Section 1: Fundamentals of Computer Science

1. What does CPU stand for?

a) Central Processing Unit
b) Computer Processing Unit
c) Control Processing Unit
d) Central Program Unit
Answer: a) Central Processing Unit
2. Which of the following is a primary storage device?
a) Hard Disk
b) CD-ROM
c) RAM
d) USB
Answer: c) RAM
3. What is the full form of ROM?
a) Random Operating Memory
b) Read-Only Memory
c) Read Operating Memory
d) Random Only Memory
Answer: b) Read-Only Memory
4. Which part of the computer is responsible for arithmetic and logic operations?
a) Control Unit
b) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
c) Register
d) Cache
Answer: b) ALU
5. What type of software is an operating system?
a) Application Software
b) Utility Software
c) System Software
d) Development Software
Answer: c) System Software
6. Which generation of computers used vacuum tubes?
a) First
b) Second
c) Third
d) Fourth
Answer: a) First
7. Which of the following is an output device?
a) Mouse
b) Printer
c) Scanner
d) Keyboard
Answer: b) Printer
8. What does BIOS stand for?
a) Basic Input Output System
 b) Binary Input Output System
c) Basic Interconnect Operating System
d) Binary Integrated Operating System
Answer: a) Basic Input Output System
9. What is the primary function of an operating system?
a) To manage hardware and software resources
b) To provide a platform for application software
c) To control peripheral devices
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
10. Which of the following is not an example of hardware?
a) Monitor
b) Motherboard
c) Operating System
d) Hard Disk
Answer: c) Operating System

Section 2: Programming and Algorithms

11. Which language is considered a low-level language?

a) Python
b) Assembly Language
c) Java
d) C++
Answer: b) Assembly Language
12. What is the result of 5 % 2 in most programming languages?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 5
Answer: b) 1
13. Which of these is a loop structure?
a) if-else
b) for
c) switch-case
d) try-catch
Answer: b) for
14. What does HTML stand for?
a) Hyper Text Markup Language
b) High-Level Text Machine Language
c) Hyper Text Managing Links
d) Hyper Text Main Language
Answer: a) Hyper Text Markup Language
 15. Which of these data structures is LIFO?
a) Queue
b) Stack
c) Array
d) Linked List
Answer: b) Stack
16. Which sorting algorithm has the best average-case complexity?
a) Bubble Sort
b) Quick Sort
c) Selection Sort
d) Insertion Sort
Answer: b) Quick Sort
17. In object-oriented programming, what is encapsulation?
a) Combining data and methods into a single unit
b) Hiding implementation details
c) Inheriting features from another class
d) Dividing programs into functions
Answer: a) Combining data and methods into a single unit
18. Which of these is a key feature of Python?
a) Compiled
b) Case-sensitive
c) Low-level
d) Static typing
Answer: b) Case-sensitive
19. What does SQL stand for?
a) Standard Query Language
b) Structured Query Language
c) Sequential Query Language
d) Server Query Language
Answer: b) Structured Query Language
20. Which of the following is not a relational database?
a) MySQL
b) PostgreSQL
c) Oracle
d) MongoDB
Answer: d) MongoDB

Section 3: Computer Networks

21. What does IP stand for in networking?

a) Internet Protocol
b) Internal Protocol
c) Internet Process
 d) Interconnection Protocol
Answer: a) Internet Protocol
22. Which protocol is used to send emails?
a) HTTP
b) SMTP
c) FTP
d) SNMP
Answer: b) SMTP
23. What is the maximum number of IP addresses in IPv4?
a) 2^16
b) 2^32
c) 2^64
d) 2^128
Answer: b) 2^32
24. What is the main purpose of a router?
a) To connect multiple networks
b) To provide power to devices
c) To store data
d) To encrypt data
Answer: a) To connect multiple networks
25. Which topology uses a central hub?
a) Ring
b) Mesh
c) Star
d) Bus
Answer: c) Star

Section 4: Cybersecurity

26. What is phishing?

a) A type of virus
b) Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information
c) A method of encrypting data
d) A form of firewall
Answer: b) Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information
27. What does HTTPS stand for?
a) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
b) Hyper Transfer Text Protocol Security
c) High Text Transfer Protocol Secure
d) Hyperlink Text Transfer Protocol Security
Answer: a) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
28. What is a firewall?
a) A device that prevents overheating
b) A barrier that blocks unauthorized access
 c) A tool for compressing files
d) A type of virus
Answer: b) A barrier that blocks unauthorized access
29. What is the strongest encryption type?
a) DES
b) AES
c) SHA-1
d) MD5
Answer: b) AES
30. What is two-factor authentication?
a) A password management system
b) Using two methods to verify identity
c) Encrypting data twice
d) Storing data in two locations
Answer: b) Using two methods to verify identity

Section 1: Fundamentals of Computer Science

1. What does CPU stand for?

a) Central Processing Unit
b) Computer Processing Unit
c) Control Processing Unit
d) Central Program Unit
Answer: a) Central Processing Unit
2. Which of these is an input device?
a) Monitor
b) Keyboard
c) Printer
d) Speaker
Answer: b) Keyboard
3. What does ROM stand for?
a) Random Operating Memory
b) Read-Only Memory
c) Read Operating Memory
d) Random Only Memory
Answer: b) Read-Only Memory
4. What is the full form of BIOS?
a) Binary Input Output System
b) Basic Input Output System
c) Basic Interconnect Operating System
d) Binary Integrated Operating System
Answer: b) Basic Input Output System
5. Which of the following is an example of system software?
a) Microsoft Word
b) Operating System
c) Antivirus
 d) Photoshop
Answer: b) Operating System
6. Which generation of computers used transistors?
a) First
b) Second
c) Third
d) Fourth
Answer: b) Second
7. What type of storage is volatile?
a) Hard Disk
b) SSD
c) RAM
d) CD-ROM
Answer: c) RAM
8. Which device is used to connect multiple networks?
a) Switch
b) Router
c) Hub
d) Modem
Answer: b) Router
9. What does GUI stand for?
a) Graphical User Interface
b) General User Integration
c) Graphical Universal Interface
d) General Universal Integration
Answer: a) Graphical User Interface
10. Which of the following is an example of an optical storage device?
a) Floppy Disk
b) Hard Disk
c) CD-ROM
d) SSD
Answer: c) CD-ROM

Section 2: Programming and Algorithms

11. What does OOP stand for?

a) Object-Oriented Programming
b) Objective-Oriented Programming
c) Operational-Oriented Programming
d) Online Object Programming
Answer: a) Object-Oriented Programming
12. What is the output of 10 % 3 in most programming languages?
a) 0
b) 1
 c) 3
d) 10
Answer: b) 1
13. Which language is primarily used for web development?
a) Python
b) JavaScript
c) C++
d) Assembly
Answer: b) JavaScript
14. Which of these is not a programming language?
a) HTML
b) Java
c) C#
d) Python
Answer: a) HTML
15. Which data structure uses LIFO (Last In, First Out)?
a) Queue
b) Stack
c) Array
d) Linked List
Answer: b) Stack
16. What does SQL stand for?
a) Structured Query Language
b) Sequential Query Language
c) Standard Query Language
d) Simple Query Language
Answer: a) Structured Query Language
17. Which algorithm is used to find the shortest path in a graph?
a) Merge Sort
b) Dijkstra’s Algorithm
c) Quick Sort
d) Binary Search
Answer: b) Dijkstra’s Algorithm
18. Which of these is a sorting algorithm?
a) Bubble Sort
b) Binary Tree
c) Hash Map
d) Stack
Answer: a) Bubble Sort
19. Which of these is not a looping construct?
a) for
b) while
c) switch
d) do-while
Answer: c) switch
 20. What does IDE stand for?
a) Integrated Development Environment
b) Internal Debugging Engine
c) Independent Development Editor
d) Integrated Debugging Environment
Answer: a) Integrated Development Environment

Section 3: Databases and Networks

21. What is a primary key in a database?

a) A unique identifier for records
b) A foreign key
c) A backup key
d) A default key
Answer: a) A unique identifier for records
22. Which of these is a NoSQL database?
a) MySQL
b) MongoDB
c) Oracle
d) PostgreSQL
Answer: b) MongoDB
23. What does IP stand for?
a) Internet Protocol
b) Internal Protocol
c) Internet Process
d) Interconnection Protocol
Answer: a) Internet Protocol
24. Which protocol is used to transfer files over the internet?
a) FTP
b) HTTP
c) SMTP
d) SNMP
Answer: a) FTP
25. What is the maximum length of an IPv4 address?
a) 64 bits
b) 128 bits
c) 16 bits
d) 32 bits
Answer: d) 32 bits
26. What is a firewall used for?
a) Enhancing computer speed
b) Blocking unauthorized access
c) Monitoring system temperature
 d) Running antivirus scans
Answer: b) Blocking unauthorized access
27. Which topology uses a central hub?
a) Ring
b) Star
c) Mesh
d) Bus
Answer: b) Star
28. What is the function of a DNS?
a) Translates domain names into IP addresses
b) Provides internet security
c) Creates database entries
d) Encrypts data
Answer: a) Translates domain names into IP addresses
29. Which device amplifies and retransmits network signals?
a) Hub
b) Repeater
c) Router
d) Switch
Answer: b) Repeater
30. What does MAC in MAC address stand for?
a) Media Access Control
b) Machine Access Control
c) Media Access Communication
d) Machine Access Communication
Answer: a) Media Access Control

Section 4: Advanced Topics

31. What does AI stand for?

a) Artificial Intelligence
b) Automated Integration
c) Advanced Interconnect
d) Artificial Integration
Answer: a) Artificial Intelligence
32. What is the primary use of Big Data?
a) Analyzing large datasets
b) Storing small datasets
c) Optimizing operating systems
d) Encrypting data
Answer: a) Analyzing large datasets
33. Which of the following is a machine learning library?
a) TensorFlow
b) NumPy
 c) Flask
d) Django
Answer: a) TensorFlow
34. What does IoT stand for?
a) Internet of Things
b) Input/Output Technology
c) Integration of Tools
d) Internet of Technology
Answer: a) Internet of Things
35. What does "cloud computing" refer to?
a) Computing using weather data
b) Storing and accessing data over the internet
c) High-speed local computing
d) Designing weather systems
Answer: b) Storing and accessing data over the internet
36. What is overfitting in machine learning?
a) A model performs well on training data but poorly on new data
b) A model performs poorly on all datasets
c) A model with excessive data inputs
d) A model designed for real-time tasks
Answer: a) A model performs well on training data but poorly on new data
37. Which of these is an example of supervised learning?
a) Classification
b) Clustering
c) Principal Component Analysis
d) Market Basket Analysis
Answer: a) Classification
38. What is the primary purpose of encryption?
a) To improve performance
b) To secure data
c) To analyze data
d) To compress files
Answer: b) To secure data
39. Which of these is a cybersecurity attack?
a) Phishing
b) Sorting
c) Debugging
d) Compiling
Answer: a) Phishing
40. What is two-factor authentication?
a) Verifying identity using two methods
b) Using two passwords
c) Encrypting data twice
d) Running two antivirus scans
Answer: a) Verifying identity using two methods
ection 4: Advanced Topics (Continued)

41. What does "open source" mean in software?

a) Software that is free of cost
b) Software with source code that is freely available and modifiable
c) Software that is only available online
d) Software with no copyright
Answer: b) Software with source code that is freely available and modifiable
42. What is virtualization in computing?
a) Creating virtual versions of hardware or software environments
b) Using virtual reality in applications
c) Simulating physical systems
d) Running programs without hardware
Answer: a) Creating virtual versions of hardware or software environments
43. Which of the following is an example of a cloud storage service?
a) Dropbox
b) Visual Studio
c) Eclipse
d) Apache
Answer: a) Dropbox
44. What does SaaS stand for?
a) Software as a Service
b) Security as a Service
c) Systematic Application Software
d) Storage and Application Services
Answer: a) Software as a Service
45. What is the primary goal of data mining?
a) To extract useful patterns and knowledge from large datasets
b) To store data securely
c) To clean corrupted data
d) To compress large datasets
Answer: a) To extract useful patterns and knowledge from large datasets
46. What is blockchain technology primarily used for?
a) Decentralized and secure record-keeping
b) High-speed computing
c) Cloud storage
d) Software development
Answer: a) Decentralized and secure record-keeping
47. Which of the following is an example of an embedded system?
a) A smartwatch
b) A desktop computer
c) A web server
d) A supercomputer
Answer: a) A smartwatch
48. What is the function of a hypervisor?
a) Manages virtual machines on a host system
 b) Monitors CPU performance
c) Provides antivirus protection
d) Compresses large datasets
Answer: a) Manages virtual machines on a host system
49. What is a botnet?
a) A network of computers infected with malware and controlled remotely
b) A type of database
c) A software development environment
d) A collection of AI algorithms
Answer: a) A network of computers infected with malware and controlled remotely
50. What does GDPR stand for?
a) General Data Protection Regulation
b) Global Data Privacy Rights
c) General Digital Privacy Regulation
d) Global Database Protection Rule
Answer: a) General Data Protection Regulation