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ComputerVision2

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11 views

ComputerVision2

Uploaded by

dotaqeel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is a Rule-based system?

• Rule-based systems are a popular way of processing data.


• They use an if-this-then-that structure to take known
information, process it, and develop a result. These systems are
fast and easy to build.
• For example, when a bank receives an application for a loan
from someone, the bank can use a simple rule like “If the
applicant’s age is less <= than 50 and his income is >= $60000
annually,” the bank can approve the loan. Of course, this is a
simple rule, and rule-based systems can be built into much
more complex rules to qualify the applicant and decide
whether to approve or reject the request.
What is a Machine-learning system? (or Self-learning system)

• Machine learning systems examine large amounts of past data and


make decisions based on their learning from the data. For instance,
in the loan application example above, a machine learning system
can see that a loan applicant whose age is <=50 and income
>=$60000 can be approved based on the vast number of applicant
data from the past.
• The important point to note here is that no one needs to tell the
information above to the Machine Learning-based system. The
software can make this logical deduction on its own by simply
analyzing the data and looking for correlations.
• The biggest difference between rule-based
systems and self-learning systems is that
humans manually program rule-based systems,
whereas machines automatically train self-
learning systems. In other words, self-learning
systems learn from experience rather than being
explicitly told what to do by humans.
The Kalman Filter algorithm is a powerful tool for
estimating and predicting system states in the presence
of uncertainty and is widely used as a fundamental
component in applications such as target tracking,
navigation, and control.
What is a Markov model?
A Markov model is a stochastic method for randomly changing
systems that possess the Markov property. This means that, at
any given time, the next state is only dependent on the current
state and is independent of anything in the past. Two commonly
applied types of Markov model are used when the system being
represented is autonomous
Markov chains. These are the simplest type of Markov model and
are used to represent systems where all states are observable.
Markov chains show all possible states, and between states.

Hidden Markov models. These are used to represent systems with


some unobservable states. In addition to showing states and
transition rates, hidden Markov models also represent
observations and observation likelihoods for each state. Hidden
Markov models are used for a range of applications, including
thermodynamics, finance and pattern recognition.

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