CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION [65]

6.
CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION
VARIABLES OF ROTATIONAL MOTION
CENTRE OF MASS
The centre of mass of a body or system is defined as the point at which the whole mass of the body can be supposed to
be concentrated, in order to study the motion of the body due to an external force, in accordance with Newton’s laws of
motion.
Centre of mass is the point that moves as though whole the mass were concentrated there and all external forces applied
there.
rcm
 
m r m r m1 m2
Two particle system : rcm  1 1 2 2

m1  m2 O
r1 cm
n
r2

  
m1r1  m2 r2 ..........mn rn m r i i
1 n
r
For N-particle system : cm   i 1
  miri
m1  m2 ..........mn n
M i1
m
i 1
i


In component form : rcm  x cm ˆi  ycm ˆj  zcmkˆ

m1x1  m2 x 2  m3 x 3  ... 1
XCM   mi xi
m1  m2  m3  ... M

m1y1  m2 y 2  m3 y 3  ... 1 m1z1  m2 z 2  m3 z3  ... 1

YCM   mi yi and YCM   mi zi
m1  m2  m3  ... M m1  m2  m3  ... M


If the system has continuous distribution of mass, treating the mass element dm at position r as a point mass and
replacing summation by integration
 1 
rCM 
M  r dm
1 1 1
M M M
So that xcm  xdm ycm  ydm and zcm  zdm

If a small part of mass m2 is removed from a larger part of mass m 1, then CM of remaining part is :

xCM
m1 m2 m1x1 – m2 x 2
XCM 
m1 – m2

where x1 and x2 are the distances of CM of entire mass and removed mass from a fixed origin respettively.
[66] CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

MOTION OF CENTRE OF MASS

  
If a system of particles of masses m 1, m2, m3 ... moving with velocities v1, v 2 , v 3 ... respectively then the velocity of
centre of mass
 
 m v  m2 v 2  ...  1 n 
Velocity of centre of mass v cm  1 1
m1  m2  ...
 v cm  
m i1
mi v i

and if acceleration of these particles are a1, a2 , a


3
....

 
 m1 a1  m2 a2  ... 1 n
Acceleration of centre of mass acm   mi ai
 
 acm 
m1  m2  ... M i 1
    
 Momentum of CM is : M V CM  PCM  p1  p 2  ...  p n
 
 Fext  Macm
  
 If Fext  0 then acm  0  v cm = constant i.e. if the net external force on a system of particles is gone, then the centre
of mass of the system will move with constant velocity e.g. bomb’s bombardment.

SPECIAL POINTS

 There may or may not be any mass present physically at centre of mass.

 It may be within or outside the body.

 Its position depends on the shape of the body.
 For a given shape it depends on the distribution of mass within the body and is closer to massive part.
m2
m m m1

CM CM m2 > m1
(A) (B)
 For symmetrical bodies having homogeneous distribution of mass it coincides with centre of symmetry or geometrical
centre.
 If we know the centre of mass of parts of the system and their masses, we can get the combined centre of mass by
treating the parts as point particles placed at their respective centre of masses.
 It is independent of the co-ordinate system e.g., the centre of mass of a ring is its centre whatever be the co-ordinate
system.

 If the origin of co-ordinate system is at centre of mass, i.e., RCM  0 ,
n 
 mi ri 
then by definition i 1
0 or  mi r i  0
M
i.e., the sum of the moments of the masses of a system about its centre of mass is always zero.
 CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION [67]

EXAMPLES OF CENTRE OF MASS MOTION

 The earth revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit whereas the moon revolves round the earth in circular orbit. It is this
centre of mass which revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit.
 Explosion of a projectile (e.g. fire cracker) in mid air. Before explosion, the projectile move along a parabolic path. After
explosion, each fragment move along its own parabolic path but the centre of mass of the projectile continues to move in
the same parabolic path.
 When a diver jumps into water from a height, then body can moves in any path but centre of mass of his body traverses
in parabolic path.
centre of mass follows laws of motion.

CENTRE OF MASS OF SOME STANDARD SYMMETRICAL BODY.

h h
 CM of cone
cm is at height from base
h 4
4

2R
 CM of semi circular ring
R is at above the centre O.

O

4R
 CM of semi circular disc is at above the centre.
3
O R

3R
 CM of hemi sphere is at above the centre.
8
R

CENTRE OF GRAVITY

The centre of gravity is that point through which the total gravitational attraction can be considered to act on the body.


  mi gi ri
RCG 
 mi gi

 
 In uniform gravitational field, such that near the surface of earth r cm and r CG coincide
 
i.e. r cm  r CG
 
 In non-uniform gravitational field rcm  rCG
[68] CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

REDUCED MASS OF TWO PARTICLES

r = r1 + r2
m2 r m1r
we know m 1r1 = m 2 r2 so r1  and r2 
m1  m2 m1  m2
Icm = m1r12 + m2r22

 mm  m1 m2
i.e. Icm   1 2  r 2 or Icm = µr² here µ µ is called reduced mass
 m1  m2  m1  m2

 µ is less than both masses µ < m 1 and µ < m2

 A two particle system interacting with central forces can be reduced effectively to a one particle system by introducing
the concept of reduced mass.

MOMENT OF INERTIA OF RIGID BODY

It is the property of a body due to which it opposes any change in its state of rest or uniform rotation.
Analytically for a particle of mass m rotating in a circle of radius R, moment of inertia of a particle of mass m about the
axis of rotation is I = mR² ...(i)
A
axis of rotation

r1
m1
ri mi
m
r r2 m2
m3
r3
A'
So for a body made up of number of particles (discrete distribution) of masses m1, m2 ... etc. at distance r1, r2.... etc.
respectively from the axis of rotation, then moment of inertia of all these particles are m 1r12, m2r22, ... and moment of
intertia of body () is the algebric sum of moment of inertia of all these particles–
n

i.e.  = m1 r12 + m2 r22 + ... + miri2 + mnrn2 = m r

i 1
i i
2
...(ii)

mi = mass of ith particle ri = distance of ith particle from axis of rotation

While for a continuous distribution of mass, treating the element of mass dm as particle at position r from axis of
Rotation.

 r dm
2
d = dm r² i.e., = ...(iii)

 It is a scalar quantity.
 SI Unit : kg-m2 and C.G.S. : gm-cm 2 Dimension : M1 L2 T0
 Moment of inertia depends on the following factors.
 Mass of body
 Mass distribution of body or shape, size and density of body.
 On the position of the axis of rotation.
The more is the distribution of mass with respect to axis of rotation the more will be moment of inertia.
Moment of inertia does not depend on the following factors.
(i) Angular velocity () (ii) Angular Acceleration () (iii) Torque () (iv) Angular Momentum (J)
 CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION [69]

RADIUS OF GYRATION
Moment of inertia is also given by I = MK2 where M is the total mass of the body and K is radius of gyration.
The radius of gyration is the distance between axis of rotation and centre of gyration.
Centre of gyration is a point where the whole mass of the body is supposed to be concentrated at a single distance, as
if the moment of inertia would be same as with actual distribution of mass of the body into particles.
Radius of gyration is also defined as the root mean square distance of all the particles about the axis of rotation, i.e.,

r12  r22  ...  rn2

K
n

K depends on : (i) axis of rotation

(ii) distribution of mass of body
K does not depend on : (i) Mass of the body
(ii) Position of body
(iii) On all angular physical quantity
 Radius of gyration does not depends on the mass of rigid body.

THEOREMS OF M..

Perpendicular axes theorem : [Only for laminar bodies]

The sum of moments of inertia of a laminar body about any two mutually perpendicular axes in its plane is equal to its
moment of inertia about an axis perpendicular to its plane and passing through the point intersection of the first two axes.

z  x  y

 This theorem works only for two dimensional object only. (Circular disk, ring, table top etc.)
Parallel axes theorem : [For all types of bodies]
According to this principle, the moment of inertia of a rigid body about any axis is equal to the sum of its moment of
inertia about a parallel axis through its centre of mass and the product of the mass of the body and the square of the
distance between the two axes.

A B

 G
O G

A' B'

   g  Md2
[70] CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

MOMENT OF INERTIA OF SOME REGULAR BODIES

Shape of Axis of Rotation Figure Moment of Radius of
body Inertia() Gyration K

Ring Passes through MR2 R

M : mass the centre and
R : radius perpendicular to the
M R
plane

About its Diameter

in its own plane 1 R

MR2
M 2 2
R
Id

About a tangential Id'

axis perpendicular to 2MR2 2R

its own plane M R

About a
3 3
tangential axis in MR2 R
M 2 2
R
its own plane
ID

Disc Passing through the IC

M MR2 R
M : mass centre and perpendicular
2 2
R : radius to the plane
R

M MR2 R
About Diametric
4 2
axis
Id

ID
About a tangential
5 5
axis in the plane of M MR2
R 4 2 R
disc

ID 3 3
About a tangential MR2 R
M 2 2
axis perpendicular to

the plane of disc R

CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION [71]

Cylinderical about its L MR2 R

shell geometrical M
Ic
axis (or thin pipe)
R
cm

IC
M = mass about an axis passing
M
L
M
2
R L O
 P
2
R2 L2
R = radius through its CM and
M M
N2 12 P
Q 
2 12
perpendicular to its length
cm R

about an axis IC
ID
M
L
M
2
R L O
 P
2
R2 L2
perpendicular to its length
M
M
N2 3 PQ 2

3
and passing through one
cm
end of the cylinder

Ic
Solid Cylinder About its geometrical
R
MR2 R
M : mass axis M
2 2
R : radius L
cm

L : length

Id
About an axis passing M
M
L
M
2
R L O
 P
2
R2 L2
through its C.G. and
cm
M
N4 12 P
Q 
4 12
Perpendicular to its axis

L L O
About the diameter of Id
M 2 2
M
M
R
 P R2 L2
one of the faces of the
cm
M
N4 3 PQ 4

3
cylinder and perpendicular
to the length
L
[72] CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

Annular disc Passing through centre IC

M M R12  R 22
and perpendicular to the [ R12  R22 ]
R1 R2
2 2
plane

M : mass M
R1 R2 M [R12  R22 ] R12  R 22
R1 : internal Radius About its diameter
4 2
R2 : outer Radius Id

Hollow Cylinder About geometrical Axis or

M
L
R R O
M
2
1
P
2
2 R12  R 22
R1 : internal Radius about the Axis which is
M
N2 P Q 2
R2 : outer Radius passing through centre

M : mass
L : length

Passing through centre

 L2 (R12  R 22 )  L2 R12  R22
of mass and perpendicular M 12  4
 
  12 4
to its length

Ic
Solid sphere About its axis or
M 2 2
M : mass diameter which is passing MR2 .R
5 5
R : radius through centre. R
cm

Id Ic

M 7 7
About Tangential MR2 .R
5 5
R
cm
CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION [73]

IC
Thin Spherical Passing through axis M
2 2
Shell or diameter. MR2 R
3 3

About Tangential Axis Id IC

M 5 5
M : Mass MR2 .R
3 3
R : Radius

Thickness R

negligible


Solid sphere with About passing through
2 [R5  r 5 ] 2 (R5  r 5 )
cavity centre or about diameter M
cavity 5 [R3  r 3 ] 5 (R3  r 3 )
(Hollow sphere) R

r
Internal radius = r

Outer Radius = R

Mass : M
hollow sphere

Thin rod Passing through centre Ic

M ML2 L
[thickness is of mass and perpendicular
cm 12 2 3
negligible to length L

w.r.t. length]

Passing thruogh its one Id

ML2 L
end and perpendicular to M
cm 3 3
Axis. L
[74] CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

Rectangular about an axis passing a

A a
Ma 2
plate through CM and
O 12 2 3
b D
a = Length perpendicular to side a in C

b = width its plane B

IAB

M = mass about an axis passing AB

A b
Mb 2
through CM and
12 2 3
b O D
perpendicular to side in C ICD

its plane B
a

ICM

about an axis passing

A
M(a2  b2 ) a2  b2
through CM and  to its
O D 12 2 3
b C
plane
B
a

a a
Triangular Passing through centre
Ma2 a
Prism of mass and perpendicular
6 6
side of base is a triangular face h
and height h

Ic
Cone about the line joining of
3 3
Radius : R top of the cone and mid MR 2 R
M 10 10
height : h point of base

x
Hemisphere Ixx = Iyy = Izz
z y

2
Radius : R MR2
y z 5

x
 CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION [75]

SPECIAL POINT

I1 Ma2
(a) Moment of inertia of square plate I3 1 
I2 6
M a
Ma 2
 2  3 
12
a

I2
I1
Ma2
(b) Moment of inertia of cube 1 
M
6

2Ma2
2 
3
a

IAB
(c) In a triangle, M.. will be If AC > BC > AB
A
maximum relative to smallest side. AC < BC < AB

B C
IAc
IBC

(d) In triangle, M.. will be maximum If 1   2  3

I2
relative to that perpendicular axis 1 > 2 > 3

which passes through least angle.

I3 I1

I1
I2
(e) Greater the mass away from axis I4
I3 1 < 2 < 3 < 4

of rotation, more will be M..

[76] CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS
F
COUPLE OF FORCES
When two forces equal in magnitude but opposite in direction acting at two different d b
points of a body they form couple. This couple tries to rotate body.
F 

CONDITIONS FOR EQUILIBRIUM OF A RIGID BODY

 For a body to be in translational equilibrium, the algebraic sum of the forces acting on the body is equal to zero, i.e.,
F = 0.
 For a body to be in rotational equilibrium, the algebraic sum of the moments of the forces about any point in their plane
is zero, i.e.,  = 0.

TORQUE

 The moment of force is called torque ().

  
 Torque, = force × perpendicular distance = Fr sin  or   r F
 The rate of change of angular momentum is directly proportional to external torque acting on the body,
dL d d2   
i.e., ext.  I  I 2  I  r  F
dt dt dt
 The dimensional formula for torque is [M1L2T–2] while SI unit is newton-metre.
 Torque and work have same units and dimensions.
   
 Torque is the cross product of r and F while work is the dot product of force F and displacement s .
 Torque causes change in uniformn rotational motion, i.e., it produces angular acceleration while moment of inertia
opposes any change in rotational motion.
 Angular impulse = change in angular momentum.
 Angular impulse can also be defined as the product of the torque and the time during which that torque acts.
t
i.e., angular impulse =  0
 dt .

ANGULAR MOMENTUM

The moment of linear momentum of a moving particle with respect to axis of rotation is known as angular momentum.
 
It is a vector quantity, which is often represented by L or J .
It is an axial vector (i.e. always perpendicular to the plane of motion)
        P 
Angular momentum J  r  p = r  m v = m ( r  v) or J = r p sin  nˆ
 
is angle between r and v r 
 
n̂ is unit vector perpendicular to plane of r and v
 
The direction of angular momentum is perpendicular to the plane of r and v O
b
and it given by right hand screw rule. M
If = 0°, J=0 (Minimum) If = 90°, J=mvr (Maximum)
S.. Unit : jule × sec (same as that of Planck’s const.) Dimension : M1 L2 T–1
If direction of rotation is anticlockwise, angular momentum is taken positive and if direction of rotation is clockwise,
angular momentum is taken negative.
The angular momentum of a system of particles is equal to the vector sum of angular momentum of each particle
     n

J  J1  J 2  J 3  ... J J
i 1
i
 CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION [77]

Relation between angular momentum and angular velocity = J =  

 = Moment of inertia with respect to axis of rotation
 = angular velocity due to angular momentum
J = the moment of momentum which is causing rotational motion.
The rate of change of angular momentum is equal to the torque applied on the body.

 dJ

dt
In rotational motion angular momentum has equal importance as linear momentum in linear motion

If torque acting of a particle is zero then  dJ or


 0  0 J  cons tan t
dt

Which implies that the angular momentum remians conserved when no external torque acts on the body.

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM

If no external torque is acting upon a body rotating about an axis.

 
Then the angular momentum of the body remains constant that is J    = constant

d 
Proof : For a rigid body, rotating about a given axis      .
dt
Now, for a rigid body, rotating about a given axis,  remains constant.
  

d  d( ) d J
   .  
dt dt dt

If the external torque acting on the body   0 ,


dJ 
 0, and hence J = constant
dt

For the equation J = , it can be seen that if J remains constant,  increases when  decreases and vice versa.
If  changed to 1, then, in the absence of an external torque,  will change to 1, such that ii = ff
This is the law of conservation of angular momentum.

WORK DONE IN ROTATORY MOTION

When a body rotates under action of torque then work is done by torque.
If  is uniform and body rotates by an angle  then
Work done = 
But if  depends on 
For example in case of twisting a wire,  = c  where c is constant
Then work done dW =  d  (since variable )
W =  d 
 2
So for twisting of wire W  0 c  d = c 2
2 c 2
For twisting of wire for angle 1 to 2 W   1
c d =
2
(2  12 )
[78] CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

KINETIC ENERGY OF ROTATION

The energy due to rotational motion of a body is known as rotational kinetic energy.
If be moment of inertia of body about axis of rotation and  is its angular velocity.
1 2 1
Then kinetic energy of rotation Er  I or Er  MK 2 2
2 2
 
J2 J. J
Er   (J = )
2I 2I

1
If  is constant, Er  If  is constant, Er 2 If J is constant, Er 
I
Work energy theorem :

1
The work done by torque = change in kinetic energy of rotation  I (22  12 )
2
ROTATIONAL POWER

     
d d  J. J  1   dJ   J  dJ
Rotational Power Prot = (Erot) = =  2J.     .
dt dt  2  2  dt     dt
 

 
 J  dJ
  and 
 dt

 
Prot   . 

ROLLING ON A INCLINED PLANE

Let us consider the case of a rigid body of radius R and mass M rolling down without slipping on a smooth inclined plane
having an angle of inclination  as shown in fig. As the body rolls down(s) it suffer vertical descent (h) and therefore loses
its potential energy.
At the same time, it acquires linear and angular speeds and hence, gains kinetic energy of translation and that of
rotation. If there is no loss in total energy, then the loss of potential energy is equal to the gain in kinetic energy.
With the help of law conservation of Mechenical Energy

1 1
Mgh = Mv² + I² ( = Mk², v = R)
2 2

1 1 v  2

Mgh = Mv² + Mk²  2 

2 2 R 

1  k  2

Mgh = Mv² 1  2 
2  R 

2gh
v
k2
1 2
R
CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION [79]

By Newton’s equation of motion :

v² = u² + 2as u = 0 and a = acceleration along inclined plane
arolling, vrolling and trolling
does not depends on
2gh gsin  the mass of the object
= 2as  a (h = s sin )
k² k²
1 2 1 2
R R

By Newton’s 2nd eqn. of motion :

asliding > arolling
1 2s vsliding > vrolling
s = ut + at²  t [u = 0]
2 a tsliding < trolling

 k² 
2s  1  2 
Put value of acceleration  R 
t
gsin 

For different shape of bodies if they roll down or inclined plane

2
k 
R  amin vmin tmax
 max

2
k 
R  amax vmax tmin
  min

Special Note : If body is sliding on inclined plane.

k2 2s
Then 0 v  2gh a = g sin  t
R2 gsin 

Velocity Acceleration Time

2gh gsin   k2 
2s  1  2 
Rolling k2 k2  R 
1 2 1 2
R R g sin 

2s
Sliding 2gh g sin 
gsin

1 1
Rolling k2
k 2
k2 1
Sliding 1 2 1 2 R2
R R
[80] CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

The various forces acting on the rolling down body are :

 The weight (Mg) of the body in the vertically downward direction.
 Normal reaction (N) of the surface of the plane on the body which acts normal to the inclined plane.
 The force of friction (f), which acts opposite to the direction of motion of the body.
 gsin    1 
Mg sin  – f = Ma  Mg sin  – f = M  2   f = Mg sin  1  2 
1  k / R 
2
 1 K / R 
2

 k2 
  tan 
2
µ
 R 2  R2 R2
µ [Mg cos ] = Mg sin   k   1 2 [For disc and cylinder = 2]
1 K K2
 R2 
The condition for rolling motion of the cylinder along the inclined plane without slipping

1
µs  tan 
3

gsin  2gh 1 2h  I 
S.No. Body a v t 1  
(1  I/MR 2 ) 1  (I/MR 2 ) sin  g  Mr 2 

1 1 4h
1. Ring gsin  gh
2 sin  g

2 4gh 1 3h
2. Disc gsin 
3 3 sin  g

1 1 4h
3. Hollow cylinder gsin  gh
2 sin  g

2 4gh 1 3h
4. Solid cylinder gsin 
3 3 sin  g

5 10gh 1 14h
5. Solid sphere gsin 
7 7 sin  5g

3 6gh 1 10h
6. Hollow sphere gsin 
5 5 sin  3g

Ratios of rotational KE (KR) ; translational KE (KT) and total KE of different bodies k2

n2 
R2
1 1
Mv2 .n2 Mv2
kR 2 kT 2 1 kR n2Mv2
  n2   
S.No. Body Value of k2 (Mk2 = I) 1 1 1  n2
Mv2  1  n2 
kT 2 k k 1  n2
Mv
2 2

1 1 1
1. Ring and hollow cylinder r2
1 2 2
2 2 2 3 2
2. Hollow sphere r
3 3 5 5

1 2 1 2 1
3. Disc and solid cylinder r
2 2 3 3
2 2 2 5 2
4. Solid sphere r
5 5 7 7
CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION [81]

COMPARISON OF TRANSLATIONAL MOTION AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

Translational Motion (Linear motion) Rotational Motion ( Angular motion)
Newton’s First Law Newton’s First Law
Law of Inertia Law of Rotational Inertia
Newton’s Second Law : Newton’s Second Law :
The rate of change of momentum of a body The rate of change of angular momentum of a
is proportional to the external force applied body is proportional to the external torque
to body. applied to body
 
 dp  dJ
F 
dt dt

 

dv  
 d
P  m v 
  
Fm   (J   )
dt   dt
  

F  ma   
Equation of motion Equation of motion
(For uniform acc.) (For uniform angular acc.)
v = u + at  = 0 + t
S = ut + ½ at²  = t + ½ t²
v² = u² + 2as ² = 02 + 2
a 
Snth = u + (2n – 1) nth = 0 + (2n – 1)
2 2
Translational Inertia is mass (m) Rotational inertia is M.. ()
   
Linear momentum p  m v Angular momentum J  I
Work done Work done
 
When F = constant when  = constant
 
 
W  F.S W  .

 dW   F.ds
    
For varying F For varying   dW    d
1 1 2
Kinetic Energy = mv 2 Rotational kinetic Energy = 
2 2

 
dW F.d s dW d
Power P  = P Power P  = P  .
dt dt dt dt

   
P  F. V P  .
Work Energy theorem Work Energy theorem
1 1 1 2 1
Work done W = mv 2  mu2 Work done W =   20
2 2 2 2
Linear impulse Rotational impulse
   
 P  F t  J   t
[82] CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

CENTRE OF MASS ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS EXERCISE

1. In the figure [a] half of the meter scale is made of wood 6. What must be the relation between length L and radius
while the other half, of steel. The wooden part is pivoted R of a cylinder, if the moment of inertia of the cylinder
at O. A force F is applied at the end of steel part. In about its own axis is to be the same as its moment
figure [b] the steel part is pivoted at O and the same of inertia about the equatorial axis passing through its
force is applied at the wooden end- centre and perpendicular to its length-
3
[1] L  R [2] L = R
2
[3] R  L 3 [4] L  3R
7. A rod of length 3 a and mass 3 m is bent in the form
[1] More acceleration will be produced in [a]
of an equilateral triangle. The moment of inertia of this
[2] More acceleration will be produced in [b]
triangle about an axis passing through its center of
[3] Same acceleration will be produced in both
mass and perpendicular to its plane will be-
condition
[4] Information is in complete 3ma² ma 2
[1] [2]
2. A ring of radius 10cms and mass 100gms is made to 2 3
oscillate about a horizontal axis passing through its ma2
[3] 2 ma2 [4]
circumference. The M.I. of the ring about this axis is- 2
8. Let I be the moment of inertia of a uniform square plate
[1] 104 gm-cm2 [2] 2 × 104 gm-cm2
about an axis AB that passes through its centre and
[3] 2 gm-cm2 [4] 2 × 104 gm-m2
is parallel to two of its sides. CD is a line in the plane
3. Four masses are arranged on a frictionless rod as
of the plate that passes through the centre of the plate
shown in the fig. The moment of inertia of the system
and makes an angle  with AB. The moment of inertia
about yy' axis is nearly-
of the plate the axis CD is then equal to
A'
[1]  C' D

[2]  sin 2  A
 B

[3]  cos2 
D'
C
[1] 2 kg m 2 [2] 0.1 kg. m 2 [4]  cos2 [ /2] B'

[3] 1.04 kg. m 2 [4] zero. 9. A thin rod of mass M and length L is bent at the mid
4. Moment of inertia of uniform circular disc about a point A to make an angle of 60º. The moment of inertia
diameter is I. Its moment of inertia about an axis of the rod about an axis passing through point A and
perpendicular to its plane and passing through a point perpendicular to the plane of rod would be-
on its rim will be -
M L2
[1] 5 I [2] 3 I [1]
6 A
[3] 6 I [4] 4 I
5. Calculate the moment of inertia (in kg m 2) of a solid M L2 60º
[2]
cylinder of length 20cm and radius 10cm about its own 12

axis and an axis passing through centre of mass and M L2

perpendicular to length. Given density of cylinder [3]
24
material = 8000 kg /m 3
M L2
[1] 0.25, 0.29 [2] 0.25, 0.32 [4]
4
[3] 0.20, 0.29 [4] 0.20, 0.20
 CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION [83]

10. The moment of inertia of an angular disc about a tangent 15. Half part of a thin rod of length L is made of steel whose
to internal circle in its plane is- (R1 and R2 are internal mass is ms and other half part is made of brass whose
and external radius). mass is mb. The moment of inertia of this rod about
an axis passing through its mid point and perpendicular
5 R2  M (R 22  R12 )
[1] M  R12  2  [2] to its length would be–
4 4  2
(m S  mb )L2
[1]
24
 R2 
[3] M  R12  2  / 4
2 

[4] M 5 R12  R 22  (m S  mb )L2
 [2]
48
11. The length of a cylinder is double its radius. The M.. (m S  mb )L2
about the axis perpendicular to its length and through [3]
16
the centre of mass will be- (m S  mb )L2
[4]
1 12
[1] MR2 [2] 4MR2 16. The radius of gyration of a solid sphere about a tangent
2
is given by-
2
7 MR  2  2
[3] MR 2 [4]   R   R
12 4 [1]  3 [2]  5
12. Most of the mass of a fly wheel is concentrated on
 5  7
the circumference because- [3]   R [4]   R
 3  5
[1] It increase the motion of wheel
17. The radius of gyration of a thin rod of mass 100 gm
[2] It increases the moment of inertia of the wheel and length 100 cm about a perpendicular axis passing
[3] It increases the power of the wheel through the centre of gravity would be-
[4] Wheel does not break off during motion [1] 50/ 3 cm. [2] 25/ 3 cm.
13. Three rings, each of mass P and radius Q are arranged [3] 100/3 2 cm. [4] 50/3 2 cm.
as shown in the figure. The moment of intertia of the
18. A particle of mass m = 5 is moving with a uniform speed
arrangement about yy' axis will be-
v = 3 2 in the XOY plane along the line Y = X + 4.
7
[1] PQ2 Y The magnitude of the angular momentum about origin
2
1 2 is-
2
[2] PQ2 P Q Q P
[1] Zero [2] 60 unit
7
2 Q [3] 7.5 unit [4] 40 2
[3] PQ2 P 3
5 19. Which of the following statement is wrong-
Y'
5 [1] Moment of linear momentum is a vector quantity.
[4] PQ2
2 [2] Moment of mass is called moment of inertia
14. The moment of inertia of a sphere about its diameter [3] Moment of linear momentum is called angular
is . Four such spheres are arranged as shown in fig. momentum.
The moment of inertia of the system about the axis [4] Moment of a force is called torque
XX' will be- 20. Maximum and minimum distances of a comet revolving
[1] 3 I around the sun are 14 × 109 m and 7 × 107 m. If maximum
velocity of comet is 6 × 102 km/sec, Its minimum velocity
[2] 5 I
is-
[3] 7 I [1] 3 km/sec [2] 4 km/sec
[4] 9 I [3] 6 km/sec [4] 8 km/sec
[84] CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION

21. A smooth uniform rod of length L and mass M has two 23. A rotating table is executing one revolution in 10 sec.
indentical beads of negligible size each of mass m, The moment of inertia is 100 kg.-m2. A man whose mass
which can slide freely along the rod. Initially the two is 100 kg is standing at the centre of the rotating table.
beads are at the centre of the rod and the system is If the man moves to a distance 2 m from the centre
rotating with an angular speed 0 about an axis in the radial direction, then angular velocity of rotating
perpendicular to the rod and passing through mid point table would become - [in rad/sec.]
of the rod, there are no external forces. When the beads 2 20  2
reach the ends of the rod, the angular speed of the [1] [2] [3] [4] 2
50 30 5
system is- 24. A circular ring of mass 5 kg and diameter 20 cms is
rotating about its axis. Suddenly it is transformed in to
m 0 M 0
[1] (M  2m) [2] a circular disc and its radius is reduced to one-fourth of
M  2m
the former. Its M.. will change as follows-
m 0 M 0 [1] M.. will not change.
[3] [4]
(M  6m) (M  6m) 1
[2] M.. will be of the former..
4
22. A light rod of length 1 m is pivoted at its centre and 1
two masses of 5 kg and 2 kg are hung from the ends. [3] M.. will be of the former..
32
Find the initial angular acceleration of the rod assuming [4] M.. will be zero.
that it was horizontal in the beginning- 25. Two wheels A and B are placed coaxially. Wheel A of
mom ent of inertia 6 kg-m² executes
[1] 8.4 rad/s2 [2] 4.2 rad/s2
600 rotation/min. while wheel B is stationary. On joining
[3] 0.0084 rad/s2 [4] 0.84 rad/s2 them with a clutch they executes jointly
400 rotation/minute. The M.. of the wheel B will be-
(in kg-m²)
[1] 5 [2] 4 [3] 3 [4] 8

ANSWER KEY
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Ans. 2 2 3 3 1 4 4 1 2 1 3 2 1 4 4

Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Ans. 4 1 2 2 1 4 1 1 3 3