparative education

The field of comparative education has comprehended three principal dimensions or thrusts,
which are:

1. Scientific/theoretical
2. Pragmatic/ameliorative
3. Global/international understanding and peace
 1. Scientific/theoretical approach

Scientific Approach is a learning process, designed to make the students actively construct
their own knowledge through stages of scientific method. The scientific approach in learning
process can be done by using learning modules. One of the learning models is discovery based
learning.

Scientific method:

The scientific method focuses on asking a strong research question, finding strategies for
appropriately investigating the question, analyzing findings, and drawing conclusions. The
scientific method helps students get into the mindset of scientists, always framing and planning
investigations.

Steps of scientific method:

I. Observation and formulation of a question:

This is the first step of a scientific method. To start one, an observation has to be made into
any observable aspect or phenomena of the universe, and a question needs to be asked about
that aspect. For example, you can ask, “Why is the sky black at night? Or “Why is air invisible?”
 II. Data Collection and Hypothesis:

The next step involved in the scientific method is to collect all related data and formulate a
hypothesis based on the observation. The hypothesis could be the cause of the phenomena, its
effect, or its relation to any other phenomena.

III. Testing the hypothesis:

After the hypothesis is made, it needs to be tested scientifically. Scientists do this by

conducting experiments. The aim of these experiments is to determine whether the hypothesis
agrees with or contradicts the observations made in the real world. The confidence in the
hypothesis increases or decreases based on the result of the experiments.

IV. Analysis and Conclusion:

This step involves the use of proper mathematical and other scientific procedures to determine
the results of the experiment. Based on the analysis, the future course of action can be
determined. If the data found in the analysis is consistent with the hypothesis, it is accepted. If
not, then it is rejected or modified and analyses again.

2. Pragmatic/ameliorative approach

Pragmatism

Pragmatism is a philosophy of practicality that has been applied to education. According to this
philosophy, education should be focused on real-life applications and student growth.

Pragmatism in education

Pragmatism in education states that learning should be focused on life and growth. The topics
students study in school should have practical applications to their current or future situations
or careers. While topics like math and science can help students in their day-to-day life,
proponents of the pragmatism philosophy also argue that other topics should be included in
the curriculum to help students grow. Schools should not only teach information, but also help
students grow as people.
pragmatic approach

The pragmatic approach to learning states that learning should be practical. Education should
apply to the real world. Many teachers tackle this by using real-world scenarios that students
either will encounter or may have already encountered. It is not enough to simply give
students a lecture about climate change. To make this learning more practical, the teacher
should have students research how climate change is affecting their students’ lives and
possible future. They could also look into steps they can take to help deal with the issue of
climate change. This would be an authentic application of practical learning.

3. Global/international understanding and peace

This is an approach whereby all the variations existing from one area to another within the
same country are taken into consideration while comparing the system of education of a
foreign country with one’s educational system.

DEFINITION OF INTERNATIONAL APPROACH

This is an approach where by all the various existing from one area to another within the same
country are taken into consideration where comparing the system of education of a foreign
country with one’s educational system.

Degree programs in international and comparative education continually evaluate countries’

education programs and strive to enrich and improve them through research, collaboration
and mutual insight.

PURPOSES OF INTERNATIONAL APPROACH

 Education is a universally important part of a country’s cultural and economic

development.
 Studying and sharing aspects of educational practices and ideas with other nations is
the cornerstone of international and comparative education degree programs.
 This field is dedicated to furthering the educational foundation of every country around
the world, as well as establishing common methods and practices that all nations can
use to flourish.
 International and comparative education students learn about educational problems
and how to develop policies for more effective and successful educational programs.
SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL APPROACH

Several disciplines are integrated into international approach which makes its scope wide.
IA include aspects of:

 Political science
 Sociology
 Anthropology
 Global studies
 Human rights education
 Literacy
 Education policy

PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL APPROACH

In the process of international approach three main steps are involved:

 Research
 Comparative frame work
 Suggestions

The two main tools of the approach:

Research: In which require data is collected and research paper is made.

Comparative frame work: An explicit comparison frame work is done in the light of research
paper.

In the end some suggestions are made for the educational policy makers.

USES OF INTERNATIONAL APPROACH

 Increase people’s knowledge and skills and that takes place across international
boundaries.
 International measures of education made according to this approach.
 International comparative studies guide the policy makers that how they can meet with
international educational standards.
 International educational exchange programs
 Uses to the study of education’s role in economic, political, and sociocultural
development, international educational exchange, and the internationalization of
education.