Data Structure

Lecture 4

Queue
Dr. Mohamed Eassa 1
 Queue

• A Queue is a linear data structure.

•a queue is open at both its ends. One end is always used to insert data (enqueue) and the
other is used to remove data (dequeue).
•For this reason, a Queue is referred to as a first-in, first-out (FIFO) data structure.

First-in First-out
2
Queue

First-in First-out

3
 Queue Operations
Enqueue (): Inserts an element at the end of the queue.

Dequeue (): Removes an element from the front of the queue.

Peak (): Get the element at the front without removing it from the queue.

isEmpty: Determines whether the queue is empty. If the queue is empty, it returns the value
true; otherwise, it returns the value false.

isFull: Determines whether the queue is full. If the queue is full, it returns the value true;
otherwise, it returns the value false.

Clear () : Remove all the elements from the queue.

Display (): print all element of the queue.

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 Implementation of queue
Any list implementation could be used to implement a
queue:
◦ Arrays (static: the size of queue is given initially)
◦ Linked lists (dynamic: never become full)

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 Linked List Implementation of queue

• Create a linked list to which items would be added to one end and deleted from the
other end.
• Two pointers will be maintained:
• One pointing to the beginning of the list (point from where elements will be
deleted).
• Another pointing to the end of the list (point where new elements will be
inserted). Rear

Front DELETION INSERTION

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 Queue class
class Queue
#include <iostream>
{
using namespace std;
public:
class node
node* front;
{
node* rear;
public:
Queue()
int data;
{
node* next;
front = rear = NULL;
node ()
}
{
data = 0;
bool isEmpty()
next = NULL;
{
}
if (front == NULL); // front == NULL && rear == NULL
};
return true;
else
return false;
}
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 Enqueue Operation

void Enqueue (int item)

{ front NULL
node* newnode = new node(); rear NULL
newnode -> data = item; (1)
front rear
if (isEmpty())
{
front = rear = newnode; 10 /
}
else
{
rear-> next = newnode;
front rear
rear= newnode;
}
} (2) 10 20 30 /

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 Display Operation
void display ()
{
If (isEmpty())
cout << “Queue is empty \n”;
else
{
node* temp = front;
while (temp!= NULL)
{
cout << temp->data<<“ \t”;
temp = temp -> next;
}
cout << endl;
}
} 9
 main function

int main()
{
Queue q;
int item;
for (int i =0; i < 3 ; i++)
{
cout << “Enter Item to Enqueu\n”;
cin >> item;
q.enqueu (item);
}

q.display();

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 Dequeue Operation
Int Dequeue ()
{
int delitem= 0;
if (isEmpty()) (1) Queue is empty
cout<< “the queue is empty \n”;
else if (front == rear)
{ front rear
delete front;
front = rear = NULL;
} (2) 10 /
else
{
node* delptr= front;
front= front-> next; delptr front rear
delitem = delptr-> data;
delete delptr;
} (3) 10 20 30 /
return delitem;
}
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 main function
int main()
{
Queue q;
int item;
for (int i =0; i < 3 ; i++)
{
cout << “Enter Item to Enqueu\n”;
cin >> item;
q.enqueu (item);
}

q.display();

cout <<“After Dequeue\n”;

q.Dequeue();
q.display();
q.Dequeue();
q.display();
} 12
 Peak Operation

int peak()

return front-> data;

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 GetRear Operation

int getRear()

return rear-> data;

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 Clear function

void clear()
{
while (!isEmpty())

Dequeue();

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 main function
int main()
{
Queue q;
int item;
for (int i =0; i < 3 ; i++)
{
cout << “Enter Item to Enqueu\n”;
cin >> item;
q.enqueu (item);
}

q.display();

cout << “Clear all Item \n”;

q.clear();
cout << “Display after Clear \n”;
q.display();
} 16
 Count function

int count()
{
int counter = 0;
node* temp = front;
while (temp!= NULL)
{
counter++;
temp = temp -> next;
}
return counter;
}

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 Search function
bool isFound (int item)
{
bool found = false;
node* temp = front;
while(temp!= NULL)
{
If (temp -> data == item)
found = true;

temp = temp->next;
}

return found;
} 18