A

Technical Seminar on

INTERNET OF THINGS

Submitted to JNTUH in partial fulfillment of the

Requirements for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

By

S.SATHWIKA

21N61A0569

Under the guidance of

Dr. M. V. HANUMANTHA REDDY(Professor & HOD)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi &Affiliated to JNTU , Hyderabad)An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution

KARIMNAGAR-505 001

2021-2025

1
VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
KARIMNAGAR-505 001
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Technical Seminar report entitled “INTERNET OF THINGS” is
submitted by S.SATHWIKA bearing Hallticket no. 21N61A0569 in B.Tech IV year\ I semester,
Computer Science & Engineering is a record bonafide work carried out by me.

INTERNAL GUIDE Head of the Department

Dr. M. V. HANUMANTHA REDDY Dr. M. V. HANUMANTHA REDDY

Co-Ordinator

Mrs. B. Sandhya Rani

2
 VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(Approved by AICTE New Delhi &Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
KARIMNAGAR-505 001
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING

DECLARATION

I, S.SATHWIKA, bearing Hallticket no 21N61A0569, hereby declare that the technical

report entitled " INTERNET OF THINGS " submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree in Bachelor of Technology IV-I semester, Computer Science &
Engineering.

This is a record of bonafide work carried out by me and the content and results embodied in
this report have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any other
degree or diploma.
S.SATHWIKA,
H.T.NO: 21N61A0569,
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering,
Vivekananda Institute of Technology and Science,

Karimnagar-505 001.

3
 INDEX

Sl.no TITLE Pg.no

1 Abstract 5
2 Introduction 6
3 Functional blocks of an IOT ecosystem 7
4 IoT Hardware 8
5 IoT Software 9
6 IoT − Technology and Protocols 10
7 IoT − Media, Marketing, & Advertising Internet of Things 11
8 IoT − Environmental Monitoring 12
9 IoT − Manufacturing Applications 13
10 IoT − Transportation Applications 15
11 IoT − Education Applications 17
12 IoT − Government Applications 19
13 IoT − Consumer Applications 21
14 IoT − Identity Protection 23
15 IOT advantages and disadvantages 24
16 Conclusion 25
17 Reference 26

4
 ABSTRACT

Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IOT) describes a kind of network which interconnects various
devices with the help of internet. IOT assists to transmit data with among devices, tracing and
monitoring devices and other things. IOT make objects 'smart' by allowing them to transmit data
and automating of tasks, without lack of any physical interference. A health tracking wearable
device is an example of simple effortless IOT in our life. A smart city with sensors covering all
its regions using diverse tangible gadgets and objects all over the community and connected with
the help of internet. This word IOT was first suggested by Kevin Ashton in 1999. The subsequent
segment represent fundamental of IOT. It hands out several covering pre-owned in IOT and
varied fundamental denominations connected. It is primarily enlargement of helping hand using
Internet.
IoT is a one the main techniques that is used to express the bi quitous computing
approach, but it still not popular like the cloud computing technology. This paper has sought to
highlight the IoT concept in general through the three sections namely; section I, reviewed
an overview about the IoT concept via highlighting its history and its inception since 1999
at the hand of Kevin Ashton who considered as one of the pioneers who talked about IoT and
even Cisco company now.

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Today the Internet has become ubiquitous, has touched almost every corner of the globe, and is
affecting human life in unimaginable ways.
We are now entering an era of even more pervasive connectivity where a very wide variety of
appliances will be connected to the web.
One year after the past edition of the Cluster book 2012 it can be clearly stated that the
Internet of Things (IoT) has reached many different players and gained further recognition. Out
of the potential Internet of Things application areas, Smart Cities (and regions), Smart Car and
mobility, Smart Home and assisted living, Smart Industries, Public safety, Energy &
environmental protection, Agriculture and Tourism as part of a future IoT Ecosystem (Figure
1.1) have acquired high attention.

IoT Ecosystem

The IoT World Forum (IoT WF) Standardized Architecture

In 2014 the IoT WF architectural committee (led by Cisco, IBM, Rockwell Automation, and
others) published a seven-layer IoT architectural reference model. While various IoT reference
models exist, the one put forth by the IoT World Forum offers a clean, simplified perspective on
IoT and includes edge computing, data storage, and access.

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 CHAPTER 2
Functional blocks of an IoT ecosystem

IoT don’t exist in a void. A lone sensor isn’t really good for anything, nor is a bunch of
them, for that matter, unless they are all connected to one another and to platforms that generate
data for further use. This is what we call an Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem – a broad
network of connected and interdependent devices and technologies that are applied by specialists
towards a specific goal, such as the creation of a smart city.
Obviously, there are limitless applications to the IoT and therefore we can speak of endless
coexisting IoT ecosystems. But if you boil what is happening in the ecosystem down to the bare
essentials, you will come up with a simple schema: a device collects data and sends it across the
network to a platform that aggregates the data for future use by the agent. And so we have the
key components to an IoT ecosystem: devices, networks, platforms, and agents. Let’s discuss
them in more detail.
Four things form basic building blocks of the IoT system –sensors, processors, gateways,
applications. Each of these nodes has to have its own characteristics in order to form an useful
IoT system.

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 CHAPTER 3
IoT Hardware
The hardware utilized in IoT systems includes devices for a remote dashboard, devices for
control, servers, a routing or bridge device, and sensors. These devices manage key tasks and
functions such as system activation, action specifications, security, communication, and detection
to support-specific goals and actions.

IoT − Sensors
The most important hardware in IoT might be its sensors. These devices consist of energy
modules, power management modules, RF modules, and sensing modules. RF modules manage
communications through their signal processing, WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, radio transceiver,
duplexer, and BAW.

Wearable Electronics
Wearable electronic devices are small devices worn on the head, neck, arms, torso, and feet.
Current smart wearable devices include:
 Head – Helmets, glasses
 Neck – Jewelry, collars
 Arm – Watches, wristbands, rings
 Torso – Clothing, backpacks
 Feet – Socks, shoes

Standard Devices
The desktop, tablet, and cellphone remain integral parts of IoT as the command center and
remotes.
 The desktop provides the user with the highest level of control over the system and its settings.

 The tablet provides access to the key features of the system in a way resembling the desktop,
and also acts as a remote.
 The cellphone allows some essential settings modification and also provides remote
functionality. Other key connected devices include standard network devices like routers and
switches

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 CHAPTER 4
IoT − Software
IoT software addresses its key areas of networking and action through platforms,
embedded systems, partner systems, and middleware. These individual and master
applications are responsible for data collection, device integration, real-time analytics.
Data Collection
This software manages sensing, measurements, light data filtering, light data security, and
aggregation of data. It uses certain protocols to aid sensors in connecting with real-time,
machine-to-machine networks. Then it collects data from multiple devices and distributes it in
accordance with settings. It also works in reverse by distributing data over devices. The system
eventually transmits all collected data to a central server.
Device Integration
Software supporting integration binds (dependent relationships) all system devices to create
the body of the IoT system. It ensures the necessary cooperation and stable networking between
devices. These applications are the defining software technology of the IoT network because
without them, it is not an IoT system. They manage the various applications, protocols, and
limitations of each device to allow communication.
Real-Time Analytics
These applications take data or input from various devices and convert it into viable actions
or clear patterns for human analysis. They analyze information based on various settings and
designs in order to perform automation-related tasks or provide the data required by industry.

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 CHAPTER 5
IoT − Technology and Protocols
IoT primarily exploits standard protocols and networking technologies. However, the major
enabling technologies and protocols of IoT are RFID, NFC, low-energy Bluetooth, low-energy
wireless, low-energy radio protocols, LTE-A, and WiFi-Direct. These technologies support the
specific networking functionality needed in an IoT system in contrast to a standard uniform
network of common systems.

NFC and RFID

RFID (radio-frequency identification) and NFC (near-field communication) provide simple,
lowenergy, and versatile options for identity and access tokens, connection bootstrapping, and
payments.
 RFID technology employs 2-way radio transmitter-receivers to identify and track tags
associated with objects.
 NFC consists of communication protocols for electronic devices, typically a mobile device and
a standard device.

Low-Energy Bluetooth
This technology supports the low-power, long-use need of IoT function while exploiting a
standard technology with native support across systems.

Low-Energy Wireless
This technology replaces the most power hungry aspect of an IoT system. Though sensors
and other elements can power down over long periods, communication links (i.e., wireless) must
remain in listening mode. Low-energy wireless not only reduces consumption, but also extends
the life of the device through less use.

Radio Protocols
ZigBee, Z-Wave, and Thread are radio protocols for creating low-rate private area networks.
These technologies are low-power, but offer high throughput unlike many similar options. This
increases the power of small local device networks without the typical costs.

WiFi-Direct:
WiFi-Direct eliminates the need for an access point. It allows P2P (peer-to-peer) connections
with the speed of WiFi, but with lower latency. WiFi-Direct eliminates an element of a network
that often bogs it down, and it does not compromise on speed or throughput.

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 CHAPTER 6

IoT − Media, Marketing, & Advertising Internet of Things

The applications of IoT in media and advertising involve a customized experience in which
the system analyzes and responds to the needs and interests of each customer. This includes their
general behavior patterns, buying habits, preferences, culture, and other characteristics.
Marketing and Content Delivery
IoT functions in a similar and deeper way to current technology, analytics, and big data.
Existing technology collects specific data to produce related metrics and patterns over time,
however, that data often lacks depth and accuracy. IoT improves this by observing more
behaviors and analyzing them differently.
Improved Advertising
Current advertising suffers from excess and poor targeting. Even with today's analytics,
modern advertising fails. IoT promises different and personalized advertising rather than one-
size-fitsall strategies. It transforms advertising from noise to a practical part of life because
consumers interact with advertising through IoT rather than simply receiving it. This makes
advertising more functional and useful to people searching the marketplace for solutions or
wondering if those solutions exist.

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 CHAPTER 7
IoT − Environmental Monitoring
The applications of IoT in environmental monitoring are broad: environmental protection,
extreme weather monitoring, water safety, endangered species protection, commercial farming,
and more. In these applications, sensors detect and measure every type of environmental change.

Air and Water Pollution

Current monitoring technology for air and water safety primarily uses manual labor along
with advanced instruments, and lab processing. IoT improves on this technology by reducing the
need for human labor, allowing frequent sampling, increasing the range of sampling and
monitoring, allowing sophisticated testing on-site, and binding response efforts to detection
systems. This allows us to prevent substantial contamination and related disasters.

Extreme Weather
Though powerful, advanced systems currently in use allow deep monitoring, they suffer from
using broad instruments, such as radar and satellites, rather than more granular solutions. Their
instruments for smaller details lack the same accurate targeting of stronger technology.
New IoT advances promise more fine-grained data, better accuracy, and flexibility. Effective
forecasting requires high detail and flexibility in range, instrument type, and deployment. This
allows early detection and early responses to prevent loss of life and property.

Commercial Farming
Today's sophisticated commercial farms have exploited advanced technology and
biotechnology for quite some time, however, IoT introduces more access to deeper automation
and analysis.

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 CHAPTER 8
IoT − Manufacturing Applications
Manufacturing technology currently in use exploits standard technology along with modern
distribution and analytics. IoT introduces deeper integration and more powerful analytics. This
opens the world of manufacturing in a way never seen before, as organizations become
fullydeveloped for product delivery rather than a global network of suppliers, makers, and
distributors loosely tied together.

Intelligent Product Enhancements

Much like IoT in content delivery, IoT in manufacturing allows richer insight in real-time.
This dramatically reduces the time and resources devoted to this one area, which traditionally
requires heavy market research before, during, and well after the products hit the market.
IoT also reduces the risks associated with launching new or modified products because it
provides more reliable and detailed information. The information comes directly from market use
and buyers rather than assorted sources of varied credibility.

Dynamic Response to Market Demands

Supplying the market requires maintaining a certain balance impacted by a number of factors
such as economy state, sales performance, season, supplier status, manufacturing facility status,
distribution status, and more. The expenses associated with supply present unique challenges
given today's global partners. The associated potential or real losses can dramatically impact
business and future decisions.
IoT manages these areas through ensuring fine details are managed more at the system level
rather than through human evaluations and decisions. An IoT system can better assess and control
the supply chain (with most products), whether demands are high or low.

Lower Costs, Optimized Resource Use, and Waste Reduction

IoT offers a replacement for traditional labor and tools in a production facility and in the
overall chain which cuts many previously unavoidable costs; for example, maintenance checks or
tests traditionally requiring human labor can be performed remotely with instruments and sensors
of an IoT system.
IoT also enhances operation analytics to optimize resource use and labor, and eliminate
various types of waste, e.g., energy and materials. It analyzes the entire process from the source
point to its end, not just the process at one point in a particular facility, which allows improvement
to have a more substantial impact. It essentially reduces waste throughout the network, and
returns those savings throughout.

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 .

Improved Facility Safety

A typical facility suffers from a number of health and safety hazards due to risks posed by
processes, equipment, and product handling. IoT aids in better control and visibility. Its
monitoring extends throughout the network of devices for not only performance, but for
dangerous malfunctions and usage. It aids (or performs) analysis and repair, or correction, of
critical flaws.

Product Safety
Even the most sophisticated system cannot avoid malfunctions, nonconforming product, and
other hazards finding their way to market. Sometimes these incidents have nothing to do with the
manufacturing process, and result from unknown conflicts. In manufacturing, IoT helps in
avoiding recalls and controlling nonconforming or dangerous product distribution. Its high level
of visibility, control, and integration can better contain any issues that appear.

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 CHAPTER 9
IoT − Transportation Applications
At every layer of transportation, IoT provides improved communication, control, and data
distribution. These applications include personal vehicles, commercial vehicles, trains, UAVs, and
other equipment. It extends throughout the entire system of all transportation elements such as
traffic control, parking, fuel consumption, and more.

Rails and Mass Transit

Current systems deliver sophisticated integration and performance, however, they employ
older technology and approaches to MRT. The improvements brought by IoT deliver more
complete control and monitoring. This results in better management of overall performance,
maintenance issues, maintenance, and improvements.
Mass transit options beyond standard MRT suffer from a lack of the integration necessary to
transform them from an option to a dedicated service. IoT provides an inexpensive and advanced
way to optimize performance and bring qualities of MRT to other transportation options like
buses. This improves services and service delivery in the areas of scheduling, optimizing transport
times, reliability, managing equipment issues, and responding to customer needs.

Road
The primary concerns of traffic are managing congestion, reducing accidents, and parking.
IoT allows us to better observe and analyze the flow of traffic through devices at all traffic
observation points. It aids in parking by making storage flow transparent when current methods
offer little if any data.

15
 Accidents typically result from a number of factors, however, traffic management impacts
their frequency. Construction sites, poor rerouting, and a lack of information about traffic status
are all issues that lead to incidents. IoT provides solutions in the form of better information
sharing with the public, and between various parties directly affecting road traffic.

Automobile
Many in the automotive industry envision a future for cars in which IoT technology makes
cars “smart,” attractive options equal to MRT. IoT offers few significant improvements to
personal vehicles. Most benefits come from better control over related infrastructure and the
inherent flaws in automobile transport; however, IoT does improve personal vehicles as personal
spaces. IoT brings the same improvements and customization to a vehicle as those in the home.

Commercial Transportation
Transportation benefits extend to business and manufacturing by optimizing the transport
arm of organizations. It reduces and eliminates problems related to poor fleet management
through better analytics and control such as monitoring idling, fuel consumption, travel
conditions, and travel time between points. This results in product transportation operating more
like an aligned service and less like a collection of contracted services.

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 CHAPTER 10
IoT − Education Applications
IoT in the classroom combines the benefits of IoT in content delivery, business, and
healthcare. It customizes and enhances education by allowing optimization of all content and
forms of delivery. It enables educators to give focus to individuals and their method. It also
reduces costs and labor of education through automation of common tasks outside of the actual
education process.

Education
Organizations Education organizations typically suffer from limited funding, labor issues,
and poor attention to actual education. They, unlike other organizations, commonly lack or avoid
analytics due to their funding issues and the belief that analytics do not apply to their industry.
IoT not only provides valuable insight, but it also democratizes that information through
lowcost, low-power small devices, which still offer high performance. This technology aids in
managing costs, improving the quality of education, professional development, and facility
management improvement through rich examinations of key areas:
 Student response, performance, and behavior
 Instructor response, performance, and behavior
 Facility monitoring and maintenance
 Data from other facilities
Data informs them about ineffective strategies and actions, whether educational efforts or facility
qualities. Removing these roadblocks makes them more effective.

Educators
Information provided by IoT empowers educators to deliver improved education. They have
a window into the success of their strategies, their students' perspective, and other aspects of their
performance. IoT relieves them of administrative and management duties, so they can focus on
their mission. It automates manual and clerical labor, and facilitates supervising through features
like system flags or controls to ensure students remain engaged.

17
 IoT provides instructors with easy access to powerful educational tools. Educators can use
IoT to perform as a one-on-one instructor providing specific instructional designs for each pupil;
for example, using data to determine the most effective supplements for each student, and
autogenerating content from lesson materials on-demand for any student.
The application of technology improves the professional development of educators because
they truly see what works, and learn to devise better strategies, rather than simply repeating old or
ineffective methods.
IoT also enhances the knowledge base used to devise education standards and practices.
Education research suffers from accuracy issues and a general lack of data. IoT introduces large
high quality, real-world datasets into the foundation of educational design. This comes from IoT's
unique ability to collect enormous amounts of varied data anywhere.

Personalized Education
IoT facilitates the customization of education to give every student access to what they need.
Each student can control their experience and participate in instructional design, and much of this
happens passively. The student simply utilizes the system, and performance data primarily shapes
their design. This combined with organizational and educator optimization delivers highly
effective education while reducing costs.

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 CHAPTER 11
IoT − Government Applications
IoT supports the development of smart nations and smart cities. This includes enhancement
of infrastructure previously discussed (e.g., healthcare, energy, transportation, etc.), defense, and
also the engineering and maintenance of communities.

City Planning and Management

Governing bodies and engineers can use IoT to analyze the often complex aspects of city
planning and management. IoT simplifies examining various factors such as population growth,
zoning, mapping, water supply, transportation patterns, food supply, social services, and land use.
It gathers detailed data in these areas and produces more valuable and accurate information than
current analytics given its ability to actually “live” with people in a city.

19
 In the area of management, IoT supports cities through its implementation in major services
and infrastructure such as transportation and healthcare. It also aids in other key areas like water
control, waste management, and emergency management. Its real-time and detailed information
facilitate more prompt decisions in contrast to the traditional process plagued by information lag,
which can be critical in emergency management.
Standard state services are also improved by IoT, which can automate otherwise slow
processes and trim unnecessary state expenses; for example, it can automate motor vehicle
services for testing, permits, and licensing.
IoT also aids in urban improvement by skipping tests or poor research, and providing
functional data for how the city can be optimized. This leads to faster and more meaningful
changes.

Creating Jobs
IoT offers thorough economic analysis. It makes previous blind spots visible and supports
better economic monitoring and modeling. It analyzes industry and the marketplace to spot
opportunities for growth and barriers

National Defense
National threats prove diverse and complicated. IoT augments armed forces systems and
services, and offers the sophistication necessary to manage the landscape of national defense. It
supports better protection of borders through inexpensive, high performance devices for rich
control and observation. IoT automates the protection tasks typically spread across several
departments and countless individuals. It achieves this while improving accuracy and speed.

20
 CHAPTER 12
IoT − Consumer Applications
Consumers benefit personally and professionally from the optimization and data analysis of
IoT. IoT technology behaves like a team of personal assistants, advisors, and security. It enhances
the way we live, work, and play.

Home
IoT takes the place of a full staff:
 Butler – IoT waits for you to return home, and ensures your home remains fully prepared. It
monitors your supplies, family, and the state of your home. It takes actions to resolve any issues
that appear.
 Chef – An IoT kitchen prepares meals or simply aids you in preparing them.

 Nanny – IoT can somewhat act as a guardian by controlling access, providing supplies, and
alerting the proper individuals in an emergency.
 Gardner – The same IoT systems of a farm easily work for home landscaping.
 Repairman – Smart systems perform key maintenance and repairs, and also request them.

 Security Guard – IoT watches over you 24/7. It can observe suspicious individuals miles away,
and recognize the potential of minor equipment problems to become disasters well before they do.

21
Work
A smart office or other workspace combines customization of the work environment with
smart tools. IoT learns about you, your job, and the way you work to deliver an optimized
environment. This results in practical accommodations like adjusting the room temperature, but
also more advanced benefits like modifying your schedule and the tools you use to increase your
output and reduce your work time. IoT acts as a manager and consultant capable of seeing what
you cannot.

Play
IoT learns as much about you personally as it does professionally. This enables the technology to
support leisure:
 Culture and Night Life – IoT can analyze your real-world activities and response to guide you in
finding more of the things and places you enjoy such as recommending restaurants and events
based on your preferences and experiences.
 Vacations – Planning and saving for vacations proves difficult for some, and many utilize
agencies, which can be replaced by IoT.
 Products and Services – IoT offers better analysis of the products you like and need than current
analytics based on its deeper access. It integrates with key information like your finances to
recommend great solutions.

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 CHAPTER 13
IoT − Identity Protection
IoT devices collect data about their environment, which includes people. These benefits
introduce heavy risk. The data itself does not present the danger, however, its depth does. The
highly detailed data collection paints a very clear picture of an individual, giving criminals all the
information they need to take advantage of someone. People may also not be aware of the level of
privacy; for example, entertainment devices may gather A/V data, or “watch” a consumer, and
share intimate information. The demand and price for this data exacerbates the issue considering
the number and diversity of parties interested in sensitive data. Problems specific to IoT
technology lead to many of its privacy issues, which primarily stem from the user's inability to
establish and control privacy:

Consent
The traditional model for “notice and consent” within connected systems generally enforces
existing privacy protections. It allows users to interact with privacy mechanisms, and set
preferences typically through accepting an agreement or limiting actions. Many IoT devices have
no such accommodations. Users not only have no control, but they are also not afforded any
transparency regarding device activities.

The Right to be Left Alone

Users have normal expectations for privacy in certain situations. This comes from the
commonly accepted idea of public and private spaces; for example, individuals are not surprised
by surveillance cameras in commercial spaces, however, they do not expect them in their personal
vehicle. IoT devices challenge these norms people recognize as the “right to be left alone.” Even
in public spaces, IoT creeps beyond the limits of expected privacy due to its power.

Indistinguishable Data
IoT deploys in a wide variety of ways. Much of IoT implementation remains group targeted
rather than personal. Even if users give IoT devices consent for each action, not every system can
reasonably process every set of preferences; for example, small devices in a complex assembly
cannot honor the requests of tens of thousands of users they encounter for mere seconds.

Granularity
Modern big data poses a substantial threat to privacy, but IoT compounds the issue with its
scale and intimacy. It goes not only where passive systems cannot, but it collects data everywhere.
Comfort
Growth of IoT normalizes it. Users become comfortable with what they perceive as safe
technology. IoT also lacks the transparency that warns users in traditional connected systems;
consequently, many act without any consideration for the potential consequences.
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 CHAPTER 14

IoT − Advantage:

The advantages of IoT span across every area of lifestyle and business. Here is a list of some of
the advantages that IoT has to offer:
Improved Customer Engagement – Current analytics suffer from blind-spots and significant
flaws in accuracy; and as noted, engagement remains passive. IoT completely transforms this to
achieve richer and more effective engagement with audiences.
Technology Optimization – The same technologies and data which improve the customer
experience also improve device use, and aid in more potent improvements to technology. IoT
unlocks a world of critical functional and field data.

IoT − Disadvantages :

Though IoT delivers an impressive set of benefits, it also presents a significant set of challenges.
Here is a list of some its major issues:
•Security – IoT creates an ecosystem of constantly connected devices communicating over
networks. The system offers little control despite any security measures. This leaves users
exposed to various kinds of attackers.
•Privacy – The sophistication of IoT provides substantial personal data in extreme detail without
the user's active participation.
•Complexity – Some find IoT systems complicated in terms of design, deployment, and
maintenance given their use of multiple technologies and a large set of new enabling
technologies.
•Flexibility – Many are concerned about the flexibility of an IoT system to integrate easily with
another. They worry about finding themselves with several conflicting or locked systems.
•Compliance – IoT, like any other technology in the realm of business, must comply with
regulations. Its complexity makes the issue of compliance seem incredibly challenging when
many consider standard software compliance a battle.

24
 CHAPTER 15

CONCLUSION

Along with an exponential growth in connected devices, each thing in IoT communicates
packets of data that require reliable connectivity, storage, and security. With IoT, an organization
is challenged with managing, monitoring, and securing immense volumes of data and
connections from dispersed devices. But this challenge doesn’t have to be a roadblock in a cloud-
based environment. In addition to scaling and growing a solution in one location, cloud
computing enables IoT solutions to scale globally and across different physical locations while
lowering communication latency and allowing for better responsiveness from devices in the field.
AWS offers a suite of IoT services with complete security, including services to operate and
secure endpoints, gateways, platforms, and applications as well as the traffic traversing across
these layers. This integration simplifies secure use and management of devices and data that
continually interact with each other, allowing organizations to benefit from the innovation and
efficiencies IoT can offer while maintaining security as a priority. AWS offers customers a
defense in depth approach with multiple security services and an easier, faster and more
costeffective path towards comprehensive, continuous and scalable IoT security, compliance and
governance solutions.

25
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