Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence

What is artificial intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is a branch of computer science dedicated to creating computers and programs
that can replicate human thinking. Some AI programs can learn from their past by analyzing complex
sets of data and improve their performance without the help of humans to refine their programming.

As AI has boomed in recent years, it’s become commonplace in both business and everyday life. People
use AI every day to make their lives easier – interacting with AI-powered virtual assistants or programs.
Companies use AI to streamline their production processes, project gains and losses, and predict when
maintenance will have to occur.

There are always pros and cons to any technological advancement. There is a ton of debate about the
benefits and risks of AI at every level. But beyond the headlines that either peddle hype or fear, what
does AI do?

The advantages range from streamlining, saving time, eliminating biases, and automating repetitive
tasks, just to name a few. The disadvantages are things like costly implementation, potential human job
loss, and lack of emotion and creativity. So where do we net out?

Advantages of AI

Everyone knows that AI gives businesses an edge. The Appen State of AI Report for 2021 says that all
businesses have a critical need to adopt AI and ML in their models or risk being left behind. Companies
increasingly utilize AI to streamline their internal processes (as well as some customer-facing processes
and applications). Implementing AI can help your business achieve its results faster and with more
precision.

Eliminates human error and risk

The first major advantage of implementing AI is that it decreases human error, as well as risk to humans.

“To err is human…” - Alexander Pope, Enlightenment poet.

Everyone makes mistakes on occasion. That’s not always a bad thing, but when it comes to producing
consistent results, it certainly can be. Using AI to complete tasks, particularly repetitive ones, can
prevent human error from tainting an otherwise perfectly useful product or service.

Similarly, using AI to complete particularly difficult or dangerous tasks can help prevent the risk of injury
or harm to humans. An example of AI taking risks in place of humans would be robots being used in
areas with high radiation. Humans can get seriously sick or die from radiation, but the robots would be
unaffected. And if a fatal error were to occur, the robot could be built again.

24/7 availability

AI programs are available at all times, whereas humans work 8 hours a day. Machines can work all
through the day and night, and AI-powered chatbots can provide customer service even during off-
hours. This can help companies to produce more and provide a better customer experience than
humans could provide alone.
Unbiased decision making

Humans disagree and allow their biases to leak through in their decisions all the time. All humans have
biases, and even if we try and solve for them, they sometimes manage to sneak through the cracks

On the other hand, provided the AI algorithm has been trained using unbiased datasets and tested for
programming bias, the program will be able to make decisions without the influence of bias. That can
help provide more equity in things like selecting job applications, approving loans, or credit applications.

Though if the AI was created using biased datasets or training data it can make biased decisions that
aren’t caught because people assume the decisions are unbiased. That’s why quality checks are essential
on the training data, as well as the results that a specific AI program produces to ensure that bias issues
aren’t overlooked.

Repetitive jobs

Even the most interesting job in the world has its share of mundane or repetitive work. This could be
things like entering and analyzing data, generating reports, verifying information, and the like. Using an
AI program can save humans from the boredom of repetitive tasks, and save their energy for work that
requires more creative energy.

Cost reduction

As we addressed above, AI can work around the clock, creating more value in the same day as a human
worker. And since AI can help to take over manual and tedious tasks, it frees up workers for higher-
skilled tasks. That, ultimately, creates more value for the end-user or consumer.

Data acquisition and analysis

When it comes to processing data, the scale of data generated far exceeds the human capacity to
understand and analyze it. AI algorithms can help process higher volumes of complex data, making it
usable for analysis.

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Disadvantages of artificial intelligence

With all the advantages listed above, it can seem like a no-brainer to adopt AI for your business
immediately. But it’s also prudent to carefully consider the potential disadvantages of making such a
drastic change. Adopting AI has a myriad of benefits, but the disadvantages include things like the cost
of implementation and degradation over time.

Costly implementation
The biggest and most obvious drawback of implementing AI is that its development can be extremely
costly. Depending on what exactly you need AI to do, the cost changes. One estimate says that the cost
for a fully implemented AI solution for most businesses ranged from $20,000 to well in the millions.

The cost balances out later on down the line once the AI is fully implemented and can help streamline
the workflow. But the up-front cost can be intimidating, if not prohibitive.

Lack of emotion and creativity

The next disadvantage of AI is that it lacks the human ability to use emotion and creativity in decisions.

The lack of creativity means AI can’t create new solutions to problems or excel in any overly artistic field.
One scientific paper posited that at the present stage of AI development, it can be programmed to
create “novel” ideas, but not original ones. This paper posits that until AI can create original and
unexpected ideas, it won’t overtake humans in the ability to be creative, which means it will be hindered
in its decision-making. If a company is looking for a new or creative solution to a problem, humans are
better capable of providing that solution.

When making sensitive decisions, humans inherently consider the emotional ramifications. AI doesn’t
have that ability, making only the most optimal decision based on the parameters with which it has been
provided, regardless of the emotional impact. Even AI that has been programmed to read and
understand human emotion falls short.

In this study, the AI more often assigned negative emotions to people of races other than white. This
would mean that an AI tasked with making decisions based on this data would give racially biased results
that further increase inequality.

Compassion and kindness are both inherently human traits, but cannot be programmed into even the
best AI.

Degradation

This may not be as obvious of a downside as the ones cited above. But machines generally degrade over
time. For example, if AI is installed into a machine on an assembly line, eventually the parts of the
machine will start to wear. And unless the AI has a self-repairing function, it will eventually break.

Likewise, the AI itself can become outdated if not trained to learn and regularly evaluated by human
data scientists. The model and training data used to create the AI will eventually be old and outdated,
meaning that the AI trained will also be unless retrained or programmed to learn and improve on its
own.

No improvement with experience

Similarly to the point above, AI can’t naturally learn from its own experience and mistakes. Humans do
this by nature, trying not to repeat the same mistakes over and over again. However, creating an AI that
can learn on its own is both extremely difficult and quite expensive. There are AIs that can learn, of
course. Perhaps the most notable example of this would be the program AlphaGo, developed by Google,
which taught itself to play Go and within three days started inventing new strategies that humans hadn’t
yet thought of.
But without the programming to learn on its own, AI will need human intervention to help it improve
over time.

Reduced jobs for humans

This is yet another disadvantage many people know immediately, thanks to many headlines over the
years. As AI becomes more commonplace at companies, it may decrease available jobs, since AI can
easily handle repetitive tasks that were previously done by workers.

Now, many reports show that AI will likely create just as many new jobs as it makes obsolete, if not
more. But then you run into the problem of having to train humans on these new jobs, or leaving
workers behind with the surge in technology.

Ethical problems

The rapid creation and implementation of AI led to a myriad of ethical questions about its use and
continued growth. One of the most common ethical problems people cite is concerns around consumer
data privacy. The persistence of data poses many problems for the informed consent of the humans to
whom the data belongs. Not to mention, since AI is good at recognizing patterns, it can gather data on
people even without direct access to personal information. So the question is: how do we protect
consumer privacy with the rapid evolution of AI?

Other ethical problems range from the unemployment question, to legal responsibility, and more. Learn
more about the ethics of using AI in this article.

Use cases for AI

There are dozens of possible examples of AI in business. We talked above about the uses of AI in helping
to automate repetitive tasks, freeing up human workers for more complex tasks. Some other use cases
include:

Early diagnosis of diseases in healthcare using AI that analyzes patterns and data to predict when/how a
patient is likely to develop a specific disease.

Virtual assistant chatbots in customer service can handle simple and common requests, and help route
requests to human resources for more complex tasks. These also help to provide support during off-
hours and weekends.

Early detection of fraud in financial institutions. The AI analyzes patterns around fraud to catch it as early
as possible, and prevent it from happening entirely.

Creation of predictive analysis to help a business project possibilities for their future, helping to prevent
poor decisions and support strong ones.

Implementing AI
It’s important for businesses to know the disadvantages inherent in using AI, however it is equally as
important to move forward with utilizing AI. Knowing the disadvantages will help the deployer to solve
these problems, allowing for a better, more efficient and ethical use of AI in the workplace.

Ready to use AI in your business? Learn how Tableau uses AI analytics to equip our users with the best
possible data, allowing them to make informed decisions about their business.