Sat 04
Sat 04
PART # 01
1. Verify Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the function, f(x) = (x – 3)(x – 6)(x – 9) on the
interval [3, 5].
H x(a + b) K
3. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, then prove that the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one real root in (0, 1).
4. Prove that the equation 4x3 - 9x2 + 6x - 3 = 0 has a real root lying between 1 and 2.
5. Without trying to solve the equation, show that between x = – 2 and x = – 1, there lies one and only one
real root of x4 + 3x + 1 = 0.
6. Let f(x) = |x| and [a, b] = [–1, 1]. Prove that Lagrange’s theorem does not hold, i.e., there is no
f (1) - f (-1)
c Î ( -1, 1) such that f ¢(c) = . What goes wrong ?
2
7. Show that | sin b - sin a | £ | b - a | for any real number a and b (Using L.M.V.T.)
8. Show that | cos b - cos a | £ | b - a | for any real number a and b (Using L.M.V.T.)
sin b - sin a
9. Show that there exists c, a < c < b such that = cot c (Using Rolle’s Theorem)
cos a - cos b
10. Let f be differentiable for all x. If f(1) = –2 and f ¢(x) ³ 2 for all x Î [1, 6] . Then prove that f(6) ³ 8.
1 é 1ù
11. Let f(x) = x sin for x ¹ 0 and f(0) = 0. Prove that in the interval ê0, p ú , there are infinitely many
x ë û
values of x, where f ¢ vanishes.
12. Let f(x) = (x – 3) (x – 4) (x – 5) (x – 6) then prove that f ¢(x) = 0 has exactly three real roots which lies
in the intervals (3, 4), (4, 5) and (5, 6).
13. Let a, b (a < b) be two real roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0. Using Rolle’s theorem, show that
-b
lies between a and b .
2a
b-a b-a
14. Using mean value theorem, show that < tan -1 b - tan -1 a < ,b>a>0.
1+ b 2
1+ a2
b-a b b-a
15. Prove that < log < , where 0 < a < b.
b a a
16. Show that there lies a point on the curve f(x) = x(x + 3)e–x/2 in the interval (–3, 0) where
tangent drawn is parallel to x-axis.
17. Prove that if an interval (a, b) contains k roots of a real polynomial p(x) then it, contains at least k – 1
roots of p¢( x ) .
22. Suppose f is continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). Assume that Lim+ f ¢(x) exists and equals L.
x ®a
Prove that the right derivative of f at a, i.e. f +¢ (a ) also exists and equals L .
23. Suppose that the function f and g are continuous in a neighbourhood N of a point c and are differentiable
in the deleted neighbourhood. N – {c} of c . Assume further that f(c) = 0 = g(c) but that g' does not
f ¢( x ) f (x )
vanish in N – {c} and Lim = L . Prove that Lim =L.
x ®c g¢( x ) x®c g (x )
24. If f(x) and g(x) are continuous functions in [a, b] and they are differentiable in (a, b), then prove
f (a ) f ( b) f (a ) f ¢ (c)
that there exists c Î(a , b) such that = (b - a) .
g ( a ) g( b ) g ( a ) g ¢ ( c)
25. If f(x) differentiable in [1, 5], then show that f 2 (5) - f 2 (1) = 8f ¢(a ).f (b) , where a , bÎ [1, 5] .
26. Let the function f be a continuous in [a, b] and derivable in (a, b) show that there exist a number.
c Î ( a , b ) such that 2c [f(a) – f(b)] = f ¢(c)[a 2 - b 2 ] .
27. If a function f is continuous in [a, b] and differentiable in (a, b), where ab > 0, then prove that there exists
f ( b) - f ( a )
at least one c Î (a, b) for which = - c 2 f ¢ (c) .
1 1
-
b a
( n -1)
28. Given that åa
k =0
k = 0 . Where a k Î R " k = 0,1, 2,...., n - 1 .
Show that a i .n.x n -1 + a i (n - 1).x n - 2 + ..... + a i .2x + a i = 0 has at least one real root in (–3, 3) for any
0 1 n -2 n -1
PART # 02
Straight Objective Type
4
1. Rolle's theorem holds in [1, 2] for the function f(x) = x3 + bx 2 + cx at the point . The values of b, c
3
are respectively
(A) 8, –5 (B) –5, 8 (C) 5, –8 (D) –5, –8
2. If the function f(x) = ax + bx + 11x - 6 satisfies conditions of Rolle's theorem in [1,3] and
3 2
æ 1 ö
f 'ç2 + ÷ = 0, then value of a and b are respectively
è 3ø
(A) 1, –6 (B) –1, 6 (C) –2, 1 (D) –1, 1/2
p sin a - sin b
3. Suppose a,b and q are angles satisfying 0 < a < b < , then =
2 cos b - cos a
(A) tanq for some q Î (a,b) (B) –tanq for some q Î (a,b)
(C) cotq for some q Î (a,b) (D) –cotq for some q Î (a,b)
p
4. If 0 < a < b < , then tan b - tan a is
2
(A) (b – a) sec2 b (B) greater than (b – a) sec2 b
(C) less than (b – a) sec2 b (D) 0
b
5. If 0 < a < b, then log is
a
b-a b-a
(A) (B) greater than
b b
b-a
(C) less than (D) 1
b
6. A twice differentiable function ƒ(x) on (a,b) and continuous on [a,b] is such that ƒ"(x) < 0 and
f(c) - f(a)
ƒ'(x) > 0 for all x Î (a,b) then for any c Î (a, b), >
f(b) - f(c)
b-c c-a 1
(A) (B) (C) (b – c) (c – a) (D)
c-a b-c (b - c)(c - a)
7. Given a function f :[0, 4] ® R is differentiable, then for some a, b Î (0, 4)[f(4)]2 - [f(0)]2 =
(A) 8f '(b)f(a) (B) 4f '(b)f(a) (C) 2f '(b)f(a) (D) f '(b)f(a)
( x - b )( x - c ) f a + ( x - c )( x - a ) f b + ( x - a )( x - b ) f c - f x
8. Let f ( x ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) . Where a < c < b
( a - b )( a - c ) ( b - c )( b - a ) ( c - a )( c - b )
and ƒ"(x) exists at all points in (a,b) . Then, there exists a real number m, a < m < b such that
f (a ) f ( b) f (c)
+ + =
( a - b )( a - c ) ( b - c )( b - a ) ( c - a )( c - b )
1 1
(A) f "( m ) (B) 2f '' ( m ) (C) f '' ( m ) (D) f ''' ( m )
2 3
(C) 3g' ( x ) = 4f ' ( x ) for at least one x Î ( 2, 4 ) (D) g' ( x ) = 4f ' ( x ) for at least one x Î ( 2, 4 )
10. Let ƒ(x) be a twice differentiable function for all real values of x and satisfies f (1) = 1, f ( 2 ) = 4, f ( 3 ) = 9 ,
then which of the following is definitely true?
(A) f ¢¢ ( x ) = 2"x Î (1,3 ) (B) f ¢¢ ( x ) = f ¢ ( x ) = 7for some x Î ( 2,3 )
(A) f ( x ) £ 2 (B) f ( x ) £ 2x
f(x)
14. Let g(x) = where f(x) is differentiable on [0, 5] such that f(0) = 4, f(5) = -1 . There exists
x +1
c Î (0, 5) such that g'(c) is
1 1 5
(A) - (B) (C) - (D) –1
6 6 6
Multiple Correct Answer Type
15. Which of the following is/are true
1 1
(A) Let f(x) be differentiable function for all x in [2,5] where f(2) = and f(5) = then there exists a
5 2
number c, 2 < c < 5 for which ƒ'(c) = 1/10
(B) Suppose that f(x) is continuous on [a,b] and differentiable (a,b) and ( f(a) ) - ( f(b) ) = a 2 - b 2 , then
2 2
2 3 +1
16. If the function f(x) = x 3 - 6x 2 + ax + b defined in [1,3] satisfies the Rolle's theorem for x =
3
then
(A) a = 11 (B) b = 6 (C) a Î R (D) b Î R
17. Let f(x) be a twice differentiable function such that f '' ( x ) > 0 in [0,1] . Then,
(B) f ( 0 ) + f (1) = 2f (1 / 2 )
æ1ö
(C) f ( 0 ) + f (1) > 2f ç ÷
è2ø
æ1ö
(D) f ( 0 ) + f (1) < 2f ç ÷
è2ø
é3 - x2
ê , 0 £ x £1
18. f (x) = ê 2 , then the value of 'c' in the LMVT over [0, 2], is
ê 1
êë x , 1£ x £ 2
1 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
2 3 2
19. Rolle's theorem is not applicable to
(A) f ( x ) = x 2/3 - x1/3 , x Î [0,1] (B) f ( x ) = cos x , x Î [0, 2p ]
p p
) 3 , x Î éê - , ùú
2
20. Consider f ( x) = x + sin p [ x], 2 £ x £ 6 , where [x] denotes greatest integer part of x. Then the true
log e x
22. If f(x) is continuous in [a,a+h] and differentiable in (a, a+h) then there exists a real number q Î (0,1)
f(a + h) - f(a)
such that f '(a + qh) = [ here h = b – a and as q Î (0,1),(a + qh) Î (a,b)].
h
Then which of the following is /are true
(A) If f(x) = px + qx + r, p ¹ 0, p, q, r Î R , then the value of q =1/2
2
3
(B) If f(x) = x 2 - 4, x Î [2, 4] , then the value of q = -1
2
(C) If f(x) = (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3), x Î [0, 4] , then the number of values of q = 2
(D) none of these
23. If f(x) is a differentiable function " x Î R so that, f ( 2 ) = 4, f ' ( x ) ³ 5 "x Î [ 2, 6 ] , then f(6) is
(A) > 24 (B) < 24 (C) > 9 (D) < 9
3 2
24. If Rolle's theorem is applicable for ƒ(x) = x + ax + bx in [1,2], then a, b can be respectively -
(A) –2, –1 (B) 0, –7 (C) 5, 2 (D) –5, –6
25. Which of the following statements are true
x3 æ pö
(A) x - < sin x < x , for x Î ç 0, ÷
6 è 2ø
b-a æ b ö b-a
(B) < log e ç ÷ < , for 0 < a < b
b èaø a
(C) (b - a) sec 2 a < tan b - tan a < (b - a) sec 2 b for 0 < a < b < p
2
x
(D) < log e (1 + x) < x , for all x Î ( 0, ¥ )
1+ x
26. Which of the following statements are true
(A) If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0 then atleast one root of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 lies in the interval (0,1)
x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x3 x 2
(B) f(x) = - + - + - + x = 0 , cannot have two or more real roots because Rolle's
7 6 5 4 3 2
theorem is not applicable for any interval [a,b] where a and b are real
(C) If a + b + c = 0, then the quadratic equation 3ax 2 + 2bx + c = 0 , has at least one root between 0 and 1
(D) Let f(x) be differentiable function for all x and if f(1) = –2 and f '(x) ³ 2 ,for all x in [1,6] then f(6) ³ 8
27. Which of the following statements are true
(A) Let f(x) be a quadratic expression which is positive for all real x, and if g(x) = f(x) + f '(x) + f ''(x)
then g(x) > 0, for any real x
(B) Let f(x) be differentiable function for all x and if f(2) = –4 and f '(x) ³ 6 , for all x in [2,4] then
f(4) ³ 8
1
(C) Let f(x) satisfy the requirements of LMVT in [0,2] and if f(0) = 0 and f '(x) £ for all x in [0,2],
2
then f(x) £ 1
1
(D) Let f(x) satisfy the requirements of LMVT in [0,2] and if f(0) = 0 and f '(x) £ for all x in [0,2],
2
then f(x) £ 2
ƒ '(c) ƒ ( b) - ƒ (a)
30. If ƒ(x) is continuous in [a,b] and differentiable in (a,b) then = holds for
3c 2 b3 - c 3
(A) at least one c Î (a,b) (B) atmost one c Î (a,b)
(C) exactly one value of c (D) none of these
Paragraph -2
Lagrange's mean value theorem (LMVT) is a applicable only when a real valued function f(x) is
continuous on [a,b] and differentiable on (a,b) .To prove an inequality for a differentiable function f(x)
f(b) - f(a)
on [a,b] some times LMVT is useful. The fact that $c Î ( a, b ) such that f '(c) = can be used
b-a
to deduce the desired inequality if ƒ'(x) is bounded below or above on (a,b)
Answer the following.
æ pö
31. Which of the following statements is always false for two real numbers x1 , x 2 Î ç 0, ÷ and x1 ¹ x 2
è 2ø
(A) sin x1 - sin x 2 < x1 - x 2 (B) cot x1 - cot x 2 > x1 - x 2
æ 1 + x1 ö
(C) ln ç 1 + x ÷ > x1 - x 2 (D) cos x1 - cos x 2 < x1 - x 2
è 2 ø
32. Which of the following statements is always true for x1 , x 2 Î ( 0,1) and x1 ¹ x 2 ?
ì
ïax 2 + b, if x < 1
ï
ï
34. If Rolle's Theorem is applicable to the function f(x) defined by f(x) í1, if x = 1 in [–3,3] then the
ï
ï c , if x > 1
ïî x
value of a + b + c
ln x
35. If Rolle's theorem is applicable to the function f ( x ) = , x > 0 over the interval [a,b] where a, b Î I
x
then (b – a) equals
ì5, x=0
ï 2
36. Let f ( x ) = íx + 5x + a, 0 < x < 2
ïb x + g, 2£x£3
î
If ƒ(x) satisfies all the conditions of Lagranges mean value theorem in [0,3] and P ( c, f ( c ) ) is the point
on the curve f ( x ) in c Î [0,3] where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining the end points, then
1
find the value of (a + 2 b + 3g + 6c )
17
ì3, if x = 0
ï 2
37. Values of a, m, b, for which the function f(x) = í- x + 3x + a, if 0 < x < 1 , satisfies the hypothesis of
ïmx + b, if 1 £ x £ 2
î
Lagrange's mean value theorem in the interval [0,2] the value of a + m + b =
38. Let ƒ : [0, 1] ® R be twice differentiable function. Suppose that line segment joining the point (0, ƒ(0))
and (1, ƒ(1)) intersect the graph of ƒ at a point (a, ƒ(a)), where 0 < a < 1, then prove that there exist
x0 Î [0,1] such that ƒ"(x0) = 0.
39. Let ƒ : [0, ¥) ® R be continuous and ƒ(0) = 0. Suppose that ƒ'(x) exist for all x Î (0,¥) and ƒ' is
ƒ(x)
increasing on (0,¥) . Show that function g(x) = is increasing on (0, ¥) .
x
40. Let ƒ : [a, b] ® R be a differentiable function and a > 0, then show that there exist c1 ,c2 Î (a,b) such
ƒ '(c1 ) ƒ '(c2 )
that a + b = 2c
2
41. Let ƒ : [a, b] ® R be a differentiable function and a Î R be such that ƒ '(a) < a < ƒ '(b) . Let g(x) = ƒ(x)
– ax " x Î [a,b], then minimum number of zeroes of equation g(x) = 0 and g'(x) = 0 .
42. Let b > a > 0 and ƒ :[a, b] ® R be a continuous function, differentiable on (a, b). Prove that there exist
aƒ(b) - bƒ(a)
c Î (a,b) such that = ƒ(c) - cƒ '(c)
a-b
43. Let ƒ : [a, b] ® R be a continuous function such that ƒ'(x) exist on (a, b), then minimum number of
ƒ '(x) 1 0
solution(s) of equation ƒ(a) a 1 = 0, x Î (a, b) , is
ƒ(b) b 1
COMPETITION WINDOW
(A) Subjective :
1. For all x in [0, 1], let the second derivative ƒ''(x) of a function ƒ(x) exist and satisfy |ƒ''(x)| < 1. If
ƒ(0) = ƒ(1), then show that |ƒ'(x)| < 1 for all x in [0, 1]. [IIT - 1981; 4M]
2. If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable function for 0 £ x £ 1 such that f(0) = 2, g(0) = 0, f(1) = 6, g(1) = 2, then
show that there exist c satisfying 0 < c < 1 and f ¢(c) = 2g¢( c) . [IIT - 1982]
æ 1
ö
3. Prove by Roll’s theorem that p(x) = 51x101 - 2323x100 - 45x + 1035 has a root in the interval çç ( 45) 100 , 46 ÷÷
è ø
[IIT - 2004]
4. f(x) is a differentiable function and g(x) is double differentiable function such that | f ( x ) | £ 1 and
f ¢( x ) = g( x ) . If f2(0) + g2(0) = 9, prove that there exists some c Î ( -3, 3) such that g( c).g¢¢(c) < 0 .
[IIT - 2005]
5. For a twice differentiable function f (x), g(x) is defined as g(x) = (f ¢(x))2 + f ¢¢(x) f(x) on [a, e]. If for
a < b < c < d < e, f(a) = 0, f(b) = 2, f(c) = –1, f(d) = 2, f(e) = 0 then find the minimum number of zeros
of g(x). [IIT - 2006]
6. If x – r is a factor of the polynomial f(x) = anxn + an–1xn–1 + ... + a0, repeated m times (1 < m £ n), then r
is a root of f¢(x) = 0 repeated m times. [IIT - 1983]
(C) Multiple choice questions with one correct answer :
7. The smallest positive root of the equation, tan x – x = 0 lies in [IIT - 1987]
æ pö æ p ö æ 3p ö æ 3p ö
(A) ç 0, ÷ (B) ç , p ÷ (C) ç p, ÷ (D) ç ,2p ÷
è 2ø è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø
R| 1 - x, x<
1
R| sin x , x¹0
(A) f(x) = SF 1 I (B) f(x) = S
2 2
x
||GH 2 - xJK , T| 1,
2
1
x³ x =0
T 2
11. Let ƒ be twice differentiable function satisfying ƒ(1) = 1, ƒ(2) = 4, ƒ(3) = 9, then - [IIT - 2005]
(A) ƒ''(x) = 2 " x Î R
(B) ƒ'(x) = 5 = ƒ''(x), for some x Î (1, 3)
(C) there exists at least one x Î (1, 3) such that ƒ''(x) = 2
(D) ƒ''(x) = 3 for all x Î (2, 3)
1
12. For function ƒ(x) = x cos , x ³ 1 , [IIT - 2009]
x
(A) for atleast one x in interval [1, ¥), ƒ(x + 2) – ƒ(x) < 2
(B) lim ƒ '(x) = 1
x ®¥
(C) for all x in the interval [1, ¥), ƒ(x + 2) – ƒ(x) > 2
(D) ƒ'(x) is strictly decreasing in the interval [1, ¥)
(D) Integer Type
ANSWER KEY
PART # 02
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B
6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. D
11. A 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A,B,C,D
16. A,D 17. C 18. A,D 19. B,D 20. A,C
21. A,B,C 22. A,B,C 23. A,C 24. A,B 25. A,B,C,D
26. A,B,C,D 27. A,B,C,D 28. C 29. C 30. A
31. C 32. B 33. B 34. 3 35. 2
36. 2 37. 8 38 41. 0,1 43. 1
COMPETITION WINDOW
5. 6 6. False 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. C
12. B,C,D 13. 2