Near-Surfaces Geophysics Application for Archaeology, Coal Mining and Road Landslide

in East Kalimantan Province of Indonesia

Piter Lepong, Djayus Atmo, Idris Mandang, Supriyanto
Geophysics Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Mulawarman University, Samarinda,Indonesia
e-mail: [email protected]

Application of NSG in Archaeological Site Application of NSG in Coal Mining Industry Application of NSG in Public Road Landslide

The Oldest Hindu Kingdom in Indonesia: Coal Mining in Kutai Basin: Public Road Landslide
The research and application of the geophysics for geotechnical and environmental surveys
A combined method of Near-Surface Geophysical (NSG) survey was conducted in an The Tertiary Kutai Basin in East Kalimantan province in Indonesia hosts approximately are relatively new in our place and it’s projected to grow in accordance to the needs of
archaeological site of the historical region of the kingdom of Kutai Mulawarman situated in one-third of the national total coal resources and reserves (MEMR, 2017). The basin is subsurface knowledge for civil engineering constructions and for subsurface environmental
Muara Kaman district, East Kalimantan province of Indonesia. The Kutai is the place of one of the most economical basins in Indonesia that produces hydrocarbon and coal studies. The area of study is located in Tenggarong road in the Northwest of Samarinda.
the first and the oldest Hindu Kingdom in Indonesia, indicated by the yupa inscription since more than a century ago. Currently, coal exploration still relies mainly on drilling The road is mainly allocated for people transportation and trucks for mobilization of goods.
dated about the 5th century AD. This is the preliminary study and assumes to be the first exploration. New technology has to accommodate and disseminate in the coal industry. The road is relatively new, it’s constructed around 2013 but some part has been damaged
geophysical study conducted on this historical site. The geophysical survey deployed due to less maintenance and uncontrolled of drainage systems. Electrical Resistivity
New geophysical instruments and processing technologies help provide new insights into
magnetometer, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), and Ground Penetrating Radar Tomography (ERT) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) were conducted in the two
geology imaging and improved rapid mapping of the subsurface. Geophysical exploration locations on landslide sedimentary rocks in order to understand the triggering processes
(GPR), the three main methods that are commonly used for archaeological study. The techniques such as resistivity and seismic tomographic imaging technology have a wide and mechanism of landslide and subsidence and to assess the soil movement.
deployed geophysical measurements in four designated sites, but I displayed the application prospect including in coal industries.
following data only from the sector of Candi A.
ERT and SRT Profiles: ERT and GPR Profiles:
ERT and GPR Profiles: Two geophysical types of equipment have been applied for these study namely MAE X-
The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) profile of F1, showing lithology of mudstone
612EM multi-channel resistivity meter and AKULA 9000 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
The reconnaissance survey using ERT and GPR methods acquired the data in three lines with resistivity value <10 Ωm. Two thin coal seams at the depth of 24m and 30 m can be 100 MHz. The resistivity meter measures the resistivity value of soil that strongly influence
survey. Field measurement used MAE Resistivity meter of 48 electrodes and AKULA- imaged with the resistivity value of 24 Ωm and 34 Ωm respectively. The dip angle of the by water content and rock lithology. In general the higher the clay content the lower the
Geoscanner of 100 MHz. The survey strategy was planning to map the soil stratigraphy strata in this area is around 10 degree to the E-W dip direction. F2 reveals the resistivity resistivity value. The GPR method uses to identify the structural geology such as fault,
and possible to detect the small artifact of the man-made object. Resistivity profile R1-R3 of the coal seam exposed in the wall on active coal mining. We recommend the ERT fracture, void or local defects of the road and the thickness of the strata.
in general is divided into two layers. The top layer is unconsolidated material indicated method for the sub-crop of the coal seam. ERT profiling working well on shallow coal L1 and L2 showing the resistivity and GPR profiles in the Jonggon1 Area.The resistivity
with truncated high resistivity and thickness less than 3 meters. The investigation area seam indicated by relatively high resistivity and dip angle of the strata. shows that the slip surface is inferred as the contact between clay-low resistivity (<100 Ωm)
was illegally digging up and sporadically for economic purposes, and finding artifacts was and sandy-clay with resistivity > 100 Ωm. Truncated GPR reflection on clay layer interpreted
F3 and F4 Showing the profiles of Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) for imaging soft as fractured or shallow fault zone. L3 and L4 showing the resistivity and GPR profiles in the
selling to the antique collectors. The main image in GPR G1-G3 and coincide with ERT
or hard rock material by measuring the velocity of refracted seismic waves in coal mining. Jonggon2 Area. The slip surface in the second area occurred on the contact between
result showing the concave reflection that interprets to be associated with a fortress or
The SRT profiles are divided into four lithologies based on the contour-velocity: top soil- saturated clay with resistivity <10 Ωm and relative dry clay with resistivity >10 Ωm, ERT and
ditch. Several diffraction patterns in GPR profile interpret as small artifacts like ceramic,
very soft material (300-400)m/s, clay-wet soil (400-800)m/s, compact soil-clayey GPR data show landslides are characterized by the deformation of the rocks caused by the
firing pitch. saturation of the soil and crack-affected water infiltration under rainfall conditions.
sandstone (800-1200)m/s, and hard clay >1200 m/s.

R1
F2
G1
F2 L1
F1
F2
L2

R2

R2

L3
L4
F3 F4

R3
R3