Technologies used to access internet

NAME: SUMAIRA GHAFFAR ROLL NO: BSITS10M44 SUBJECT: Internet architecture and protocols SUBMITTED TO: Sir Akram Mujahid

UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION TOWNSHIP

TECHNOLOGIES USED TO ACCESS INTERNET

Dial up modem ISDN

Upto 56k BRI:64kbps PRI:128kbps

2400 bps 64 kbps

56 Kbps 128 Mbps

Cable net

2Mbps to 8 Mbps

512 kbps

8Mbps

Wireless modem

Wi-Fi enhanced data rate to 12Mbps

1 Mbps

12 Mbps

Coaxial cable, in some cases telephone use upstream request Use 382km to orthogonal 420km frequency division multiplexing

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line):A digital subscriber line is an internet connection technology delivering high bandwidth over ordinary telephone lines. Typically a DSL provider offer 128 kbps speed of uploading and 105 Mbps for downloading. The other line based service is the cheaper and slower is dial up, while cable and satellite internet services are much faster but also cost more.

Applications:Faster home and small business network

Dial up modem:Dial up modem to the telephone line to connect to the internet. The computer uses the modem (sets already in the computer) and connect the home phone line with it.

Applications:Now a days it is not use frequently but it uses on very small level, such as on home computer.

ISDN:ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network. It was set for digital transmission over ordinary telephone copper wire as well as over other media. Home and business users who install the ISDN adapter (in place of telephone medium) receive web pages at upto 128 kbps. ISDN requires adapter at both ends of the transmission so your access provider also need ISDN adapters. ISDN is generally available from your phone company in most urban areas and in U.S. There are two levels of services:-

BRI:The Basic Rate Interface (BRI) intended for the home and small enterpriser. It consists of two 64 kbps B channel and one 16 kbps D channels. Thus BRI can have upto 128 kbps service.

PRI:The Primary Rate Interface (PRI) intended for larger business. It consists of 23 B channels and one 64 kbps channel in USA or 30 B channel or one D channel in Europe. Each B channel carries data, voice and other services Each D channel carries control and signal information

Application:-

BRI:- faster home and small business access PRI:-used for large scale business

Cable modem:A cable modem is a device that enables you to hook up your PC to a local cable TV line receives data at about 1.5 Mbps. This data rate far exceeds that of prevalent telephone modem, ISDN and is about the data rate available to subscribers of DSL telephone service. In most cases cable modems are furnished as a part of cable access service and are not purchased directly and installed by subscriber. A cable modem has two types of connections:y One to cable wall outlet and other to a PC to a set-top box for a TV set. Although a cable modem does modulation between analog and digital signal, it is much more complex device than a telephone modem Typically cable modem attaches to a standard 10base-T Ethernet card in the computer.

Applications:Used in home, business and schools.

Wireless:Wireless LAN media access control and physical layer specification 802.11a, b, g etc are amendments to original 802.11 standard Products that implement 802.11 standards must pass tests and are referred to Wi-Fi certified . It operates in the 5Hz UN 11 band in the US initially 5.15-5.35 and 5.725-5.85 since expanded to the original frequencies. y y y Uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Enhanced data speed to 54 Mbps Ratified after 802.11 b

Wi-Fi:It is name of popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high speed internet and network connections. The Wi-Fi alliance, the organization that owns the Wi-Fi

(registered trademark) term specifically defines Wi-Fi as any wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards.

Applications:Most frequently used service in urban areas. Used specially in educational institutions ( universities and colleges) home and offices.

References:www.whatis.techtarget.com www.webopedia.com www.helpbytes.co.uk