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21 views3 pages

Selfstudys Com File

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princekumar1692001
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Regional Aspirations

FACTS THAT MATTER


1. 1980s may be seen as a period of rising regional aspirations
creating various regional movements which conclude in a
negotiated settlement or accords between the government’s
groups. Indian approach maintained a balance in the principles of
unity and diversity even by redrawing the internal boundaries of
country in response to preserve the culture of different regions and
linguistic groups.
2. Immediately after independence, India had to cope up with the
issues of partition, displacement, integration of princely states and
reorganisation of states i.e. Jammu and Kashmir issues political
aspiration, North-East had no consensus to be a part of India and
Dravidian movement briefly toyed with the idea of separate
country.
3. Jammu and Kashmir comprised of three social and political
regions namely Kashmir, Jammu and Ladakh region. On the issue
of regional autonomy, Accession was promised on reference of
people. Special federal status guaranteed by Article 370, to protect
regional autonomy.
4. During most of the period between 1953 to 1974, Congress
exercised a lot of influence on the politics of Jammu and Kashmir.
Finally, in 1974, Sheikh became Chief Minister of the state. Except
it, from 1989, separatist politics was also surfaced in Kashmir with
the stronger demand for intrastate autonomy rather than state
autonomy. In present scenario, most of separatist in dialogue are
trying to re-negotiate a relationship of the state with India.
5. In Punjab, Anandpur Sahib Resolution was passed at the
conference of Akali Dal at Anandpur Sahib in 1973 to ascertain
regional autonomy and to redefine centre-state relationship. It had
a limited appeal and Akali government was dismissed in 1980.
Afterwards, the movement launched by Akali Dal took the form of
armed insurgency and resolution became controversial.
6. In 1985, Punjab accord was signed between Rajiv Gandhi and
Harchand Singh Longowal, President of Akali Dal to transfer
Chandigarh, appointment of a commission to resolve border
dispute and agreement for compensation to better treatment. But
peace did not come easily, violence led many excesses and
fragmentation of Akali Dal. Hence, it led to president’s rule in the
state. In 1997, first normal elections in Punjab were held in post
militancy era and alliance of Akali Dal and BJP scored a major
victory.
7. The North-East region consisted of seven states referred to as
‘Seven Sisters’. The reorganisation of North-East was complete by
1972 but did not end the autonomy demands i.e. Bodos, Karbis,
Dimasas demanded separate state in Assam and issues were
resolved with the grant of some autonomy to these issues. Even
‘Assam Accord’ was signed over the issue of‘Outsiders’ in Assam
in 1985.
8. The Assam movement was combination of cultural pride and
economic backwardness as it was against outsiders to maintain
cultural integration and poverty, unemployment also existed
despite natural resources like oil, tea and coal.
9. Regional aspirations range from demands of statehood and
economic development to autonomy and separation were coming
up which taught many lessons to us i.e. expression of regional
issues is not abnormal phenomenon, to respond through
democratic negotiations, power sharing among groups and
parties, economic development of region and flexible federal
system.
10. Goa was under the Portuguese along with Daman and Diu,
which expected freedom in 1947 but Portuguese refused. Goa
wanted to be merged with motherland and suppressed from
religious conversions and civil rights known as ‘Goa Problem’. In
1961, Government of India sent army under ‘Operation Vijay’ and
liberated Goa from Portugal rule and in 1987, Goa attained the
status of ‘State’ position.
WORDS THAT MATTER
1. Instrument of Accession: An accord signed between Maharaja
of Kashmir and government of India on the accession of state.
2. Insurgency: An affair to be directed against one’s own
constitutional government within national boundary with the
support of local people.
3. Khalistan: A separate state of Sikh community to maintain the
autonomous Sikh identity.
4. Operation Blue Star: A code name for army action in Golden
Temple in June 1984 by Government of India when Sikh militants
made their headquarters inside Golden Temple.
5. Seven Sisters: It is referred to seven states of North East region
to be referred as Seven Sisters.
6. Mizo National Front (MNF): It was formed in 1959 by the
groups of Mizo under the leadership of Laldenga for autonomous
States of Mizos.

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