Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
Azure Files
Azure Files offers fully managed file shares in the cloud that are accessible via the industry-
standard Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. You can mount Azure file shares
concurrently on cloud or on-premises deployments of Windows, Linux, and macOS. You
also can cache Azure file shares on Windows Server machines by using Azure File Sync for
fast access close to where the data is used.
This article answers common questions about Azure Files features and functionality,
including the use of Azure File Sync with Azure Files. If you don't see the answer to your
question, you can contact us through the following channels (in escalating order):
General
How is Azure Files useful?
You can use Azure Files to create file shares in the cloud, without being responsible
for managing the overhead of a physical server, device, or appliance. We do the
monotonous work for you, including applying OS updates and replacing bad disks. To
learn more about the scenarios that Azure Files can help you with, see Why Azure
Files is useful.
What are different ways to access files in Azure Files?
You can mount the file share on your local machine by using the SMB 3.0 protocol,
or you can use tools like Storage Explorer to access files in your file share. From your
application, you can use storage client libraries, REST APIs, PowerShell, or Azure
CLI to access your files in the Azure file share.
What is Azure File Sync?
You can use Azure File Sync to centralize your organization's file shares in Azure
Files, while keeping the flexibility, performance, and compatibility of an on-premises
file server. Azure File Sync transforms your Windows Server machines into a quick
cache of your Azure file share. You can use any protocol that's available on Windows
Server to access your data locally, including SMB, Network File System (NFS), and
File Transfer Protocol Service (FTPS). You can have as many caches as you need
across the world.
Why would I use an Azure file share versus Azure Blob storage for my data?
Azure Files and Azure Blob storage both offer ways to store large amounts of data in
the cloud, but they are useful for slightly different purposes.
Azure Blob storage is useful for massive-scale, cloud-native applications that need to
store unstructured data. To maximize performance and scale, Azure Blob storage is a
simpler storage abstraction than a true file system. You can access Azure Blob storage
only through REST-based client libraries (or directly through the REST-based
protocol).
Azure Files is specifically a file system. Azure Files has all the file abstracts that you
know and love from years of working with on-premises operating systems. Like
Azure Blob storage, Azure Files offers a REST interface and REST-based client
libraries. Unlike Azure Blob storage, Azure Files offers SMB access to Azure file
shares. By using SMB, you can mount an Azure file share directly on Windows,
Linux, or macOS, either on-premises or in cloud VMs, without writing any code or
attaching any special drivers to the file system. You also can cache Azure file shares
on on-premises file servers by using Azure File Sync for quick access, close to where
the data is used.
For a more in-depth description on the differences between Azure Files and Azure
Blob storage, see Deciding when to use Azure Blob storage, Azure Files, or Azure
Disks. To learn more about Azure Blob storage, see Introduction to Blob storage.
However, running a file server with Azure Disks as back-end storage typically is
much more expensive than using an Azure file share, for a few reasons. First, in
addition to paying for disk storage, you also must pay for the expense of running one
or more Azure VMs. Second, you also must manage the VMs that are used to run the
file server. For example, you are responsible for OS upgrades. Finally, if you
ultimately require data to be cached on-premises, it's up to you to set up and manage
replication technologies, such as Distributed File System Replication (DFSR), to
make that happen.
One approach to getting the best of both Azure Files and a file server that's hosted in
Azure Virtual Machines (in addition to using Azure Disks as back-end storage) is to
install Azure File Sync on a file server that's hosted on a cloud VM. If the Azure file
share is in the same region as your file server, you can enable cloud tiering and set the
volume of free space percentage to maximum (99%). This ensures minimal
duplication of data. You also can use any applications you want with your file servers,
like applications that require NFS protocol support.
For a more in-depth guide about deploying an Azure file share to replace
production file shares in your organization, see Planning for an Azure Files
deployment.
Note
You cannot create Azure file shares from blob-only storage accounts or from
premium storage accounts.
I really want to see a specific feature added to Azure Files. Can you add it?
The Azure Files team is interested in hearing any and all feedback you have about our
service. Please vote on feature requests at Azure Files UserVoice! We're looking
forward to delighting you with many new features.
To detect changes to the Azure file share, Azure File Sync has a scheduled job called
a change detection job. A change detection job enumerates every file in the file share,
and then compares it to the sync version for that file. When the change detection job
determines that files have changed, Azure File Sync initiates a sync session. The
change detection job is initiated every 24 hours. Because the change detection job
works by enumerating every file in the Azure file share, change detection takes longer
in larger namespaces than in smaller namespaces. For large namespaces, it might take
longer than once every 24 hours to determine which files have changed.
Note, changes made to an Azure file share using REST does not update the SMB last
modified time and will not be seen as a change by sync.
We are exploring adding change detection for an Azure file share similar to USN for
volumes on Windows Server. Help us prioritize this feature for future development by
voting for it at Azure Files UserVoice.
If the same file is changed on two servers at approximately the same time, what
happens?
Azure File Sync uses a simple conflict-resolution strategy: we keep both changes to
files that are changed on two servers at the same time. The most recently written
change keeps the original file name. The older file has the "source" machine and the
conflict number appended to the name. It follows this taxonomy:
<FileNameWithoutExtension>-<MachineName>[-#].<ext>
Attribute
Attribute Definition
letter
Indicates that the file should be backed up by backup
A Archive software. This attribute is always set, regardless of
whether the file is tiered or stored fully on disk.
Indicates that the file is a sparse file. A sparse file is a
specialized type of file that NTFS offers for efficient
use when the file on the disk stream is mostly empty.
Azure File Sync uses sparse files because a file is either
P Sparse file fully tiered or partially recalled. In a fully tiered file,
the file stream is stored in the cloud. In a partially
recalled file, that part of the file is already on disk. If a
file is fully recalled to disk, Azure File Sync converts it
from a sparse file to a regular file.
Indicates that the file has a reparse point. A reparse
point is a special pointer for use by a file system filter.
Azure File Sync uses reparse points to define to the
Azure File Sync file system filter (StorageSync.sys) the
Reparse cloud location where the file is stored. This supports
L
point seamless access. Users won't need to know that Azure
File Sync is being used or how to get access to the file
in your Azure file share. When a file is fully recalled,
Azure File Sync removes the reparse point from the
file.
Indicates that some or all of the file's content is not
O Offline stored on disk. When a file is fully recalled, Azure File
Sync removes this attribute.
o
o You can see the attributes for all the files in a folder by adding the Attributes
field to the table display of File Explorer. To do this, right-click on an existing
column (for example, Size), select More, and then select Attributes from the
drop-down list.
o Use fsutil to check for reparse points on a file. As described in the
preceding option, a tiered file always has a reparse point set. A reparse pointer
is a special pointer for the Azure File Sync file system filter
(StorageSync.sys). To check whether a file has a reparse point, in an elevated
Command Prompt or PowerShell window, run the fsutil utility:
PowerShell
fsutil reparsepoint query <your-file-name>
If the file has a reparse point, you can expect to see Reparse Tag Value :
0x8000001e. This hexadecimal value is the reparse point value that is owned by
Azure File Sync. The output also contains the reparse data that represents the path to
your file on your Azure file share.
Warning
The fsutil reparsepoint utility command also has the ability to delete a reparse
point. Do not execute this command unless the Azure File Sync engineering team asks
you to. Running this command might result in data loss.
A file I want to use has been tiered. How can I recall the file to disk to use it locally?
The easiest way to recall a file to disk is to open the file. The Azure File Sync file system
filter (StorageSync.sys) seamlessly downloads the file from your Azure file share without any
work on your part. For file types that can be partially read from, such as multimedia or .zip
files, opening a file doesn't download the entire file.
You also can use PowerShell to force a file to be recalled. This option might be useful if you
want to recall multiple files at once, such as all the files in a folder. Open a PowerShell
session to the server node where Azure File Sync is installed, and then run the following
PowerShell commands:
PowerShell
Import-Module "C:\Program Files\Azure\StorageSyncAgent\
StorageSync.Management.ServerCmdlets.dll"
Invoke-StorageSyncFileRecall -Path <file-or-directory-to-be-recalled>
PowerShell
Import-Module "C:\Program Files\Azure\StorageSyncAgent\
StorageSync.Management.ServerCmdlets.dll"
Invoke-StorageSyncCloudTiering -Path <file-or-directory-to-be-tiered>
How is volume free space interpreted when I have multiple server endpoints on a
volume?
When there is more than one server endpoint on a volume, the effective volume free
space threshold is the largest volume free space specified across any server endpoint
on that volume. Files will be tiered according to their usage patterns regardless of
which server endpoint to which they belong. For example, if you have two server
endpoints on a volume, Endpoint1 and Endpoint2, where Endpoint1 has a volume free
space threshold of 25% and Endpoint2 has a volume free space threshold of 50%, the
volume free space threshold for both server endpoints will be 50%.
Which files or folders are automatically excluded by Azure File Sync?
By default, Azure File Sync excludes the following files:
o desktop.ini
o thumbs.db
o ehthumbs.db
o ~$*.*
o *.laccdb
o *.tmp
o 635D02A9D91C401B97884B82B3BCDAEA.*
The following folders are also excluded by default:
On-premises access
Do I have to use Azure ExpressRoute to connect to Azure Files or to use Azure
File Sync on-premises?
No. ExpressRoute is not required to access an Azure file share. If you are mounting
an Azure file share directly on-premises, all that's required is to have port 445 (TCP
outbound) open for internet access (this is the port that SMB uses to communicate). If
you're using Azure File Sync, all that's required is port 443 (TCP outbound) for
HTTPS access (no SMB required). However, you can use ExpressRoute with either of
these access options.
How can I mount an Azure file share on my local machine?
You can mount the file share by using the SMB protocol if port 445 (TCP outbound)
is open and your client supports the SMB 3.0 protocol (for example, if you're using
Windows 10 or Windows Server 2016). If port 445 is blocked by your organization's
policy or by your ISP, you can use Azure File Sync to access your Azure file share.
Backup
How do I back up my Azure file share?
You can use periodic share snapshots for protection against accidental deletions. You
also can use AzCopy, Robocopy, or a third-party backup tool that can back up a
mounted file share. Azure Backup offers backup of Azure Files. Learn more about
back up Azure file shares by Azure Backup.
Share snapshots
Share snapshots: General
If you need a file snapshot feature, let us know at Azure Files UserVoice.
Share snapshots are incremental in nature. The base share snapshot is the share itself.
All subsequent share snapshots are incremental and store only the difference from the
preceding share snapshot. You are billed only for the changed content. If you have a
share with 100 GiB of data but only 5 GiB has changed since your last share snapshot,
the share snapshot consumes only 5 additional GiB, and you are billed for 105 GiB.
For more information about transaction and standard egress charges, see the Pricing
page.